Ă

Ă (upper case) or ă (lower case), usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian language, Vietnamese language and Chuvash language orthographies. In Romanian, it is used to represent the mid-central unrounded vowel, while in Vietnamese it represents the short a sound. It is the second letter of both the Romanian, Vietnamese, and the pre-1972 Malaysian alphabets, after A.

Ă/ă is also used in several languages for transliteration of Bulgarian letter Ъ/ъ.

Romanian

The sound represented in Romanian by ă is a mid-central vowel /ə/, i.e. schwa. Unlike in English, Catalan and French but like in Indonesian, Bulgarian, Albanian and Afrikaans, the vowel can be stressed. There are words in which it is the only vowel, such as "măr" /mər/ (apple) or "văd" /vəd/ (I see). Additionally, some words that also contain other vowels can have the stress on ă like "cărțile" /ˈkərt͡sile/ (the books) and "odăi" /oˈdəj/ (rooms).

Vietnamese

Ă is the 2nd letter of the Vietnamese alphabet and represents /a/. Because Vietnamese is a tonal language this letter may have any one of the 5 tonal symbols above or below it (or even no accent at all, since the Vietnamese first tone is identified by the lack of accent marks). See Vietnamese phonology.

Ằ ằ
Ắ ắ
Ẳ ẳ
Ẵ ẵ
Ặ ặ

Malay

The sound represented in pre-1972 Malaysian orthography by ă is a vowel. It occurred in the middle and final syllable of the root word such "mată" /matə/ (eye) and "diăm" /diʌm/ (quiet) The letter was replaced in 1972 with a in the New Rumi Spelling.

Khmer

Ă used in Khmer romanization, e.g. preăh riăciănaacak kampuciă (Kingdom of Cambodia).

Pronunciation respelling for English

In some systems for Pronunciation respelling for English including American Heritage Dictionary notation, ă represents the short A sound, /æ/.

Character mappings

Character information
Preview	ă		Ă
Unicode name	LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE		LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE
Encodings	decimal	hex	decimal	hex
Unicode	259	U+0103	258	U+0102
UTF-8	196 131	C4 83	196 130	C4 82
Numeric character reference	ă	ă	Ă	Ă
Named character reference	&abreve;		&Abreve;
ISO 8859-1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16	259	103	258	102

gollark: > Maybe you've never thought about this, but if there are 100 devs working for free you'd only need to hire 50 devs to compromise all their code.That's, um, still quite a lot given the large amounts of developers involved, and code review exists, and this kind of conspiracy could *never* stay secret for very long, and if you have an obvious backdoor obvious people are fairly likely to look at it and notice.

gollark: Those are increasingly not working because of better security in stuff, which is probably good.

gollark: There is actually a wikipedia page for that.

gollark: I mean, I got a letter back from some government official, having sent an *email* the week before, which was only tangentially related to what I actually said.

gollark: Well, I complained to my local MP about the UK government complaining about end-to-end encryption, and they basically ignored me.

References

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Ă