Ralph Stanley

Ralph Edmund Stanley (February 25, 1927 – June 23, 2016) was an American bluegrass artist, known for his distinctive singing and banjo playing. Stanley began playing music in 1946, originally with his older brother Carter Stanley as part of The Stanley Brothers, and most often as the leader of his band, The Clinch Mountain Boys. He was also known as Dr. Ralph Stanley.

Ralph Stanley
Ralph Stanley in 2011
Background information
Birth nameRalph Edmund Stanley
Born(1927-02-25)February 25, 1927
McClure, Virginia, U.S.
OriginBig Spraddle Creek, Virginia, U.S.
DiedJune 23, 2016(2016-06-23) (aged 89)
Coeburn, Virginia
GenresBluegrass, old-time, folk
Occupation(s)Bluegrass musician
InstrumentsBanjo
Years active1946–2016
LabelsColumbia, Rebel
Associated actsClinch Mountain Boys, Stanley Brothers
Websitedrralphstanleymusic.com

He was part of the first generation of bluegrass musicians and was inducted into both the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor and the Grand Ole Opry.

Biography

Stanley was born, grew up, and lived in rural Southwest Virginia—"in a little town called McClure at a place called Big Spraddle, just up the holler" from where he moved in 1936 and lived ever since in Dickenson County.[1] The son of Lee and Lucy Stanley, Ralph did not grow up around a lot of music in his home. As he says, his "daddy didn't play an instrument, but sometimes he would sing church music. And I'd hear him sing songs like 'Man of Constant Sorrow,' 'Pretty Polly' and 'Omie Wise.'"[1]

I got my first banjo when I was a teenager. I guess I was 15, 16 years old. My aunt had this old banjo, and Mother bought it for me ... paid $5 for it, which back then was probably like $5,000. [My parents] had a little store, and I remember my aunt took it out in groceries.[1]

He learned to play the banjo, clawhammer style, from his mother:

She had 11 brothers and sisters, and all of them could play the five-string banjo. She played gatherings around the neighborhood, like bean stringin's. She tuned it up for me and played this tune, "Shout Little Luly," and I tried to play it like she did. But I think I developed my own style of the banjo.[1]

He graduated from high school on May 2, 1945 and was inducted into the Army on May 16, serving "little more than a year." He immediately began performing when he got home:

... my daddy and Carter picked me up from the (station), and Carter was playing with another group, Roy Sykes and the Blue Ridge Mountain Boys, and they had a personal appearance that night. So I sung a song with Carter on the radio before I even got home.[2]

Clinch Mountain Boys
Ralph Stanley in 2006

After considering a course in "veterinary", he decided instead to join his older guitar-playing brother Carter Stanley (1925–1966) to form the Clinch Mountain Boys in 1946. Drawing heavily on the musical traditions of the area, which included the unique singing style of the Primitive Baptist Universalist church and the sweet down-home family harmonies of the Carter Family, the two Stanley brothers began playing on local radio stations. They first performed at Norton, Virginia's WNVA, but did not stay long there, moving on instead to Bristol, Virginia, and WCYB to start the show Farm and Fun Time, where they stayed "off and on for 12 years".[2]

At first they covered "a lot of Bill Monroe music" (one of the first groups to pick up the new "bluegrass" format).[3] They soon "found out that didn't pay off—we needed something of our own. So we started writing songs in 1947, 1948. I guess I wrote 20 or so banjo tunes, but Carter was a better writer than me."[2] When Columbia Records signed them as The Stanley Brothers, Bill Monroe left in protest and joined Decca. Later, Carter went back to sing for the "Father of Bluegrass", Bill Monroe.

Ralph Stanley gave his opinion on Bill Monroe's apparent change of heart: "He [Bill Monroe] knew Carter would make him a good singer ... Bill Monroe loved our music and loved our singing."[2]

The Stanley Brothers joined King Records in the late '50s, a record company so eclectic that it included James Brown at the time. In fact, James Brown and his band were in the studio when the Stanley Brothers recorded "Finger Poppin' Time". "James and his band were poppin' their fingers on that" according to Ralph.[2] At King Records, they "went to a more 'Stanley style', the sound that people most know today."[2]

Ralph and Carter performed as The Stanley Brothers with their band, The Clinch Mountain Boys, from 1946 to 1966. Ralph kept the band name when he continued as a solo act after Carter's death, from 1967 until his death in 2016.

Solo

After Carter died of complications of cirrhosis in 1966, after ailing for "a year or so",[2] Ralph faced a hard decision on whether to continue performing on his own. "I was worried, I didn't know if I could do it by myself. But boy, I got letters, 3,000 of 'em, and phone calls ... I went to Syd Nathan at King and asked him if he wanted me to go on, and he said, 'Hell yes! You might be better than both of them.'"[4]

He decided to go it alone, eventually reviving The Clinch Mountain Boys. Larry Sparks, Roy Lee Centers, and Charlie Sizemore were among those with whom he played in the revived band. He encountered Ricky Skaggs and Keith Whitley arriving late to his own show: "They were about 16 or 17, and they were holding the crowd 'til we got there ... They sounded just exactly like (the Stanley Brothers)."[5] Seeing their potential, he hired them "to give 'em a chance", though that meant a seven-member band.[2] Eventually, his son, Ralph Stanley II, took over as lead singer and rhythm guitarist for The Clinch Mountain Boys.[6]

Clinch Mountain Boys members

1967 to 2016


Political career

Around 1970, he ran for Clerk of Court and Commissioner of Revenue in Dickenson County only to state this:

What happened is, somebody traded me off—they used my popularity and money to elect somebody else. I was done dirty. And I'm so proud that I was done dirty, because if I had been elected ... I woulda had a job to do ... maybe woulda finally quit. So that's one time I was done dirty and I want to thank them for it now.[5]

O Brother, Where Art Thou?

Stanley's work was featured in the very popular 2000 film O Brother, Where Art Thou?, in which he sings the Appalachian dirge "O Death." The soundtrack's producer was T-Bone Burnett. Stanley said the following about working with Burnett:

T-Bone Burnett had several auditions for that song. He wanted it in the Dock Boggs style. So I got my banjo and learned it the way he did it. You see, I had recorded "O Death" three times, done it with Carter. So I went down with my banjo to Nashville and I said, "T-Bone, let me sing it the way I want to sing it," and I laid my banjo down and sung it a cappella. After two or three verses, he stopped me and said, "That's it."[5]

With that song, Stanley won a 2002 Grammy Award in the category of Best Male Country Vocal Performance. "That put the icing on the cake for me," he said. "It put me in a different category."[5]

Later life

He was known in the world of bluegrass music by the popular title, "Dr. Ralph Stanley", having been awarded an honorary doctorate in music from Lincoln Memorial University[7] of Harrogate, Tennessee in 1976. Stanley was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor in 1992 and in 2000, and became the first person to be inducted into the Grand Ole Opry in the third millennium.

He joined producers Randall Franks and Alan Autry for the In the Heat of the Night cast CD Christmas Time's A Comin', performing "Christmas Time's A Comin'" with the cast on the CD released on Sonlite and MGM/UA; it was one of the most popular Christmas releases of 1991 and 1992 with Southern retailers.

He was featured in the Josh Turner hit song "Me and God" released in 2006.

John and Elizabeth Edwards with Ralph Stanley and Clinch Mountain Boys, July 18, 2007

In 2006, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

On November 10, 2007, Stanley and the Clinch Mountain Boys performed at a rally for presidential candidate John Edwards in Des Moines, Iowa, just before the Democratic Party's annual Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner. Between renditions of "Man of Constant Sorrow" and "Orange Blossom Special", Stanley told the crowd that he had cast his first vote for Harry S. Truman in 1948 and would cast his next for John Edwards in 2008.

Country singer Dwight Yoakam has stated that Ralph Stanley is one of his "musical heroes."[8]

Stanley's autobiography, Man of Constant Sorrow, coauthored with the music journalist Eddie Dean, was released by Gotham Books on October 15, 2009.[9] In 2012, Stanley was featured on several tracks of the soundtrack for Nick Cave's film Lawless, with music by Cave and Warren Ellis. His solo track "White Light/White Heat" is prominent in several scenes of the movie.

Stanley maintained an active touring schedule; appearances in his later years included the 2012 Muddy Roots Music Festival in Cookeville, Tennessee, and the 2013 FreshGrass Festival in North Adams, Massachusetts. In June 2013, he announced a farewell tour,[10][7] scheduled to begin in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, on October 18 and extending to December 2014. However, upon notification of being elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (awarded October 11, 2014) a statement on his own website appeared, saying that he would not be retiring.[11]

On June 23, 2016, Stanley died at age 89 as a result of skin cancer.[12]

Musical style

Stanley created a unique style of banjo playing, sometimes called "Stanley style". It evolved from Wade Mainer style two-finger technique, later influenced by Scruggs style, which is a three-finger technique. "Stanley style" is distinguished by incredibly fast "forward rolls", led by the index finger (instead of the thumb, as in Scruggs style), sometimes in the higher registers using a capo. In "Stanley style", the rolls of the banjo are continuous, while being picked fairly close to the bridge on the banjo, giving the tone of the instrument a very crisp, articulate snap to the strings as the player would strike them.

Selected discography
Title Details Peak chart positions
US Grass US Country US US Heat US Indie
Clinch Mountain Country — — — — —
Cry From the Cross — — — — —
Clinch Mountain Gospel — — — — —
Clinch Mountain Sweethearts — — — — —
Ralph Stanley 3 22 163 5 —
Poor Rambler — — — — —
Shine on
  • Release date: June 7, 2005
  • Label: Rebel Records
 6 — — — —
A Distant Land to Roam
  • Release date: May 30, 2006
  • Label: Columbia Records/DMZ
 4 — — — —
Mountain Preacher's Child
  • Release date: April 3, 2007
  • Label: Rebel Records
 9 — — — —
A Mother's Prayer
  • Release date: April 19, 2011
  • Label: Rebel Records
 6 — — — —
Old Songs & Ballads
  • Release date: August 14, 2012
  • Label: Rebel Records
 12 — — — —
Old Songs & Ballads: Volume Two
  • Release date: August 14, 2012
  • Label: Rebel Records
 14 — — — —
Side by Side (with Ralph Stanley II)
  • Release date: February 18, 2014
  • Label: Rebel Records
 3 — — — —
My Life & Legacy:
The Very Best of Ralph Stanley
  • Release date: September 16, 2014
  • Label: Rebel Records
 9 — — — —
Ralph Stanley & Friends:
Man of Constant Sorrow		 1 14 — 1 17
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

[13] [14]

With Joe Isaacs
  • Gospel Gathering (1995, Freeland)

Other contributions
  • Lifted: Songs of the Spirit (2002, Sony/Hear Music) – "Listen to the Shepherd"
  • Re:Generation Music Project soundtrack (2012) – "Wayfaring Stranger"[15]

Honors, awards, distinctions
gollark: How ditherous!
gollark: Also, for those who complain about Rust being big: somehow a Pytorch/CUDA setup is 10GB?!
gollark: Sometimes I worry that I'll encounter a problem of some kind for which Go will be the best solution, even though ÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆA GOLANG.
gollark: I occasionally look at htop.
gollark: I *can* do many things. I choose not to do the majority, for purposes.

References
  1. "Old-Time Man" interview by Don Harrison June 2008 Virginia Living, p. 55.
  2. "Old-Time Man" interview by Don Harrison June 2008 Virginia Living, p. 56.
  3. Trischka, Tony, "Ralph Stanley", Banjo Song Book, Oak Publications, 1977
  4. "Old-Time Man" interview by Don Harrison June 2008 Virginia Living, p. 56-7.
  5. "Old-Time Man" interview by Don Harrison June 2008 Virginia Living, p. 57.
  6. "Ralph Stanley II". Ralphstanleyii.com. Archived from the original on March 2, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
  7. Freeman, Jon (June 26, 2013). "Dr. Ralph Stanley Announces Farewell Tour". Country Weekly. Archived from the original on October 8, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
  8. "Ralph Stanley & Dwight Yoakam - Bluegrass Duet". YouTube. September 28, 2008. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
  9. Stanley, Ralph; Dean, Eddie (October 15, 2009). Man of Constant Sorrow: My Life and Times. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-101-14878-5.
  10. Lawless, John (June 26, 2013). "Ralph Stanley announces his final tour". Bluegrass Today. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
  11. "Dr. Ralph Stanley". drralphstanleymusic.com.
  12. "Bluegrass legend Ralph Stanley dies at the age of 89". Wdbj7.com. June 22, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  13. "Ralph Stanley". Praguefrank's Country Music Discographies. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  14. "Ralph Stanley". Discography of Bluegrass Sound Recordings, 1942–. ibiblio. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  15. Musicians mix genres in 'Re:Generation' documentary, USA Today, February 16, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  16. "NEA National Heritage Fellowships 1984". www.arts.gov. National Endowment for the Arts. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  17. "Artist: Ralph Stanley". www.grammy.com. Recording Academy. 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  18. "Ralph Stanley – Living Legends – Awards and Honors – About the Library (Library of Congress)". Loc.gov. February 25, 1927. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
  19. "Yale awards 12 honorary degrees at 2014 graduation". May 19, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  20. "Dr. Ralph Stanley". drralphstanleymusic.com.
  21. "Opry's oldest member is now Ralph Stanley". WIXY. January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
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