Samuel Blatchford

Samuel M. Blatchford (March 9, 1820 – July 7, 1893) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from April 3, 1882, until his death.

For the university president and grandfather of Samuel Blatchford, see Samuel Blatchford (university president). For the American soldier and civil engineer, see Samuel Nathan Blatchford.

Samuel Blatchford
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
In office March 22, 1882 – July 7, 1893
Nominated by	Chester Arthur
Preceded by	Ward Hunt
Succeeded by	Edward White
Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit
In office March 4, 1878 – March 22, 1882
Nominated by	Rutherford Hayes
Preceded by	Alexander Johnson
Succeeded by	William Wallace
Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
In office May 3, 1867 – March 4, 1878
Nominated by	Andrew Johnson
Preceded by	Samuel Betts
Succeeded by	William Choate
Personal details
Born	(1820-03-09)March 9, 1820 Auburn, New York, U.S.
Died	July 7, 1893(1893-07-07) (aged 73) Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Caroline Appleton
Education	Columbia University (BA)

Early life

Blatchford was born in Auburn, New York on March 9, 1820. He was the eldest of five children born to Julia Ann (née Mumford) Blatchford and Richard Milford Blatchford (1798–1875), a well known attorney and friend of Daniel Webster[1] who served as a New York State Assemblyman in 1855, U.S. Minister to the Papal States,[2] and New York City Park Commissioner in 1872.[3] After his mother's death in 1857, his father remarried to Angelica Hamilton, the daughter of James Alexander Hamilton and granddaughter of Alexander Hamilton, the first Treasury Secretary.[4] Angelica died in 1868, and Blatchford married for the third time, to Katherine Hone.[4]

His grandfather also named Samuel Blatchford, was born in England and was the first president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The younger Samuel Blatchford was educated at Columbia College, where he joined the Philolexian Society and graduated when he was 17 years old. In 1840, he served as the private secretary to Governor William H. Seward.

Legal career

Portrait of Samuel Blatchford

Blatchford's Supreme Court nomination

Blatchford read law while working for the governor and then entered into the private practice of law with his father and uncle. In 1854, he moved to New York City and started a law firm, Blatchford, Seward & Griswold, now known as Cravath, Swaine & Moore. He became well known for preparing summaries of United States circuit court cases, serving for a time as reporter of decisions for the Circuit Court in New York, and developed a lucrative practice in admiralty law.

On what he thought was inside information, Blatchford sold all his shares of stock on the eve of the Battle of Fort Sumter and the decline in stock prices that took place at the onset of the American Civil War, thus preserving his personal fortune.[5]

Judicial appointments

On May 3, 1867, Blatchford received a recess appointment from President Andrew Johnson to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Samuel R. Betts.[6] Formally nominated on July 13, 1867, Blatchford was confirmed by the United States Senate three days later, receiving his commission the same day.[6]

On February 15, 1878, President Rutherford B. Hayes promoted Blatchford to serve as Circuit Judge of the Second U.S. Judicial Circuit to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Alexander Smith Johnson.[6] Blatchford was confirmed by the Senate, and received his commission, on March 4, 1878.[6]

Supreme Court of the United States

On March 13, 1882, Blatchford was nominated to the Supreme Court of the United States by President Chester A. Arthur, to a seat vacated by Ward Hunt,[6] after two other candidates, Senator George F. Edmunds and former Senator Roscoe Conkling, declined. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 22, 1882, and received his commission the same day.[6] Blatchford thus became the first person to serve at all three levels of the federal judiciary—as a District Judge, a Circuit Judge, and a Supreme Court Justice. When he was nominated for the Supreme Court, it was estimated that his personal wealth exceeded $3 million (over $77 million in 2018), mostly held in real estate.[1]

Blatchford was an expert in admiralty law and patent law, and authored Blatchford and Howland's Admiralty Cases, which was considered the most complete work of its kind. During his eleven-year tenure on the High Court, he wrote 430 opinions and two dissents. His most noteworthy opinions, Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co. v. Minnesota, and Budd v. People of New York, were roundly criticized for their apparently contradictory conclusions about due process under the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.[7]

Blatchford served as a trustee of Columbia College.

Personal life

In 1844, Blatchford was married to Caroline Frances Appleton (1817–1881) in Boston. Caroline was the daughter of Eben Appleton and Sarah (née Patterson) Appleton. Together, they had one son:[8]

• Samuel Appleton Blatchford (1845–1905), also a lawyer who married Wilhelmina Bogart Conger (1848–1944), daughter of Hon. Abraham B. Conger, the namesake of Congers, New York.[8]

In June 1893, he was stricken with paralysis at his home in Newport, Rhode Island on Greenough Place.[9][10] Blatchford died at his home in Newport at age 73 on July 7, 1893.[1] After a funeral service at the All Saints' Chapel in Newport conducted by Bishop Henry C. Potter (his brother-in-law Edward Tuckerman Potter's brother),[11] his body was transported by train to New York City where he was buried at Greenwood Cemetery in Brooklyn.[12]

In his will, which was drawn on June 15, 1876, he left $100,000 to Rachel Bliss Beckwith and $20,000 to Cordelia F. Green. To his widow, he left the furniture and artwork in his Newport home and the income from half of his estate.[13] His son received the other half of the income and split the realty with his mother. Upon his wife's death, one-third of her share of the realty went to Rachel Beckwith, a third to Julia Maria Potter, and the remaining third to his unmarried sister, Sophia Ethelinda Blatchford.[13]

References

1. "Justice Blatchford Dead: Passes Peacefully Away at His Home in Newport". The New York Times. July 8, 1893. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
2. "Richard Milford Blatchford". Office of the Historian: Department History. Bureau of Public Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 2013-03-13.
3. "Richard Milford Blatchford (1798–1875)". The Political Graveyard. Archived from the original on 2016-07-08.
4. Hannan 2008, pp. 124–125. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHannan_2008 (help)
5. Nevins, Allan (1959). The War for the Union. I, The Improvised War, 1861-1862. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 66.
6. Samuel M. Blatchford at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
7. "MEMORIAL OF JUDGE BLATCHFORD.; Tribute to His Character and Career by the Supreme Court Bar" (PDF). The New York Times. 14 October 1893. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
8. Swaine, Robert T. (2007). The Cravath Firm and Its Predecessors, 1819-1947. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 235. ISBN 9781584777137. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
9. "JUSTICE BLATCHFORD STRICKEN.; Attacked with Paralysis at Newport -- His Death Expected" (PDF). The New York Times. 20 June 1893. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
10. "QUAINT CLUB IN NEWPORT.; Entertained at the Ocean House -- Justice Blatchford's Condition" (PDF). The New York Times. 26 June 1893. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
11. "WILL REST TO-DAY IN GREENWOOD.; Justice Blatchford's Body Transported Last Night from Newport" (PDF). The New York Times. 12 July 1893. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
12. "JUSTICE BLATCHFORD BURIED.; His Body Rests Beside the Deceased & Members of His Family in Greenwood" (PDF). The New York Times. 13 July 1893. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
13. "JUSTICE BLATCHFORD'S WILL.; It Disposes of Personal Property and Real Estate Valued at $460,000" (PDF). The New York Times. 18 August 1893. Retrieved 31 May 2019.

Further reading

• Abraham, Henry J. (1992). Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court. 3d. ed. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506557-3.
• Cushman, Clare (2001). The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies,1789-1995 (2nd ed.). (Supreme Court Historical Society, Congressional Quarterly Books). ISBN 978-1-56802-126-3.
• Frank, John P.; Leon Friedman; Fred L. Israel, editors (1995). The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions. Chelsea House Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7910-1377-9.
• Hall, Kermit L., ed. (1992). The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505835-2.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
• Martin, Fenton S.; Goehlert, Robert U. (1990). The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Books. ISBN 978-0-87187-554-9.
• Urofsky, Melvin I. (1994). The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary. New York: Garland Publishing. p. 590. ISBN 978-0-8153-1176-8.

External links

• Works by or about Samuel Blatchford at Internet Archive
• Samuel Blatchford at Find a Grave

Legal offices
Preceded by Samuel Betts	Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York 1867–1878	Succeeded by William Choate
Preceded by Alexander Johnson	Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit 1878–1893	Succeeded by William Wallace
Preceded by Ward Hunt	Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States 1893–1893	Succeeded by Edward White