Buda

Buda (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbudɒ]; German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Serbian: Будим, Czech and Slovak: Budín, Turkish: Budin) was the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1873 has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the west bank of the Danube. Buda comprises a third of Budapest's total territory and is in fact mostly wooded. Landmarks include Buda Castle, the Citadella, and the President of Hungary's residence, Sándor Palace.

"Ofen" redirects here. For the pass, see Fuorn Pass. For other uses, see Buda (disambiguation).
"Budin" redirects here. For the Filipino cassava cake, see Cassava cake.
Not to be confused with Buddha.
Buda in the Middle Ages

Demographics
Flag of Buda before 1873.[1]
Historical coat of arms of Buda, used between 1703–1873.[1]

The Buda fortress and palace were built by King Béla IV of Hungary in 1247, and were the nucleus round which the town of Buda was built, which soon gained great importance, and became in 1361 the capital of Hungary.[2]

While Pest was mostly Hungarian in the 15th century, Buda had a German majority;[3] however according to the Hungarian Royal Treasury, it had a Hungarian majority with a sizeable German minority in 1495.[4] Buda became part of Ottoman-ruled central Hungary from 1541 to 1686. It was the capital of the province of Budin during the Ottoman era. By the middle of the seventeenth century Buda had become majority Muslim, largely resulting from an influx of Balkan Muslims.[5]

In 1686, two years after the unsuccessful siege of Buda, a renewed European campaign was started to enter Buda, which was formerly the capital of medieval Hungary. This time, the Holy League's army was twice as large, containing over 74,000 men, including German, Dutch, Hungarian, English, Spanish, Czech, French, Croat, Burgundian, Danish and Swedish soldiers, along with other Europeans as volunteers, artillerymen, and officers, the Christian forces reconquered Buda (see Siege of Buda).

After the reconquest of Buda, bourgeoisie from different parts of southern Germany moved into the almost deserted city. Germans — also clinging to their language — partly crowded out, partly assimilated the Hungarians and Serbians they had found here.[3] As the rural population moved into Buda, in the 19th century slowly Hungarians became the majority there.

Notable residents

Twin cities
  • Mary Magdalene Church, Buda
  • Országház utca (= Parliament Street)
  • Buda Main Plaza
  • Arany Hordó Inn
  • Old Parliament Inn
  • Tárnok utca (= Treasury Street)
gollark: I mean, yes, a good programmer probably *can* get anything done in any language, but some are just worse to work in.
gollark: Hmmmm... no.
gollark: There is much more detailing its many problems.
gollark: That's just a sort of preambley bit.
gollark: ```I can’t even say what’s wrong with PHP, because— okay. Imagine youhave uh, a toolbox. A set of tools. Looks okay, standard stuff inthere.You pull out a screwdriver, and you see it’s one of those weirdtri-headed things. Okay, well, that’s not very useful to you, butyou guess it comes in handy sometimes.You pull out the hammer, but to your dismay, it has the claw part onboth sides. Still serviceable though, I mean, you can hit nails withthe middle of the head holding it sideways.You pull out the pliers, but they don’t have those serratedsurfaces; it’s flat and smooth. That’s less useful, but it stillturns bolts well enough, so whatever.And on you go. Everything in the box is kind of weird and quirky,but maybe not enough to make it completely worthless. And there’s noclear problem with the set as a whole; it still has all the tools.Now imagine you meet millions of carpenters using this toolbox whotell you “well hey what’s the problem with these tools? They’re allI’ve ever used and they work fine!” And the carpenters show you thehouses they’ve built, where every room is a pentagon and the roof isupside-down. And you knock on the front door and it just collapsesinwards and they all yell at you for breaking their door.That’s what’s wrong with PHP.```From the fractal of bad design article.

See also

References
  1. Nyerges, András, ed. (1998). Pest-Buda, Budapest szimbólumai [Budapest arms & colours: throughout the centuries]. Budapest: Budapest Főváros Levéltára. p. 2.
  2. The Budapest article of Encyclopædia Britannica 1911
  3. "Budapest". A Pallas Nagy Lexikona (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2009-11-03.
  4. Károly Kocsis (DSc, University of Miskolc) – Zsolt Bottlik (PhD, Budapest University) – Patrik Tátrai: Etnikai térfolyamatok a Kárpát-medence határon túli régióiban, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) – Földrajtudományi Kutatóintézet (Academy of Geographical Studies); Budapest; 2006.; ISBN 963-9545-10-4, CD Atlas
  5. Faroqhi, Suraiya (1994). "Crisis and Change, 1590-1699". In İnalcık, Halil; Donald Quataert (eds.). An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 440. ISBN 0-521-57456-0.

Further reading

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.