Tamangic languages

The Tamangic languages, TGTM languages, or West Bodish languages, are a family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in the Himalayas of Nepal. They are called "West Bodish" by Bradley (1997), from Bod, the native term for Tibet. TGTM stands for Tamang-Gurung-Thakali-Manang.

Not to be confused with Tamanic languages.
Tamangic
Geographic
distribution		Nepal
Linguistic classificationSino-Tibetan
Subdivisions
Glottologkaik1248[1]

Proto-TGTM has been reconstructed in Mazaudon (1994). Tamangic is united with the Bodish and West Himalayish languages in Bradley's (1997) "Bodish" and Van Driem's (2001) Tibeto-Kanauri.

Languages
Ethnolinguistic groups of Nepal; Tamang region marked in blue, Gurung in green, .

The Tamangic languages are:

  • Tamang (several divergent varieties, with a million speakers)
  • Gurung (two varieties with low mutual intelligibility)
  • Thakali (including the Seke dialect; ethnically Tamang)
  • Manang language cluster: the closely related Manang, Gyasumdo, Nar Phu, and Nyeshangte languages.
  • Chantyal
  • Ghale languages (Ghale and Kutang): spoken by ethnic Tamang, perhaps related to Tamangic.
  • Kaike (moribund): may be the most divergent.

Footnotes
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kaike–Ghale–Tamangic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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References
  • Bradley, David (1997). "Tibeto-Burman languages and classification". In Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas, Papers in South East Asian linguistics. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
  • George van Driem (2001) Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill.
  • Georg, Stefan (1996). Marphatan Thakali. Untersuchungen zur Sprache des Dorfes Marpha im Oberen Kali-Gandaki-Tal/Nepal. München: LINCOM EUROPA. ISBN 90-04-09905-0.
  • Mazaudon, Martine. 1994. Problèmes de comparatisme et de reconstruction dans quelques langues de la famille tibéto-birmane. Thèse d'Etat, Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle.


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