Walworth Castle

Walworth Castle is an 11th Century castle, situated at Walworth, near Darlington, County Durham, England. It is a Grade 1 listed building. It was completed around 1600, probably by Thomas Holt for Thomas Jenison. It stands on the site of a former manor house or castle built in the 12th century by the Hansard family. The estate passed through the hands of the Ayscoughs and Aylmers besides the Hansards and Jenisons, and became a prisoner-of-war camp during World War II and then a girls' boarding school after the war. It has been a hotel since 1981.

Walworth Castle. Website - www.walworthcastle.co.uk
South−east corner of Walworth Castle
Location within Durham
General information
TypeManor house
Architectural styleTudor style architecture
LocationWalworth
County Durham, England
Coordinates54.565°N 1.639°W / 54.565; -1.639
Elevation300 feet (91 m)
Construction startedc. 1579
Completedc. 1600
Renovated1740; 1864; 1991; 2000; 2016
ClientThomas Jennison
Technical details
Structural systemLimestone rubble and Welsh slate
Design and construction
ArchitectThomas Holt

History

Hansard and Ayscough families

The present manor house stands on the site of a previous manor house or castle which was built around 1150 by the Hansard family. There is no evidence that the building was ever used for defence. The title to the castle fell into the hands of the House of Neville after the 1349 Black Death, but was reclaimed by Robert Hansard in 1391. The castle then passed to Sir Richard Hansard in 1395, his son Richard in 1454, his grandson Richard in 1466,[1] Sir William Hansard in 1508, Sir William's short−lived son William in 1521, and to William Jr.'s infant daughter Elizabeth Hansard in 1521. In 1539 Elizabeth married Sir Francis Ayscough, so the castle passed to the Ayscough family.[2] In 1563 the castle passed to her son William Ayscough, but because there were no further heirs the castle was sold.[3]

Jenison family

In about 1579 Thomas Jennison, Auditor General of Ireland (d.1579), purchased from the Ascough family the manor of High Walworth.[4] The manor included a manor house or medieval castle on this site;[5] he demolished most of it apart from the medieval south−west tower and built the present castle,[6] whose fabric is still identifiable as 16th century in date. It is thought that Jennison's architect was probably Thomas Holt.[7] In 1586 Jenison died, and his widow Elizabeth née Birch inherited the castle.[3] It was during her ownership that King James VI of Scotland stayed here on 14 May 1603 while travelling to his coronation as king of England.[8][9] It is said that the king knighted her son−in−law George Freville in return for bountiful entertainment at the castle.[3] In 1605 Elizabeth Jenison died and her son William Jenison inherited the castle. It became dilapidated because he did not live there, because he was in debt and because in 1610 and 1612 he was imprisoned for being Roman Catholic.[10] The Jennisons were a strongly Catholic family.[11] In 1679 Francis Jennison sold the estate and emigrated to Europe,[4] possibly because in 1678 Thomas Jenison was accused of involvement in the Popish Plot to assassinate Charles II, arrested by Titus Oates and thrown into Newgate Prison. In 1681 the castle was divided from the rest of the estate and awarded by Chancery to Robert Jenison. In 1687 the castle was reunited with its estate when Ralph Jenison bought the whole estate for £6,205. The castle was searched for arms in 1689 in response to suspicions of a potential rebellion against the Protestants William III and Mary II. Ralph Jenison inherited the castle at the age of 10 years in 1704. He later renovated the castle at great expense, and died in debt, so that the castle was again sold.[10]

Stephenson, Harrison, Aylmer and Eade families

The castle was sold for £16,000 in 1759 to wine merchant Matthew Stephenson, and then to Newcastle merchant John Harrison in 1775. His daughter Ann married Arthur Aylmer, a British Army officer of the 68th Regiment of Foot, later promoted to Lieutenant-General; so it passed to the Aylmer family.[12][13][14][15] After General Aylmer was buried in Heighington in 1831, John Harrison Aylmer inherited the castle. He repaired the roof and replaced previous soldier statues on the towers with pillars topped with balls, to look like the statues. However, in 1868 he, his wife and eldest son were killed in the Abergele rail disaster. His sons Vivian and Edmund, aged 12 and 9 respectively, inherited the castle. Vivian became High Sheriff of Durham and a big game hunter who explored Somaliland and crossed the Horn of Africa in 1885. He died in 1931, and he and his brother were buried in Caerleon. The castle was then sold to General Aylmer's descendants Neville and Charles Eade. In World War II, during the Eades' ownership, the castle was used as a prisoner-of-war camp for 200 men including German and Italian officers, under the command of Major Rollin Holmes.[16] In 1950 Durham County Council bought the castle and it became a girls' boarding school.[12][17]

Hotel ownership

In 1981 the Council sold the castle, they renovated it and then it was opened as an hotel. It is currently part of the Best Western hotels group in the UK.

Castle building
Walworth Castle, south elevation

This Tudor castle, dating from around 1600, is a manor house built of partially rendered limestone rubble, and the roof is of Welsh slate.[7] The west tower is older, and has gunloops, narrow trefoil−headed and round−headed windows.[7] It has a main, south−facing building of five bays and three storeys between two four−storey, round, angle towers,[6] with east and west wings on the north side, making up three sides of a square originally open to the north. However a range of early 19th century buildings on the north side of the square now encloses the courtyard.[7] Until the early 21st century the building contained 17th century glass, which has been removed to the Bowes Museum.[9][18] Some flagstones of unknown date were discovered in situ in the cellar or basement of the castle in 2002.[19] Internal renovation took place in 1740, so that the interior now has important mid−18th century features, such as Palladian plasterwork and Rococo details. In 1864 the main staircase was rebuilt and the west wing was given a new front.[7] It is now a Grade I listed building.[6]

Walworth park

The parkland south of Walworth Castle was originally enclosed demesne land, and as such there is still evidence of ridge and furrow fields.[20] This field system may be associated with the lost settlement at North Farm, Walworth; however a possible enclosure has been identified in the park, close by.[21] That means that besides the lost settlement near the castle at North Farm there could have been a second and possibly sequential lost settlement, or the same settlement was scattered or moved. At the southern edge of the park there is evidence of a U−shaped earthwork which may be associated with the possible enclosure.[22]

Grounds

North of the castle there is a 19th-century set of patched brick and squared stone garden walls, dressed stone gate piers with pyramid−shaped tops and a greenhouse which are listed. The glazed wooden greenhouse has a taller central section with two lower wings.[23] A medal apparently belonging to Thomas Jennison, the 16th century builder of the castle, was found in 1937–1938 during road−widening work on Newton Lane. It was found under the north wall of the castle grounds, and it was engraved with an image of a bridge and Thomas Jennison's name.[24] The 1870 Tudor revival castle lodge and gate is a listed building, because it imitates the medieval battlemented style to match the castle. The lodge and gate piers are both battlemented and the single−storey, L−shaped building has corner towers and rock−faced masonry with ashlar dressing.[25] Huts to the east of the castle have been identified as the possible site of the World War II prisoner-of-war camp.[26] The gardens to the north of the castle, including the glasshouse, were owned separately from the castle grounds and used for market gardening by 2003.[27] They were sold again as a separate unit in 2010.[28]

Walworth Castle today

The building has been open in the past on National Heritage weekends.[29] The castle attracts imaginative stories of ghosts,[30][31] and the hotel business has taken advantage of this in the past at Halloween.[32][33] The castle restaurant used to have variable reviews,[34][35][36] however the restaurant earned a three−star classification from the RAC and AA in 2002.[37] There have been problems with reduction of public transport access to the castle.[38] In 2001 Walworth Castle Hotel became the 100th member to join Darlington and District Business Club.[39] In celebration of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2002, there was a children's fancy dress party at the castle in aid of charity.[40] Further charity fundraising events have been held at the castle including a car boot sale in 2002,[41] and a Butterwick Children's Hospice event in 2003, which included staged Viking marauders.[42][43] In 2007 the castle was lit up with pink light on the evening of Valentine's Day.[44] In 2008 the castle was on the route of the Quaker Triathlon charity event, organised by the local Rotary Club.[45] In 2009 Darlington Education Village, previously Haughton School, held its formal ball at the castle.[46] The building is used as a polling station during elections.[47]

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See also

References
  1. "Best Western: The Castle". The history of Walworth Castle 1050–1508. Best Western. 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  2. Inquisition post mortem of William Hansard Esq., 'Deeds: A.12501 - A.12600', in A Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Deeds: Volume 5, ed. H C Maxwell Lyte (London, 1906), pp. 325-349 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/ancient-deeds/vol5/pp325-349 [accessed 29 January 2016]
  3. "Best Western: The Castle". The history of Walworth Castle 1508–1605. Best Western. 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  4. An Historical ,Topographical and Descriptive View of the County of Durham McKenzie and Ross (1834) p171 Google Books
  5. "Keys to the past". Walworth Castle; site of Medieval castle. (Walworth). DBC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  6. English Heritage: Images of England, listing and architectural details
  7. "Keys to the past". Walworth castle; Listed building (Walworth). DBC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  8. John Nichols, The Progesses, Processions, and Magnificient Festivities, of King James the First, vol. 1 (London, 1828), pp. 76, 82.
  9. "Keys to the past". Walworth (County Durham). DCC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  10. "Best Western: The Castle". The history of Walworth Castle 1605–1759. Best Western. 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  11. Dictionary of National Biography Editor Sidney Lee (2001) p293 Google Books
  12. "Best Western: The Castle". The history of Walworth Castle 1759–present. Best Western. 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
  13. "No. 16390". The London Gazette. 24 July 1810. p. 1094.
  14. "No. 18141". The London Gazette. 28 May 1825. p. 925.
  15. A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Vol I, John Burke (1835) p177 Google Books
  16. "The Northern Echo". A spark of gratitude. 24 March 2005. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  17. "Keys to the past". Walworth Castle Hotel; Archaeological Evaluation (Walworth). DBC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  18. "Keys to the past". Walworth, Castle; late C16 mansion. (Walworth). DCC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  19. "Keys to the past". Walworth Castle flagstones; photographic recording (Walworth). DBC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  20. "Keys to the past". Walworth Park; Medieval parkland (Walworth). DBC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  21. "Keys to the past". Walworth Park; Possible enclosure (Walworth). DBC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  22. "Keys to the past". Walworth; earthworks. (Walworth). DBC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  23. "Keys to the past". Garden walls, gate piers and greenhouse north of w; Listed building (Walworth). DBC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  24. "Keys to the past". Walworth, Castle; medal found. (Walworth). DBC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  25. "Keys to the past". The lodge, linking walls and gate piers to west of; Listed building (Walworth). DBC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  26. "Keys to the past". Walworth Castle; Possible WWII PoW Camp. (Walworth). DBC. 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  27. "The Northern Echo". Caravan set to stay in face of objection. 29 August 2003. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  28. "George F. White". Walworth Castle Gardens, Walworth. 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  29. "The Northern Echo". Take the chance for a rare peek at some of our heritage treasures. 6 September 2000. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  30. Walker, C. (2007). "Hauntedplaces.co.uk". Walworth Castle. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  31. Keeton, Ralph (2004–2009). "Exorcisms.co.uk". A 'Castle' Exorcism on Film for Sony Pictures USA. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  32. "The Northern Echo". Now be afraid, be very afraid. 31 October 2001. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  33. "The Northern Echo". Castle offers visitors a very spooky supper. 27 October 2001. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  34. "The Northern Echo". The peasants were not impressed. 6 June 2001. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  35. "The Northern Echo". Hassle Castle under attack. 27 June 2006. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  36. "The Niorthern Echo". Letters: July 7, 2006. 7 July 2006. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  37. "The Northern Echo". Three-star accolade for hotel and restaurant. 3 April 2002. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  38. "The Northern Echo". Bus changes posing threat to hotel jobs. 19 July 2003. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  39. "The Northern Echo". Club celebrates as membership hits 100. 2 August 2001. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  40. "The Northern Echo". Ready to celebrate the golden jubilee. 31 May 2002. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  41. "The Northern Echo". News in brief: Landlords have advice to hand. 30 May 2002. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  42. "The Northern Echo". Castle to hold displays. 16 May 2003. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  43. "The Northern Echo". Castle takes visitors back to the past. 27 May 2003. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  44. "The Northern Echo". Castle thinks pink to get in the mood for love. 15 February 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  45. "The Northern Echo". Triathlon group aims to raise £4,000 at event. 16 May 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  46. "The Northern Echo". Education Village pupils have a ball. 8 July 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  47. "The Northern Echo". All quiet in hotel that had to cancel offer. 8 June 2001. Retrieved 14 April 2010.

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