Sea of Galilee Boat

The Ancient Galilee Boat, also known as the Jesus Boat, is an ancient fishing boat from the 1st century AD, discovered in 1986 on the north-west shore of the Sea of Galilee in Israel. The remains of the boat, 27 feet (8.27 meters) long, 7.5 feet (2.3 meters) wide and with a maximum preserved height of 4.3 feet (1.3 meters), first appeared during a drought, when the waters of the Sea (actually a great fresh-water lake) receded.[1] Other than the dating, there is no evidence connecting the boat to Jesus or his disciples.

The 'Ancient Galilee Boat' housed in the Yigal Allon Museum in Kibbutz Ginosar

Discovery and excavation
The boat on display in its special climatised museum hall
Part of the insulating foam coating used to float and rescue the boat

The remains of the Ancient Galilee Boat were found by brothers Moshe and Yuval Lufan, fishermen from Kibbutz Ginnosar. The brothers were keen amateur archaeologists with an interest in discovering artifacts from Israel's past. It had always been their hope to one day discover a boat in the Sea of Galilee, where they and generations of their family had fished. When drought reduced the water-level of the lake, the two brothers examined the newly exposed beach and stumbled across the remains of the boat buried in the shore.

The brothers reported their discovery to the authorities who sent out a team of archaeologists to investigate. The team realised that the remains of the boat were of tremendous historical importance to Jews and Christians alike, and so archaeological dig followed, undertaken by members of Kibbutz Ginosar, the Israel Antiquities Authority, and numerous volunteers. Rumour spread that the boat was full of gold and the dig had to be guarded night and day. Excavating the boat from the mud without damaging it, quickly enough to extract it before the water rose again, was a difficult process which lasted 12 days and nights. The ancient wood was extremely fragile when exposed to the atmosphere and the boat had to be rescued from the place it was found by wrapping it in a mantle of fiberglass and insulating foam, which helped with both keeping it together, and floating it to its new location. It was then submerged in a wax bath for 12 years, which protected the boat before it could be displayed at the Yigal Allon Galilee Boat Museum in Kibbutz Ginosar.

Physical parameters

The boat's construction conforms to other boats built in that part of the Mediterranean during the period between 100 BCE and 200 CE. Constructed primarily of cedar planks joined together by pegged mortise and tenon joints and nails, the boat is shallow drafted with a flat bottom, allowing it to get very close to the shore while fishing. However, the boat is composed of ten different wood types, suggesting either a wood shortage or that the boat was made of scrap wood and had undergone extensive and repeated fixes. The boat was row-able, with four staggered rowers, and also had a mast allowing the fishermen to sail the boat.[1]

Dating the boat

The boat has been dated to 40 BCE (plus or minus 80 years) based on radiocarbon dating,[2] and 50 BCE to 50 CE based on pottery (including a cooking pot and lamp) and nails found in the boat, as well as hull construction techniques. The evidence of repeated repairs shows the boat was used for several decades, perhaps nearly a century. When its fishermen owners thought it was beyond repair, they removed all useful wooden parts and the hull eventually sank to the bottom of the lake. There it was covered with mud, which prevented bacterial decomposition.

Historical importance
Remake by Bible Society Schleswig

The Galilee Boat is historically important to Jews as an example of the type of boat used by their ancestors in the 1st century CE for both fishing and transportation across the lake. Previously only references made by Roman authors, the Bible and mosaics had provided archaeologists insight into the construction of these types of vessels.[3]

The boat is also important to Christians because this was the sort of boat used by Jesus and his disciples, several of whom were fishermen.[4] Boats such as this played a large role in Jesus' life and ministry, and are mentioned 50 times in the Gospels, though there is no evidence connecting the Sea of Galilee Boat itself directly to Jesus or his disciples.

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See also
  • Bethsaida, a contemporary fishing town on the lake mentioned in the Gospels
  • Capernaum, a contemporary fishing town on the lake mentioned in the Gospels
  • Dalmanutha, possibly the name of the ancient town on whose shore the boat was found
  • Magdala, where a mosaic depicting a similar boat was discovered
  • Mendel Nun, expert on the history and archaeology of the Sea of Galileeestablished the House of Anchors Fishing Museum in 1995 at Kibbutz Ein Gev

References
  1. Rabinovich, Abraham (1999). "'Jesus Boat' Causes Ripples". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 13 October 2009.
  2. Wachamann, Shelley; et al. (1988). An Ancient Boat Discovered in the Sea of Galilee. Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority.
  3. "The Roman Boat from the Sea of Galilee". Jewish Virtual Library. 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  4. 1st Century Galilee Boat (29 February 1980). "The Story of the Jesus Boat". Jesusboat.com. Retrieved 29 January 2013.

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