List of state leaders in 1669
This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1669.
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Africa
- Kingdom of Bamum – Ngouloure (1629–1672)
- Kingdom of Dahomey – Houegbadja (1645–1685)
- Ethiopian Empire – Yohannes I (1667–1682)
Asia
- Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) – Narai (1656–1688)
- China (Qing dynasty) – Kangxi Emperor (1662–1722)
- Kingdom of Coorg - Muddu Raja I (1633-1687)
- Empire of Japan –
- Monarch – Reigen (1663–1687)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651–1680)
- Ryukyu Kingdom –
- Monarch – Shō Tei (1669–1709)
- Regent – Shō Shōken, Sessei (1666–1673)
- Kahlur – Bhim Chand, Raja of Kahlur (1665–1692)
- Joseon (Korea) – Hyeonjong (1659–1674)
- Mughal Empire – Aurangzeb (1658–1707)
- Taiwan (Kingdom of Tungning) – Zheng Jing (1662–1681)
Europe
- Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Frederick III (1648–1670)
- Kingdom of England – Charles II (1660–1685)
- Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
- Holy Roman Empire – Leopold I (1658–1705)
- Moldavia – Gheorghe Duca, Voivode of Moldavia (1668–1672)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Mehmed IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
- Grand Vizier – Ahmed Köprülü (1661–1676)
- Papal States – Pope Clement IX (1667–1669)
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki (1669–1673)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves –
- Monarch – Afonso VI (1656–1683)
- Prince-Regent – Peter, Duke of Beja (1668–1683)
- Tsardom of Russia – Aleksey I (1645–1676)
- Duchy of Savoy – Charles Emmanuel II (1638–1675)
- Kingdom of Scotland – Charles II (1660–1685)
- Kingdom of Spain – Charles II (1665–1700)
- Kingdom of Sweden – Charles XI (1660–1697)
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando II de' Medici (1621–1670)
- Principality of Transylvania – Emeric Thököly (1660–1682)
- United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Grand Pensionary of Holland – Johan de Witt (1653–1672)
- Friesland – Hendrik Casimir II, Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen (1664–1696)
- Groningen –
- Hendrik Casimir II, Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen (1664–1696)
- Albertine Agnes van Oranje-Nassau, Regent of Groningen (1664–1673)
- Republic of Venice – Domenico Contarini, Doge of Venice (1659–1674)
- Wallachia –
- Radu Leon, Voivode of Wallachia (1664–1669)
- Antonie Vodă din Popeşti, Voivode of Wallachia (1669–1672)
Middle East and North Africa
- Sultanate of Morocco – Al-Rashid (1666–1672)
- Safavid Empire – Tahmasp I, Shah of Iran (1624–1676)
gollark: sys.argv[0] *should* be it.
gollark: Let's go with "nearly self-modifying".
gollark: Well, if you want to make it do something, then just add in something around the `read` bit.
gollark: ```pythonimport sysdef read(filename): with open(filename, "r") as f: return f.read()def write(filename, data): with open(filename, "w") as f: return f.write(data)this_file = sys.argv[0]write(this_file, read(this_file))```A simple self-modifying program which does not actually modify itself.
gollark: ```pythonsomethingsome other thinga thing```
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