Tepehuán language

Tepehuán (Tepehuano) is the name of three closely related languages of the Piman branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, all spoken in northern Mexico. The language is called O'otham by its speakers.

Not to be confused with Tepehua languages.
Tepehuán
O'otham
Native toMexico
RegionChihuahua, Durango
EthnicityTepehuán
Native speakers
36,000 (2010 census)[1]
Uto-Aztecan
  • Tepiman
    • Tepehuán
Dialects
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
ntp – Northern Tepehuán
stp – Southeastern Tepehuán
tla – Southwestern Tepehuán
tep – Tepecano
Glottologtepe1281[2]

Northern Tepehuán

Northern Tepehuán is spoken by about 8,000 Tepehuán people (2005 census)[3] in the south of the state of Chihuahua and north of Durango.

Southern Tepehuán

Southern Tepehuán is divided into the southeastern and southwestern group.

  • Southeastern Tepehuán is spoken by 9,937 people (2000 WCD) in Mezquital Municipio in the state of Durango. Southern Tepehuán coexists with the Mexicanero Nahuatl language, there is some intermarriage between the two ethnic groups, and a number of speakers are trilingual in Mexicanero, Tepehuán and Spanish.
  • Southwestern Tepehuán is spoken by around 8,187 (2000 WCD) people in Southwestern Durango.

Media

Tepehuán-language programming is carried by the CDI's radio stations XEJMN-AM, broadcasting from Jesús María, Nayarit, and XETAR, based in Guachochi, Chihuahua.

Morphology

Tepehuán is an agglutinative language, in which words use suffix complexes for a variety of purposes with several morphemes strung together.

Phonology

Northern Tepehuan

The following is representative of the Northern dialect of Tepehuan.[4]

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Mid o
Open a

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Post-
alveolar		 Palatal Velar
Plosive voiceless p t tʲ k
voiced b d dʲ ɡ
Affricate t͡ʃ
Fricative v s ʃ x
Nasal m n ɲ
Rhotic r
Approximant l

Nasal consonants /n, ɲ/ become /ŋ/ when preceding a velar consonant.

Southern Tepehuan

The following is representative of the Southeastern dialect of Tepehuan.[5]

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Mid ʌ o
Open ɑ

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Post-
alveolar		 Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t k ʔ
voiced b d ɡ
Affricate voiceless t͡ʃ
voiced d͡ʒ ɣ͡ʎ
Fricative v s ʃ h
Nasal m n ɲ
Rhotic ɾ
Approximant (l) j

A /v/ sound may change to /f/ when occurring at word-final. /l/ only appears from Spanish loanwords.

Sample Tepehuan Text

Northern Tepehuan:

Gʌrooga aapipʌsmaacʌdʌ
tʌvaagɨʌrʌ daja, aatʌmʌ
ipʌlidɨ ɨʌoodami
gʌšiia duutuadagɨ.
Vai otoma aʌna
istuigaco gatʌaanʌda
agai aapi ʌʌgɨ tami
oidigɨ daama.
Vaidʌ ʌpʌduuna
pʌštumaasɨ aapɨ ipʌlidi
tami oidigi daama
poduucai isduucai
ʌpʌvueeyi tʌvaagiʌrʌ.
Gʌrsoiñañi tʌtai viaaca
aatʌmʌ cuaadagai
tʌšɨ ʌʌšɨ tʌgito sivɨ
vʌʌtarʌ.
Gʌroigʌldañɨ
gʌrsoimaascamiga
tʌsmaacʌdʌ ivueeyi
poduucai tʌsduucai
oigʌldi aatʌmʌ ʌgai
ismaacʌdʌ šoimaasi
gʌrvuiididi.
Maiti dagito
išʌDiaavora gʌraagiadan
taadacagi isiduñia
aatʌmʌ soimaasi.
Cʌʌ maatʌ aatʌmʌ
isaapi ʌrʌgʌʌ
baitʌc ʌaacamitʌvaagiʌrʌ
dai oidi daama
tomastuigaco,
dai aapi vaamioma viaa
guvucadagaɨ
tomastuigaco istomali
ʌmo ʌmai daɨ
isaliʌšɨ gʌaagai
ɨsvʌʌšɨ oodami gʌsiaa
duutuadagɨ
tomastuigaco.
Our father, which art
in heaven, hallowed be
thy name. Thy kingdom
come. Thy will be done
on earth as it is in
heaven. Give us this
day our daily bread.
And forgive us our
debts, as we forgive
our debtors. And lead
us not into temptation, :but deliver us from
evil. For thine is the
kingdom and the power
and the glory for ever
and ever. Amen.

Southeastern Tepehuan:

Utogga atemo tubaggue :dama Santu sicamoe
uggue ututugaraga
duviana uguiere api
odduna gutuguito
daraga tami dubar
dama tubggue.
Udguaddaga ud macane
schibi ud joigadane
ud seca doada raga
addu cate abemo
joigudu jut jaddune
maitague daguito soy
macire ud niuca
dacane api odduna.
Amen, Jesus.
Our father, which art
in heaven, hallowed be :thy name. Thy kingdom
come. Thy will be done :on earth as it is in
heaven. Give us this
day our daily bread.
And forgive us our
debts, as we forgive
our debtors. And lead
us not into temptation, :but deliver us from
evil. For thine is the :kingdom and the power
and the glory for ever :and ever. Amen.
gollark: > if you actually let natural selection work, anything other than straight would get selected outAnd yet it wasn't. Weird.
gollark: I mean, it's "natural" in the sense of "nature produced it".
gollark: > If we’re gonna have this cancerous discussion, then there’s a theory that homosexuality is actual selected for, as a way to reduce how quickly we approach the environmental carrying capacityLike I said, natural selection doesn't exactly optimize for what's best for the *group*.
gollark: I mean, we *are* born with... brain things... which make us susceptible *to* belief in god.
gollark: I'm putting "wants" in quotes because evolution isn't an agent and doesn't literally "want" anything.

References
  1. INALI (2012) México: Lenguas indígenas nacionales
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tepehuan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. "Tepehuan, Northern".
  4. Bascom, Burton (1982). Northern Tepehuan. Studies in Uto-Aztecan grammar 3: Uto-Aztecan grammatical sketches: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 267–393.CS1 maint: location (link)
  5. Willett, Thomas L. (1988). A Reference Grammar of Southeastern Tepehuan.


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