Sanming dialect

Sanming dialect (Central Min: 三明事, Mandarin Chinese: 三明話) is a dialect of Central Min Chinese spoken in urban area of Sanming, which is a prefecture-level city in Western Fujian Province of China.

Sanming dialect
三明事
Pronunciation	[sɔ̃ ˥˥˧ mã˦˩ ʃia˧]
Native to	Southern China
Region	Sanming, Fujian
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Min Central Min Sanming dialect
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
Linguasphere	79-AAA-hbb

Phonology

Sanming dialect has 17 initials, 37 rimes and 6 tones.

Initials

		Bilabial		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Velar
		Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced	Voiceless	Voiced
Nasal			m		n				ŋ
Stop	Tenuis	p		t				k
	Aspirated	pʰ		tʰ				kʰ
Affricate	Tenuis			ts		tʃ
	Aspirated			tsʰ		tʃʰ
Fricative				s		ʃ		x

Rimes

	Open syllable		Nasal coda	Nasal vowel coda
Open mouth	ɹ̩ ɛ ɒ a ɯ ø	aɯ au	am aiŋ m̩	ã ɔ̃
Even mouth	i iɛ iɒ ia iɯ	iau	iam iaiŋ	iã iɔ̃ ɛ̃
Closed mouth	u uɛ ui o		ŋ̍	uã
Round mouth	y yi yɛ yo		yaiŋ	yã yɛ̃

Tones

No.	1	2	3	4	5	6
Tone name	dark level 陰平	light level 陽平	dark rising 陰上	light rising 陽上	departing 去聲	entering 入聲
Tone contour	˥˥˧ 553	˦˩ 41	˨˩ 21	˨˩˧ 213	˧ 33	˩˨ 12

The entering tones in Sanming dialect don't have any entering tone coda (入聲韻尾) such as /-ʔ/, /-p̚/, /-t̚/ and /-k̚/. It's quite different from many other Chinese dialects.

References

• Compilation Commission of Chorography of Sanming City 福建省三明市地方志编纂委员会 (2002). San ming shi zhi 三明市志 ["Chorography of Sanming City"]. 53. Beijing: Fangzhi chubanshe 方志出版社 ["Chorography Press"]. ISBN 978-7-80122-619-8.