Tekirdağ

Tekirdağ (pronounced [teˈciɾdaː]; see also its other names) is a city in Turkey. It is a part of the region historically known as East Thrace, located on the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe. In 2019 the city's population was 204.001. There are honorary consulates of Greece and Bulgaria in Tekirdağ.

Tekirdağ (city)
Metropolitan municipality
Tekirdağ (city)
Tekirdağ (city)
Coordinates: 40°58′40″N 27°30′55″E
Country Turkey
ProvinceTekirdağ
Government
 • MayorKadir Albayrak (CHP)
Area
 • District1,111.53 km2 (429.16 sq mi)
Elevation
37 m (121 ft)
Population
 (2019)[2]
 • Total204 001
Postal code
59xxx
Websitewww.tekirdag.bel.tr
Süleymanpaşa park of Tekirdağ

Names and etymology

Tekirdağ was called Bisanthe or Bysanthe (Greek: Βισάνθη/Βυσάνθη),[3][4] and also Rhaedestus (Ῥαιδεστός) in classical antiquity. The latter name was used till the Byzantine era,[5] transformed to Rodosçuk after it fell to the Ottomans in the 14th century (in western languages usually rendered as Rodosto). After the 18th century it was called Tekfurdağı, based on the Turkish word tekfur, meaning "Byzantine lord". In time, the name mutated into the Turkish Tekirdağ, and this became the official name under the Turkish Republic. The historical name "Rhaedestos" (transcribed also as Raidestos) was continuously used till today in Greek Orthodox ecclesiastical context (e.g. Bishop of Raidestos,[6] Metropolitanate of Heraclia and Raidestos[7] (18th-19th centuries).

Location
Sphinx table leg, Roman period in Tekirdağ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography

Tekirdağ is situated on the northern coast of the Sea of Marmara, 135 kilometres (84 miles) west of Istanbul. The picturesque bay of Tekirdağ is enclosed by the great promontory of the mountain which gives its name to the city, Tekir Dağı (ancient Combos), a spur about 2000 ft. that rises into the hilly plateau to the north. Between Tekirdağ and Şarköy is another mountain, Ganos Dağı.

Climate

Tekirdağ has a borderline mediterranean/humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa/Cfa). Summers are long, hot and humid whilst winters are cool and wet. Snowfall is quite common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two.

Climate data for Tekirdağ
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.5
(70.7)		 24.7
(76.5)		 28.1
(82.6)		 34.3
(93.7)		 33.5
(92.3)		 40.2
(104.4)		 38.4
(101.1)		 37.5
(99.5)		 39.7
(103.5)		 35.1
(95.2)		 27.9
(82.2)		 23.5
(74.3)		 40.2
(104.4)
Average high °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8)		 8.9
(48.0)		 11.0
(51.8)		 15.8
(60.4)		 20.6
(69.1)		 25.3
(77.5)		 28.0
(82.4)		 28.1
(82.6)		 24.4
(75.9)		 19.6
(67.3)		 14.7
(58.5)		 10.5
(50.9)		 17.9
(64.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.9
(40.8)		 5.4
(41.7)		 7.4
(45.3)		 11.9
(53.4)		 16.9
(62.4)		 21.3
(70.3)		 23.8
(74.8)		 23.8
(74.8)		 20.0
(68.0)		 15.4
(59.7)		 11.0
(51.8)		 7.2
(45.0)		 14.1
(57.3)
Average low °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8)		 2.4
(36.3)		 4.1
(39.4)		 8.2
(46.8)		 12.6
(54.7)		 16.6
(61.9)		 18.9
(66.0)		 19.3
(66.7)		 16.0
(60.8)		 12.0
(53.6)		 8.0
(46.4)		 4.4
(39.9)		 10.4
(50.7)
Record low °C (°F) −12.3
(9.9)		 −13.3
(8.1)		 −10.4
(13.3)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 3.5
(38.3)		 8.6
(47.5)		 10.9
(51.6)		 12.0
(53.6)		 3.7
(38.7)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 −6.9
(19.6)		 −10.9
(12.4)		 −13.3
(8.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 69.0
(2.72)		 54.1
(2.13)		 54.9
(2.16)		 41.3
(1.63)		 38.5
(1.52)		 37.7
(1.48)		 23.2
(0.91)		 14.0
(0.55)		 36.3
(1.43)		 64.3
(2.53)		 74.6
(2.94)		 81.2
(3.20)		 589.1
(23.2)
Average rainy days 12.4 10.8 10.7 9.8 8.2 7.2 3.6 2.5 4.8 7.6 9.6 12.9 100.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 86.8 98 133.3 177 241.8 270 303.8 279 216 155 102 74.4 2,137.1
Mean daily sunshine hours 2.4 3.2 4.1 5.4 7.4 9.6 9.5 9.0 7.2 4.5 3.2 2.3 5.6
Source: Turkish State Meteorological Service [8]

History
Tekirdağ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography.
The memorial house of Francis II Rákóczi in Tekirdağ
State building in Tekirdağ
Ottoman square fountain and Yalı Street.
Historic Ottoman wooden houses.
Main article: Bisanthe

The history of the city of Tekirdağ dates back to around 4000 BC.[9] In Xenophon's Anabasis it is mentioned to be a part of the kingdom of the Thracian king Seuthes. It is also mentioned as Bisanthe by Herodotus (VII, 137).
The city was a Samian colony.[10] Its restoration by Justinian I in the 6th century AD is chronicled by Procopius. In 813 and again in 1206, after the Battle of Rodosto, it was sacked by the Bulgarians, but it continued to appear as a place of considerable note in later Byzantine history. It was also ruled by the Venetians between 1204 and 1235. The 11th-century Byzantine historian Michael Attaleiates owned property in Raidestos which he describes in his will.

In the Ottoman period the city was successively a part of the Rumelia Eyalet, then of the Province of the Kapudan Pasha, the Silistra Eyalet, and Edirne Vilayet. After 1849 it was the seat of the Sanjak of Tekfürtaği.

In 1905, the city had a population of about 35,000; of whom half were Greeks[11] who were exchanged with Muslims living in Greece under the 1923 agreement for Exchange of Greek Orthodox and Muslim Populations between the two countries.

In 1912, after the defeat at the Battle of Lule Burgas the retreating Turkish army set fires on several parts of the town and massacred many Christians.[12] Even children were thrown to the flames.[13]

Tekirdağ was for many years a depot for the produce of the Edirne province, but its trade suffered when Alexandroupolis became the terminus of the railway up the river Maritsa.

Bishopric

Rhaedestus was the name of the city during the Roman Empire and remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. The diocese belonged to the ecclesiastical province of Heraclea Sintica.[14] Roman Catholic Church activity has long ceased, and the Greek Orthodox community ceased to exist during the last years of the Ottoman Empire.

Catholic bishops

  • Emmet Michael Walsh 8 September 1949 16 November 1952
  • Manuel Alfonso de Carvalho 10 February 1953 17 June 1957
  • Wilson Laus Schmidt 5 September 1957 18 May 1962
  • Carlos Horacio Ponce de Léon 9 June 1962 28 April 1966

Tekirdağ today
The memorial house of Francis II Rákóczi in Tekirdağ
The governor's office in Tekirdağ
Kutman Wine museum in Tekirdağ
Tekira shopping mall in Tekirdağ

The Tekirdağ area is the site of many holiday homes, as the city is only two hours drive from Istanbul via a new four-lane highway. The villages of Şarköy, Mürefte and Kumbağ are particularly popular with Turkish tourists. Much of this holiday property has been built in an unregulated and unplanned manner and thus much of the coast looks over-built. The Marmara Sea is polluted but there are still a number of public beaches near Tekirdağ, especially the Yeniçiftlik beaches.

Tekirdağ is a Turkish commercial town centre with a harbour for agricultural products; the harbor is being expanded to accommodate a new rail link to the main freight line through Thrace. Tekirdağ is the home port of Martas and the BOTAŞ Terminal, both of which are important for trade activities in the Marmara Region.

Most of the city's Ottoman wooden buildings have been replaced by concrete apartment blocks, but some are being restored or replaced with attractive houses in the traditional style. Except for the Rüstem Paşa Camii, built by the Ottoman architect, Mimar Sinan, in the 16th century, and the narrow streets that help one imagine life in the Ottoman period, the city lacks antique charm. One reason to visit is the local delicacy, the small spicy cylindrical grilled meatballs called Tekirdağ köftesi, traditionally followed by courses of a sweet local cheese and semolina pudding.

The inland areas are fertile farmland, growing crops including winter wheat, sunflowers, cherries and grapes for wine-making: thus the high quality rakı for which Tekirdağ is noted. The distilleries were state-owned until the 1990s but are now in private hands and the wine and rakı industries are undergoing a renewal. Local red wines are inexpensive and worth a taste.

Both the east–west highway (the Via Egnatia from Roman times) and the highway north toward Muratlı and Lüleburgaz are four lanes. There is a prison next to the rakı distillery and another north of the city on the road to Muratlı.

Tekirdağ is the home of Namık Kemal University, which was founded in 2006 with three faculties. It is located at the eastern edge of the city.

Places of interest
  • The Tekirdağ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography contains archaeological artifacts found in and around the province, as well as ethnographical items used by the residents of the region relating to the history of cultural life.
  • The Namık Kemal House Museum is devoted to the life and works of theTurkish nationalist poet Namık Kemal (1840–1888).
  • The Rakoczi Museum, an 18th-century Turkish house, where the Hungarian national hero, Francis II Rákóczi lived during his exile, from 1720 till his death in 1735. Today, the museum is a property of Hungary and is widely visited, having become a place of national pilgrimage.
  • Of all the statues of Atatürk in Turkey, the town centre of Tekirdağ holds the only one that was made exactly life-size.
  • Kutman Wine Museum of Kutman Winery at Mürefte, Şarköy in Tekirdağ

Notable people

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey

Twin towns – Sister cities

Tekirdağ is twinned with:[15]

Namesakes
gollark: https://images-ext-2.discordapp.net/external/9m9Wu6l9jnH0oDfwabQ6z11tYWedgIGF9uwz3qlLty0/https/media.discordapp.net/attachments/779006896761471010/943151710581432432/unknown.png?
gollark: What are the implications of this for the steel industry?
gollark: https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/683607166967349248/947461090726510592/animal-welfare.png
gollark: But only after considering the previous ones.
gollark: Now, ignoring the lack of consideration, consider this image instead.

See also
  • As mother goddess shaped pot (Tekirdağ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography)
  • Thracian King Cersobleptes (Tekirdağ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography)
  • Amphoras (Tekirdağ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography)
  • Orta Mosque (1855)
  • Bedesten (Ottoman Bazaar)
  • Province government House
  • Tekirdağ Köfte, a local speciality meatballs
  • A street around Rákóczi Museum

References
Notes
  1. "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  2. "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  3. Playfair, James (1812). "A System of Geography, Ancient and Modern". google.gr.
  4. "Full text of "Hellenica; Books I-II"". archive.org.
  5. See: Warren Treadgold, The Middle Byzantine Historians (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013)
  6. "Ecumenical Patriarchate – George Raidestinos I". ec-patr.net.
  7. Kiminas, Demetrius (March 2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. google.gr. ISBN 9781434458766.
  8. "Tekirdağ". Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  9. "History of Tekirdağ". Archived from the original on 6 February 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
  10. Scott, Lionel (July 2017). Historical Commentary on Herodotus. BRILL. p. 160. doi:10.1163/9789047407980. ISBN 978-90-47-40798-0.
  11. Volume V23, Page 448 of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
  12. "THE LATEST". The Bendigo Independent (13, 049). Victoria, Australia. 8 November 1912. p. 5. Retrieved 9 July 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. "MASSACRE AND PILLAGE—SCENES AT RODOSTO". The Register (Adelaide). LXXVII (20, 591). South Australia. 8 November 1912. p. 7. Retrieved 9 July 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. Rhaedestus At catholic-hierarchy.org.
  15. "Tekirdağ Municipality Web Site – Partner Cities" (in Turkish). tekirdag.bel.tr. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
  16. Negotiations in progress
  17. "Accident Information Page". Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 26 February 2009.
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