Timeline of Mashhad

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mashhad, Iran.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 20th century
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  • 818 - Death of Ali al-Ridha (8th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam) at Sanābādh; Imam Reza shrine established.[1]
  • 970s-990s - Imam Reza shrine demolished "in an act of fanaticism" by Ghaznavid Nāṣer-al-dawla Sübüktigin.[2]
  • 1009 - Imam Reza shrine rebuilt.[2]
  • 1121 - Town wall built.[1]
  • 1161 - Mashhad sacked by Ghuzz Turks.[1]
  • 1389 - Nearby Tus besieged and "left a heap of ruins" by forces of Timurid Miran Shah; refugees flee to Mashhad.[1]
  • 1418 - Goharshad Mosque built.[3]
  • 1426 - Bala-yi sar madrasa built at the Imam Reza shrine.[3]
  • 1439 - Du-dar madrasa built at the Imam Reza shrine.[3]
  • 1501 - Twelver Shia Islam declared official state religion in Iran, a development beneficial to Mashhad as a holy city (approximate date).[1][4]
  • 1507 - Mashhad taken by forces of Uzbek Muhammad Shaybani.[1]
  • 1544 - Mashhad sacked by Uzbek forces.[1]
  • 1589 - Mashhad besieged by forces of Shaybanid Abd al-Mumin.[1]
  • 1598 - Mashhad taken by forces of Abbas I of Persia; Uzbeks defeated.[1]
  • 1722 - Afghan Abdalis in power.[1]
  • 1726 - Mashhad besieged by Persian forces.[1]
  • 1753 - Mashhad besieged by forces of Afghan Ahmad Shah Durrani.[1]
  • 1803 - Mashhad besieged by forces of Fath Ali Shah.[1]
  • 1849 - Mashhad taken by forces of Husam al-Saltana.[5]
  • 1876 - Palace of Abbas Mirza built.[5]

20th century
  • 1912 - 29 March: Bombing of city by Russians.[5]
  • 1918
    • Mashhad municipality (administrative entity) formed.[6]
    • Kashef al-molk becomes mayor.[6]
  • 1920 - Population: 70,000-80,000 (approximate estimate).[7]
  • 1925 / 1304 SH - 31 March: Solar Hijri calendar legally adopted in Iran.
  • 1949 - Razavi University established.
  • 1959 - Nader Shah Mausoleum erected.[8]
  • 1963 - Population: 312,186 (estimate).[9]
  • 1964 - Astan Quds Razavi Central Museum inaugurated.
  • 1966 - Mashhad railway station opens.
  • 1968 - سینما هویزه (cinema) established.
  • 1970 - سینما قدس (مشهد) (cinema) established.
  • 1971 - سینما آفریقا (مشهد) (cinema) established.
  • 1980 - باغ‌وحش وکیل‌آباد (zoo) established.
  • 1982 - Population: 1,120,000 (estimate).[10]
  • 1983 - Samen Stadium opens.
  • 1995 - Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi new building opens.
  • 1996 - Population: 1,887,405.[11]

21st century
gollark: Pagination is π effort, where π = 7.03.
gollark: Oh, I see. Well, I generally don't add paging to my projects as they do not deal with enough data.
gollark: Yes, it's much more elegant to just arbitrarily mix raw database queries into all your user-facing view stuff.
gollark: I decided to not do that since it's annoying, which is why I'm *multitasking* by doing maths work and discord simultaneously*.* not simultaneously
gollark: Sign up for osmarks.tk™ time management, where every day I ask you if you did/didn't do a thing, and if you did not do what you committed to doing, I will slander you in every discord server/other place ever.

See also

References
  1. Bosworth 2007.
  2. Mawlawī 2011.
  3. Massumeh Farhad. "Mashhad". Oxford Art Online. Missing or empty |url= (help) Retrieved 9 February 2017
  4. John H. Lorentz (2010). A to Z of Iran. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7638-5.
  5. Streck 1934.
  6. "Mashhad Municipality Portal". Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  7. "Persia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust. Meshed
  8. "City: Mashhad, Iran". ArchNet. MIT Libraries. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  9. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
  10. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
  11. "Countries of the World: Iran". Statesman's Yearbook 2003. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 978-0-333-98096-5.
  12. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.

This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

in other languages

  • Muhammad Hasan Khan Sani al-Dawla, Matla' al-shams (in Persian), Tehran, OCLC 45141226 1883-1885
  • M. P. Pagnini Alberti (1971), Strutture commerciali di una città di pelligrinaggio: Mashhad (Iran nord-orientale) (in Italian), Università degli Studi di Trieste, Istituto de Geografia, OCLC 492722329
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