Uniting American Families Act

The Uniting American Families Act (UAFA, H.R. 519, S. 296) is a U.S. bill to amend the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 to eliminate discrimination in immigration by permitting permanent partners of United States citizens and of lawful permanent residents to obtain lawful permanent resident status in the same manner as spouses of citizens and of lawful permanent residents and to penalize immigration fraud in connection with permanent partnerships.[1][2] If the partnership ends within two years, the sponsored partner's immigrant status would be subject to review.[3]

Uniting American Families Act
Legislative history
Bill citationH.R. 519
S. 296
Bill published onFebruary 5, 2013
Introduced byRep. Jerry Nadler (D-NY)
Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT)
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LGBT rights
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Overview
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Uniting American Families Act of 2013
Full titleTo amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to promote family unity, and for other purposes.
Introduced in113th United States Congress
Introduced onFebruary 5, 2013
Sponsored byRep. Jerrold Nadler (D, NY-10)
Number of co-sponsors16
Effects and codifications
Act(s) affectedCuban Adjustment Act, Cuban Refugee Adjustment Act, Immigration and Nationality Act, LIFE Act, Miscellaneous Appropriations Act, 2001
Agencies affectedDepartment of Homeland Security,
Legislative history

Beginning in the 111th Congress, the full text of UAFA, further expanded to provide rights to the children or stepchildren of the foreign-born partner, has been included as Title II of the Reuniting Families Act (H.R. 717), an immigration reform bill, last introduced in the United States House of Representatives on February 14, 2013, by California Congressman Michael Honda (D-CA).[4][5]

UAFA was introduced on February 13, 2013, in the United States Senate by Vermont Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT)[6] and in the United States House of Representatives by New York Congressman Jerrold Nadler (D-NY).[7] The Senate version has 29 cosponsors.[8] The Senate legislation has been referred to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary.[9] Most of the cosponsors are Democrats and there is little Republican support for the legislation.[10] The 2013 bill was cosponsored by Republican Congressmen Charlie Dent and Richard L. Hanna.

There are an estimated 36,000 same-sex binational couples in 2000, according to the Census, who could benefit from this act.[3]

Definitions of Permanent Partner and Permanent Partnership

UAFA includes the following definitions:[11]

The term "permanent partner" means an individual 18 years of age or older who--

(A) is in a committed, intimate relationship with another individual 18 years of age or older in which both parties intend a lifelong commitment;
(B) is financially interdependent with that other individual;
(C) is not married to or in a permanent partnership with anyone other than that other individual;
(D) is unable to contract with that other individual a marriage cognizable under this Act; and
(E) is not a first, second, or third degree blood relation of that other individual.

The term "permanent partnership" means the relationship that exists between two permanent partners.

Legislative history
Congress Short title Bill number(s) Date introduced Sponsor # of cosponsors (excluding sponsor) Latest status
106th Congress Permanent Partners Immigration Act of 2000 H.R. 3650 February 14, 2000 Rep. Jerry Nadler (D-NY) 59 Died in House Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims
107th Congress Permanent Partners Immigration Act of 2001 H.R. 690 February 14, 2001 Rep. Jerry Nadler (D-NY) 106 Died in House Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims
108th Congress Permanent Partners Immigration Act of 2003 H.R. 832 February 13, 2003 Rep. Jerry Nadler (D-NY) 129 Died in House Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security and Claims
S. 1510 July 31, 2003 Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT) 12 Died in Senate Judiciary Committee
109th Congress Permanent Partners Immigration Act
Uniting American Families Act		 H.R. 3006 June 21, 2005 Rep. Jerry Nadler (D-NY) 115 Died in House Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims
S. 1278 June 21, 2005 Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT) 13 Died in Senate Judiciary Committee
110th Congress Uniting American Families Act of 2007 H.R. 2221 May 8, 2007 Rep. Jerry Nadler (D-NY) 118 Died in House Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law
S. 1328 May 8, 2007 Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT) 18 Died in Senate Judiciary Committee
111th Congress Uniting American Families Act of 2009 H.R. 1024 February 12, 2009 Rep. Jerry Nadler (D-NY) 135 Died in House Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law
S. 424 February 12, 2009 Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT) 25 Died in Senate Judiciary Committee
Reuniting Families Act
(Title II: Uniting American Families Act)		 H.R. 2709 June 4, 2009 Rep. Michael Honda (D-CA) 81 Died in House Judiciary Committee
112th Congress Uniting American Families Act of 2011 H.R. 1537 April 14, 2011 Rep. Jerry Nadler (D-NY) 144 Died in House Judiciary Committee.
S. 821 April 14, 2011 Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT) 29 Died in Senate Judiciary Committee
Reuniting Families Act
(Title II: Uniting American Families Act)		 H.R. 1796 May 6, 2011 Rep. Michael Honda (D-CA) 78 Died in House Judiciary Committee.
113th Congress Uniting American Families Act of 2013 H.R. 519 February 5, 2013 Rep. Jerry Nadler (D-NY) 139 Referred to the House Judiciary Committee.
S. 296 February 13, 2013 Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT) 30 Referred to Senate Judiciary Committee
Reuniting Families Act
(Title II: Uniting American Families Act)		 H.R. 717 February 14, 2013 Rep. Michael Honda (D-CA) 68 Referred to House Judiciary Committee.

In the House of Representatives the bill was referred to the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law.[12] This subcommittee has sixteen members including the Chairman Zoe Lofgren (D-CA) and ranking member Representative Steve King (R-IA). The subcommittee consists of representatives from the states of California, Texas, Illinois, Utah, Iowa, Mississippi, New York and Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi (D) from Puerto Rico. The subcommittee has six Republicans and ten Democrats on board.[13]

In the Senate the bill was referred to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary which consists of nineteen members which includes Chairman Patrick Leahy (D-VT) who re-introduced the bill and Ranking Member Senator Jefferson Sessions (R-AL). The committee consists of seven Republican Senators and twelve Democratic Senators. The Representatives on the committee come from seventeen different states; this differs vastly from the subcommittee to which the House of Representatives bill has been referred to.[14] Senator Patrick Leahy held a hearing on the bill on June 3, 2009.[15] The hearing was the first-ever hearing on the Uniting American Families Act. In the opinion of the national organization, Immigration Equality, the hearing was a fundamental and important first step for bringing UAFA into comprehensive immigration reform.[16]

On December 15, 2009, Congressman Luis Gutiérrez (D-IL) introduced his comprehensive immigration reform bill, H.R. 4321, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform for America's Security and Prosperity Act of 2009 (CIR ASAP Act). Initially, it did not include UAFA, which upset many gay rights activists.[17] However, on July 15, 2010, Congressman Gutiérrez announced, "provisions of UAFA must be part of any comprehensive immigration reform bill."[18] Senator Charles Schumer wrote a letter to his LGBT constituency in March 2010 indicating that he is currently working with colleagues of both parties to work on comprehensive immigration reform. This comprehensive immigration reform, which in Senator Schumer's mind is more effective than "piecemeal legislation", will address the issue in the Uniting American Families Act.[19] An important political issue with UAFA revolves around the principle of family reunification; many conservatives do not want to be seen as anti-family reunification, especially with the growing Latino voter base.[17] Of note, is the fact that forty percent of LGBT binational couples in the United States include a Latino family member.[20]

Effects of Obergefell v. Hodges Supreme Court decision

In response to Obergefell v. Hodges Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano issued a statement on July 1, 2013 clarifying that LGBT spouses and fiancés would henceforth be treated the same as heterosexual couples for immigration purposes.[21] This eliminated the need for a stand alone bill.

Support for Uniting American Families Act

The support for the Uniting American Families Act has increased in the House of Representatives, but much less so in the Senate.[3] Organizations such as the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) and Immigration Equality, both supporters of LGBT rights legislation, support the bill. The HRC points out that the process for sponsoring a partner will have the same requirements that opposite-sex couples face. HRC also reports that 22 countries recognize same-sex couples under immigration law, including France, Germany, Israel, and the United Kingdom, among others.[22] The American Civil Liberties Union wrote in a letter of support for UAFA to senators that the bill does not provide special benefits for same-sex couples, but provides equal sponsorship. The ACLU also mentions that the bill follows traditional family reunification principles in immigration law that are already commonplace in various countries.[23] The Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF) supports UAFA and asks that comprehensive immigration reform include lesbian and gay immigrants.[24]

Several corporations and organizations, such as Intel Corporation and the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union, have expressed support for the bill.[3] The Immigration Equality website has a list of organizations, labor unions, civil rights groups, religious institutions, and businesses that support the bill including Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays, the U.S. Conference of Mayors, League of United Latin American Citizens, American Bar Association, American Airlines and the American Jewish Committee.[25]

Opposition to Uniting American Families Act

Opponents believe that UAFA could open up the doors for Illegal immigration even though it would penalize those who attempt to evade immigration law. They believe that it will be hard for immigration officers to actually determine whether the partnership is long-term and permanent.[26] The Center for Immigration Studies does not support the bill because, in their opinion, it does not provide a reliable measure for indicating who is in a long-term committed partnership.[27] While previously supporting family reunification legislation, such as H.R. 6638, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops does not support the inclusion of the Uniting American Families Act in a larger bill or standing on its own.[28] National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference's (NHCLC) leader Reverend Samuel Rodriguez predicts that the wide and strong support that the NHCLC has garnered for comprehensive immigration reform will be lost if same-sex couples are to benefit from the reform.[27]

Roy Beck, the founder and CEO of NumbersUSA, an which works for lower immigration levels, opposed the Act.[29]

Coverage of different-sex couples

The bill's language applies only to applicable LGBT individuals and excludes different-sex couples from becoming permanent partners under its provisions.[30] Same-sex couples with valid marriage certificates are prohibited from being considered "married" under this act and can only apply for visas as permanent partners. Due to the inability to be recognized as married partners under this act, the act then allows individuals who have had the opportunity in other states and countries to be married, but have chosen not to, the same immigration rights as those who have pursued marriage.[30]

Although the bill is designed to align the rights of same-sex couples with those of different-sex couples, binational same-sex couples are unlikely to resemble different-sex couples. This could be due to international immigration law, especially in the case of financial interdependence if certain countries require finances to be kept separate in these cases, thus already excluding some couples and asking more than what different-sex couples must prove.

gollark: ++magic py ```pythonif bot.voice: await bot.voice.disconnect()bot.voice = await ctx.author.voice.channel.connect()source = discord.FFmpegOpusAudio("http://localhost:7778/", args=["-c", "copy"])bot.voice.play(source)```
gollark: ++magic py ```pythonif bot.voice: await bot.voice.disconnect()bot.voice = await ctx.author.voice.channel.connect()source = discord.FFmpegPCMAudio("http://localhost:7778/")bot.voice.play(source)```
gollark: ++magic py ```pythonif bot.voice: await bot.voice.disconnect()```
gollark: ++magic py ```pythonif bot.voice: await bot.voice.disconnect()bot.voice = await ctx.author.voice.channel.connect()source = discord.FFmpegAudio("http://localhost:7778/", args=["-ac", "1", "-b:a", "64k"])bot.voice.play(source)```
gollark: ++magic py ```pythonif bot.voice: await bot.voice.disconnect()bot.voice = await ctx.author.voice.channel.connect()source = discord.FFmpegAudio("http://localhost:7778/", args=["-c", "copy"])bot.voice.play(source)```

References
  1. H.R. 519
  2. S. 296
  3. C.S. Muncy (July 7, 2005). "Uniting American Families Act reintroduced last month". Gay and Lesbian Times.
  4. , Title II - Uniting American Families Act.
  5. H.R. 717
  6. Senator Patrick Leahy (February 13, 2013). Press Release.
  7. Representative Jerrold Nadler (February 5, 2013). Press Release.
  8. U.S. Senate. 113th Congress, 1st Session. op. cit., see Cosponsors.
  9. http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=s113-296
  10. National Journal: David Gauvey Herbert, "Uniting American Families Act," October 27, 2010, accessed March 5, 2012
  11. U.S. House. 113th Congress, 1st Session. op. cit., see Text of Legislation, Sec. 2.
  12. http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h111-1024
  13. http://judiciary.house.gov/about/subimmigration.html
  14. http://www.govtrack.us/congress/committee.xpd?id=SSJU
  15. http://judiciary.senate.gov/hearings/hearing.cfm?id=3876
  16. http://immigrationequality.org/blog/?p=904
  17. Lawrence, Stewart J (April 18, 2010). "US immigration's gay rights divide". The Guardian. London.
  18. http://www.gutierrez.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=600:rep-gutierrez-uafa-provisions-must-be-part-of-any-comprehensive-immigration-reform-bill&catid=43:2010-press-releases
  19. http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2010/03/18/Schumer_Signals_UAFA_Inclusion/
  20. http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2010/04/29/Arizona_Law_Bad_for_Gay_Binational_Couples/
  21. https://www.uscis.gov/family/same-sex-marriages
  22. Human Rights Campaign: "Talking Points: The Uniting American Families Act" Archived July 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, accessed March 5, 2012
  23. https://www.aclu.org/lgbt-rights_hiv-aids/aclu-letter-senate-united-american-families-act
  24. http://www.sdgln.com/causes/2010/02/05/thomas-saenz-president-maldef-creating-change
  25. http://immigrationequalityactionfund.org/legislation/endorsements/
  26. Preston, Julia (June 3, 2009). "Bill Proposes Immigration Rights for Gay Couples". The New York Times.
  27. Melloy, Kilian (June 3, 2009). "Effort to Include Gay Partners Threatens Immigration Bill". Edge Boston.
  28. http://www.usccb.org/comm/archives/2009/09-122.shtml
  29. Beck, Roy (June 3, 2009). "My Testimony Today to Senate Judiciary Committee Asks Decisions Be Made In National Interest -- Not For Special Interests". Numbers USA.
  30. Timothy R. Carraher, "Some Suggestions for the UAFA: A Bill for Same-Sex Binational Couples," Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy, vol. 4 (Winter 2009), available online, accessed March 5, 2012
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