1904 Italian general election

General elections were held in Italy on 6 November 1904, with a second round of voting on 13 November.[1] The "ministerial" left-wing bloc remained the largest in Parliament, winning 339 of the 508 seats.[2] The papal ban on Catholics voting was relaxed for the first time, and three Catholics were elected.[3]

1904 Italian general election

6–13 November 1904
All 508 seats to the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy
Majority party Minority party Third party   Leader Giovanni Giolitti Filippo Turati Tommaso Tittoni Party Historical Left Socialist Party Historical Right Seats won 339 29 76 Seat change 43 4 40 Popular vote 777,345 326,016 212,584 Percentage 50.9% 21.3% 13.9% Swing 1.4% 8.3% 7.5%
Prime Minister before election Giovanni Giolitti Historical Left Elected Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti Historical Left

Electoral system

The election was held using 508 single-member constituencies. However, prior to the election the electoral law was amended so that candidates needed only an absolute majority of votes to win their constituency, abolishing the second requirement of receiving the votes of at least one-sixth of registered voters.[4]

Historical background

After Giuseppe Saracco resignation as Prime Minister, Giuseppe Zanardelli was appointed as new head of the government; but he was unable to achieve much during his last term of office, as his health was greatly impaired. His Divorce Bill, although voted in the Chamber of Deputies, had to be withdrawn on account of the strong opposition of the country. He retired from the administration on 21 November 1903.

The long-time liberal leader Giovanni Giolitti succeeded to Zanardelli. He courted the left and labour unions with social legislation, including subsidies for low-income housing, preferential government contracts for worker cooperatives, and old age and disability pensions. However, he, too, had to resort to strong measures in repressing some serious disorders in various parts of Italy, and thus he lost the favour of the Socialists.

Parties and leaders

Party		Ideology	Leader
	Historical Left	Liberalism, Centrism	Giovanni Giolitti
	Italian Socialist Party	Socialism, Revolutionary socialism	Filippo Turati
	Historical Right	Conservatism, Monarchism	Tommaso Tittoni
	Italian Radical Party	Radicalism, Republicanism	Ettore Sacchi
	Italian Republican Party	Republicanism, Radicalism	Napoleone Colajanni
	Catholic Electoral Union	Clericalism, Christian democracy	Ottorino Gentiloni

Results

← Summary of November 1904 Chamber of Deputies election results →

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/−
	Historical Left	777,345	50.9	339	+43
	Italian Socialist Party	326,016	21.3	29	−4
	Historical Right	212,584	13.9	76	−40
	Italian Radical Party	128,002	8.4	37	+3
	Italian Republican Party	75,225	4.9	24	−5
	Catholic Electoral Union	8,008	0.5	3	New
Invalid/blank votes		66,706	–	–	–
Total		1,593,886	100	508	±0
Registered voters/turnout		2,541,327	62.7	–	–
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Popular vote Left   50.90% PSI   21.35% Right   13.92% PR   8.38% PRI   4.93% UECI   0.52%

Parliamentary seats Left   66.73% Right   14.96% PR   7.28% PSI   5.71% PRI   4.72% UECI   0.59%

References

1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1047 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
2. Nohlen & Stöver, p1083
3. Nohlen & Stöver, p1031
4. Nohlen & Stöver, p1039