Rotenese people

Rotenese people are one of the native inhabitants of Rote Island, while part of them reside in Timor.[1] Apart from that, the Rotenese people also settled in islands surrounding Rote Island, such as Ndao Island, Nuse Island, Pamana Island, Doo Island, Heliana Island, Landu Island, Manuk Island, and other smaller islands.[2] There are some who believed that the Rotenese people originally migrated from Seram Island, Maluku.[3] They were thought to have arrived on the Rote Island during the reign of the Majapahit kingdom in the late 13th-16th century. It was during this time that there were references to the rulers of the Rotenese people. Initially, the Rotenese people founded settlements on the island of Timor, where they engaged in manual slash-and-burn farming and used irrigation system.[4]

Rotenese people
Rote people
The two Rotine people wear elegantly woven straw hats, characteristic of the island, circa 1899-1900.
Regions with significant populations
 Indonesia (Rote Island & West Timor)
Languages
Rotenese languages, Indonesian language
Religion
Christianity (predominantly), Folk religion, Islam
Related ethnic groups
Atoni, Kemak people, Helong people

Language

The Rotenese language is part of the Austronesian languages, from the Southwest Malayo-Polynesian languages, which are made up of several dialects.[3] The main dialects are Lole (Loleh), Ringgou, Termanu, Bilba, Dengka, Dhao, Tii (Thie), Oenale and Dela (Delha).[5]

Livelihood
The Raja of West Rote on Dana island.

The livelihood of the Rotenese people includes agriculture,[6] animal farming, fishing, tapping Neera and palm crafting.[2] Lands that are well irrigated is used as paddy field or water catchment.[2] The main farming produce are rice, corn, cassava, sorghum, millet, as well as other commodities like pepper, peanuts, vegetables and coffee; while the main animal farming are buffaloes, cattle, horses and poultry.[3] Rotenese women work on traditional weaving handicrafts, woven Pandan leaves,[3] pottery and so on. Small trades are also common.[7][4][8]

Diet

The most common diet of the Rotenese people are from tubers, porridge, and fish with spicy seasonings.[4]

Social structure
A portrait of a Rotenese man with his women in full regalia.

The kinship system of this people are nucleus family kinship or broad family with patriarchalistic in character, and also maintains an exogamy clan marriage customs.[2] The formation of large families consist of the smaller clans called nggi leo; which in turn the formation of these smaller clans make up of the larger clans called leo.[2]

Religion

The traditional beliefs of the Rotenese people centers on a creator known as Lamatuan or Lamatuak. This deity that is regarded as a creator, predestinator and the one who blesses, is symbolized by a three-branched pillar.[3] Today, most Rotenese people practices Protestantism Christianity, Catholicism Christianity or Islam.[3][4]

Culture

Traditional Rotenese clothing is a kain (a cloth of up to 2.5 meters long, wrapped around the waist, reaching to the knees or ankles), as well as jackets and shirts, with a specific style of a straw hat called ti'i langga.[9] A typical family is small and based on patrilocal marriage; where the wife resides in the community of her husband.[7][4][10][8]

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References
  1. Navita Kristi (2012). Astutiningsih (ed.). Fakta Menakjubkan Tentang Indonesia; Wisata Sejarah, Budaya, dan Alam di 33 Provinsi: Bagian 3. Cikal Aksara. ISBN 602-8526-67-3.
  2. M. Junus Melalatoa (1995). Ensiklopedi Suku Bangsa di Indonesia Jilid L-Z. Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. p. 713.
  3. Dr. Zulyani Hidayah (2015). Ensiklopedi Suku Bangsa di Indonesia. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. p. 327. ISBN 97-946-1929-9.
  4. Бернова А. А. & Членов М. А. (1999). Тишков В.А. (ed.). Народы и религии мира. Энциклопедия. М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия. p. 433.
  5. James J. Fox (2016). Master poets, ritual masters: The art of oral composition among the Rotenese of Eastern Indonesia. ANU Press. pp. 236–237. ISBN 17-604-6006-0.
  6. Mustafa Iman (2 August 2017). "Menyambangi laut mati di Rote". Beritagar. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  7. Архипов В. (1996). Культура народов острова Тимор в Индонезии. Азия и Африка сегодня, Ежемес. Науч. И обществ.-полит. Журн, No. 2. p. 31-44.
  8. Юрия Васильевича Маретина (1966). А. А. Губера (ed.). Народы мира. Этнографические очерки: Народы Юго-Восточной Азии. Издательство Академии наук СССР. p. 575.
  9. Shelbi Asrianti & Yudha Manggala P Putra (11 November 2017). "Sejenak Melenggang di Kupang". Republika. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  10. Ковалёв С. М., ed. (1979). Советский энциклопедический словарь. М.: Советская энциклопедия.
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