Timeline of Budapest

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Budapest, Hungary.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

ending in the invasion

Before 19th century

See also: Pest, Buda and Óbuda

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  • B.C.  - Neolithic, Chalcolithic-, Bronze and Iron Age cultures, Celtic and Eravisci settlements on present day Budapest.
  • 1st century CE - Romans found the settlements known as Aquincum, Contra-Aquincum and Campona. Aquincum becomes the largest town of the Danubian region and one of the capitals of Pannonia.[1]
  • 5th century - The Age of Huns.[1] King Attila builds a city for himself here according to later chronicles. After his death, the sons of his brother Mundzuk (Hungarian: Bendegúz, Turkish: Boncuk), Attila and Bleda (Hungarian: Buda), in control of the united Hun tribes.
  • 896 - Following the foundation of Hungary, Árpád, leader of the Hungarians, settles in the "Town of Attila", usually identified as Aquincum.
  • 10th century - Out of the seven to ten Hungarian tribes, four have settlements in the territory of modern Budapest: Megyer, Keszi, Jenő and Nyék.
  • 1015 - Saint Stephen church established (approximate date).
  • 1046 - Bishop Gerard of Csanád dies at the hands of pagans on present-day Gellért Hill.
  • 1241 - Mongol invasions destroy both towns.[1]
  • 1248 - King Béla IV builds the first royal castle on Castle Hill, Buda.[1] The new town adopts the name of Buda from the earlier one (present day Óbuda). Pest is surrounded by city walls.
  • 1255 - Matthias Church reconstruction begins.
  • 1270 - Saint Margaret of Hungary dies in a cloister on the Isle of Rabbits (present day Margaret Island).
  • 1458 - The noblemen of Hungary elect Matthias Corvinus (in Latin) or Hunyadi Mátyás (in Hungarian) as king on the ice of the Danube. Under his reign Buda becomes a main hub of European Renaissance. He dies in 1490, after capturing Vienna in 1485.
  • 1472 - Printing press established in Buda.[2]
  • 1526 - 26 November: Buda taken by forces of Ottman Suleyman.[1][3]
  • 1530 - Siege of Buda (1530).
  • 1540 - Siege of Buda (1540).
  • 1541
  • 1542 - Siege of Pest.[1]
  • 1550 - Rudas Baths built.
  • 1566 - Sokollu Mustafa Pasha becomes Pasha of Buda.[1]
  • 1602 - An unsuccessful assault on Budapest under Field Marshal Hermann Christof von Russwurm (2 October - 15 November 1602).[5]
  • 1686 - Battle of Buda (1686).[1] Buda and Pest are reconquered from the Turks with Habsburg leadership. Both towns are destroyed completely in the battles.[3]
  • 1690s - Resettlement, initially only a few hundred German settlers.
  • 1771 - Citadel built in Buda.[6]
  • 1773 - Election of the first Mayor of Pest.
  • 1777 - Maria Theresa of Austria moves Nagyszombat University to Castle Hill in Buda.[6]
  • 1783 - Joseph II places the acting government (Helytartótanács) and Magyar Kamara on Buda.
  • 1795 - 20 May - Ignác Martinovics and other Jacobin leaders are executed on Vérmező or 'The Field of Blood'.

19th century
See also: History of Budapest in the 19th century
  • 1810 - A fire in the Tabán district.
  • 1811 - City Park laid out in Pest.
  • 1823 - Fasori Gimnázium (school) founded.
  • 1825 - Commencement of the Reform Era. Pest becomes the cultural and economic centre of the country. The first National Theatre is built, along with the Hungarian National Museum.
  • 1830 - Steamboat to Vienna begins operating.[7]
  • 1833 - Vigadó Concert Hall opens in Pest.
  • 1836 - Pest-Buda Musical Association founded.
  • 1838 - 1838 Pest flood.[8] The biggest flood in recent memory in March completely inundates Pest.
  • 1839 - Industrial flour mill begins operating.[9]
  • 1844 - Ganz Works iron foundry in business in Buda.
  • 1846
    • Vác-Budapest railway begins operating.[9]
    • Railway station built.[10]
  • 1848 - 15 March - Start of the Revolution and War of Independence of 1848-49. Pest replaces Pozsony/Pressburg (Bratislava) as the new capital of Hungary and seat of the Batthyány government and the Parliament.
  • 1849
    • 5 January: Austrians occupy the city.[7]
    • April: Hungarian Honvédsereg (Army of National Defense) reclaims city,[11] taking the fortress of Buda on May 21 after an 18-day Battle of Buda (1849).
    • July: Habsburg army again captures the two towns.[7]
    • 6 October - Lajos Batthyány, the first Hungarian Prime Minister is executed on the present-day Szabadság tér.[7]
    • Széchenyi Lánchíd, or Széchenyi Chain Bridge, the first permanent bridge across the Danube in Budapest was opened linking Buda (West bank) and Pest (East bank).[6]
  • 1853 - Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra founded.[12]
  • 1857 - Pest Academy of Commerce founded.
  • 1859 - Dohány Street Synagogue consecrated in Pest.[13]
  • 1860 - Raitzenbad (bath) rebuilt.[14][15]
  • 1864 - Vigadó Concert Hall built.[10]
  • 1865
  • 1867
  • 1868
    • Municipal council established in Pest.[17]
    • Borsszem Jankó humor magazine headquartered in Pest.[16]
    • Leopold Basilica built in Pest.[6]
  • 1869
  • 1870
    • Közmunkatanács (metro planning entity) established.[18]
    • Zagreb-Budapest railway begins operating.[9]
    • Café Gerbeaud moves to Régi Színház Square.
  • 1872

1873–1900

20th century
See also: History of Budapest in the 20th century

1901–1945
  • 1901
    • 21 December: Economic unrest.[3]
    • Postal Savings Bank built.[10]
    • Gödöllö artists' colony founded near city.[26]
  • 1902
  • 1903
  • 1904 - Thalia Theatre opens.[27]
  • 1905 - Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest) built.[14]
  • 1906
  • 1908 - Nyugat literary magazine begins publication.[28]
  • 1909
  • 1909–1910 - Electric public lighting expanded to the suburbs, the nearby towns villages had Electric public lighting.
  • 1910
    • Population: The census finds 880,000 people in Budapest and 55,000 in the largest suburb of Újpest (now part of Budapest). The religious make-up was 60.9% Catholic, 23.1% Jewish, 9.9% Calvinist and 5.0% Lutheran. Újpest was 65.9% Catholic, 18.4% Jewish, 9.7% Calvinist and 4.5% Lutheran. The percentage of ethnic Germans was 9.0% in Budapest and 5.7% in Újpest, while 2.3% of the population claimed to be Slovak.[30]
  • 1913 - Bozsik Stadion (stadium) built.
  • 1915 - A Tett cultural magazine begins publication.[26]
  • 1916 - Helios cinema[31] and Magyar Zsidó Museum[32] open.
  • 1918
    • 31 October: Socialist Aster Revolution begins.[33] Revolution and the 133 days of the Hungarian Republic of Councils (March–August 1919) under the leadership of Béla Kun. It is the first Communist government to be formed in Europe after the October Revolution in Russia.
  • 1919
    • 21 March: City becomes capital of the Hungarian Soviet Republic.[33]
    • 6 August: French-supported Romanian forces enter city.[34] The Communist government collapsed and its leaders fled. In retaliation for the Red Terror, reactionary crews now exacted revenge in a two-year wave of violent repression known today as the White Terror.
    • 1 November: Budapest becomes capital of the Hungarian Democratic Republic, established by Mihály Károlyi.[34]
    • 14 November: Romanian occupation ends.[34]
    • 16 November: Miklós Horthy and National Army enter Budapest;[35] regency government established in 1920.
  • 1921 - Magyar Írás newspaper begins publication.
  • 1924 - Hungarian National Bank is founded.
  • 1925 - Hungarian Radio commences broadcasting.
  • 1926
    • Corvin Áruház (shop) in business on Blaha Lujza tér.
    • Forum Cinema active.[31]
  • 1930 - Population: 1,442,869.
  • 1933
    • Disassembly of the Tabán commences.
    • April: National Socialist demonstrations.[34]
  • 1937 - Petőfi Bridge built.
  • 1938
    • Magyar Optical Works active.
    • Barlang cinema opens.[31]
  • 1944
    • 19 March - German forces occupy Budapest. At the time of the occupation, there were 184,000 Jews and between 65,000 and 80,000 Christians of Jewish descent in the town. The Arrow Cross collaborated with the Germans in murdering Jews. Fewer than half of Budapest's Jews (approximately 119,000) survived the following 11 months.
    • 3 November: Budapest Offensive by Soviet forces begins.[34]
    • 26 December: Siege of Budapest begins.
  • 1945
    • 15–18 January: Soviet and Romanian troops besiege Budapest. The retreating Germans destroy all Danube bridges. On 18 January, the soviets complete the occupation of Pest.
    • 13 February: The Buda castle falls; Siege of Budapest ends.[11][34] World War II took the lives of close to 200,000 Budapest residents and caused widespread damage to the buildings of the city.

1946–1990s

21st century
  • 2001 - December: International academics meet in Budapest, formulate "Open Access" statement.
  • 2002
  • 2004
  • 2006
    • September–October: Anti-government protests in Kossuth Lajos square.[42][44]
    • Budapest Fringe Festival begins.
    • 200 km of the 1000 km road in capital level local government handling is reconstructed after 80 km in the former year. The world's longest trams, Siemens Combino Supras start service on Grand Boulevard, by the end of the year 150 Volvo 7700 buses take part in replacing the aging BKV fleet. Reconstruction of metro line 2 finishes.
  • 2008
    • The Eastern part of the M0 motorway around the city with Megyeri Bridge is finished and given to public. The new Northern Railway Bridge is finished and is opened to public.
    • By this year 400 km road [45] have been reconstructed due to the road reconstruction program paired with pipe (heating and water) replacements to modern, narrow and heat-conserving ones, and where needed sewer system expansion or replacement.
  • 2009 - The 2007-2009 complete reconstruction of Liberty Bridge[46] finishes.
  • 2010
    • István Tarlós becomes mayor.
    • The Central Wastewater Treatment Plant starts its normal operation. This increases biologically treated sewage from 51% to 100%.
  • 2011
    • The 2009-2011 complete and historical reconstruction of Margaret Bridge[47] finishes.
    • Population: 1,729,040 city; 3,284,110 metro.
  • 2012 - Protest related to new Constitution of Hungary.[42]
  • 2014
  • 2015 - September: Demonstration by migrants.[48]
  • 2016 - March: Share of modern, air conditioned low-floor buses increases over 80%.[49]
gollark: They require signs on them, to display the limit violations.
gollark: Satan is indeed my cat.
gollark: Make sure to get the raw URL.
gollark: Yep!
gollark: It also attacks mobs.

See also

References
  1. David 2009.
  2. Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Austria-Hungary: Buda-Pest". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company – via HathiTrust.
  3. Haydn 1910.
  4. Overall 1870.
  5. Ferenc Szakály, "The Early Ottoman Period, Including Royal Hungary, 1526-1606", in A History of Hungary, edited by Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák, Tibor Frank (Indiana University Press, 1994), p. 97: "In both 1602 and 1603, imperial troops under general Hermann Russwurm tried unsuccessfully to attack Buda."
  6. Chambers 1901.
  7. Charles E. Little (1900), "Austria-Hungary", Cyclopedia of Classified Dates, New York: Funk & Wagnalls
  8. Eggenberger 1870.
  9. David Turnock (2006). Eastern European Economy, 1800-2000: Stages of Transformation in a Peripheral Region. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-67876-1.
  10. Nemes 2009.
  11. Eric Roman (2003). "Chronologies". Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide. Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-7469-3.
  12. Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
  13. Büchler 1907.
  14. Britannica 1910.
  15. Heksch 1895.
  16. Albert Tezla (1970). Hungarian Authors; a Bibliographical Handbook. Harvard University Press. p. 697. ISBN 978-0-674-42650-4.
  17. Shaw 1897.
  18. Lukacs 2012.
  19. Metro-Roland 2012.
  20. Agata Anna Lisiak (2010). Urban Cultures in (Post)colonial Central Europe. Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-573-3. (about Berlin, Budapest, Prague, Warsaw)
  21. Thirring Gusztáv (1908). Budapest székesfőváros statisztikai es kőzigazgatási évkönyve ... 1906 [Budapest statistical and administrative yearbook] (in Hungarian). Budapest.
  22. A. de Chambure (1914). "La presse etrangere: Autriche-Hongrie". A travers la presse (in French). Paris: Fert, Albouy & cie.
  23. "Treasures of Budapest - 125 Years of the Budapest History Museum (timeline)". Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  24. Hourihane 2012.
  25. "History". Uránia Nemzeti Filmszínház. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  26. "Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  27. John Cunningham (2004). Hungarian Cinema: from Coffee House to Multiplex. Wallflower Press. ISBN 978-1-903364-79-6.
  28. Fenyo 1987.
  29. Eugene Brogyanyi (1995). "Hungary". In Martin Banham (ed.). Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43437-9.
  30. Történelmi Magyarország atlasza és adattára 1914, Budapest, 2001
  31. "Movie Theaters in Budapest, Hungary". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  32. "Budapest". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  33. Nagy 2002.
  34. "Reference Sources: League of Nations Timeline". Geneva: League of Nations Archives. Retrieved 28 February 2015 – via Indiana University, Center for the Study of Global Change.
  35. Deák 1968.
  36. Bodnár 1998.
  37. "Budapest (Hungary) -- Newspapers". Global Resources Network. Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  38. Bodnár 2001.
  39. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
  40. Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
  41. "Budapest". UNESCO. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  42. "Hungary Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  43. Donald Kenrick (2007). "Chronology of Gypsy History". Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6440-5.
  44. Adrian Webb (2008). "Key Events since the Fall of Communism". Routledge Companion to Central and Eastern Europe Since 1919. Routledge. pp. 96–112. ISBN 978-1-134-06521-9.
  45. "Road Reconstruction Portal". Official Webpage of the Local Government of Budapest.
  46. "Article on Infrastructural Investments". Official Webpage of the Local Government of Budapest.
  47. "News on the reconstruction of Margaret Bridge". Official Webpage of the Local Government of Budapest. 2008-06-10.
  48. Migrants protest as Hungary shutters Budapest train station, Reuters, 1 September 2015
  49. "The ratio of low-floor buses grows higher in Budapest". Official site of Municipality of Budapest. 2016-03-01.

This article incorporates information from the Hungarian Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography
See also: History of Budapest § Further reading

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