Polokwane

Polokwane (UK: /ˌpɒləˈkwɑːnɪ/[3], meaning "Place of Safety" in Northern Sotho[4][5][6]), also known by its former name, Pietersburg, is a city and the capital of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. It is South Africa's largest urban centre north of Gauteng. Polokwane was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

Polokwane

Pietersburg
Polokwane's City Centre
Polokwane
Polokwane
Polokwane
Coordinates: 23°54′00″S 29°27′00″E
Country South Africa
ProvinceLimpopo
DistrictCapricorn
MunicipalityPolokwane
Established1886
Government
 • Executive MayorThembi Nkadimeng[1] (ANC)
Area
 • Total106.84 km2 (41.25 sq mi)
Elevation
1,310 m (4,300 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total130,028
 • Density1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)
 • Black African74.4%
 • Coloured3.7%
 • Indian/Asian3.1%
 • White18.2%
 • Other0.5%
First languages (2011)
 • Northern Sotho45.9%
 • Afrikaans19.8%
 • English10.3%
 • Venda6.7%
 • Other17.3%
Time zoneUTC+2 (SAST)
Postal code (street)
0699
PO box
0700
Area code015
BirdNorthern royal albatross
FlowerBlue squill
Websitewww.polokwane.gov.za

History

In the 1840s, Voortrekkers under the leadership of Andries Potgieter established Zoutpansbergdorp, a town 100 km (62 mi) to the northwest. This settlement had to be abandoned because of clashes with the local tribes. They founded a new town in 1886 and named it "Pietersburg" in honour of Voortrekker leader Petrus Jacobus Joubert. The British built a concentration camp at Pietersburg during the Boer War to incarcerate almost 4,000 Boer women and children. The town officially became a city on 23 April 1992; on 25 February 2005, the government declared the official name of the city as Polokwane, a name that was generally in use by the speakers of Northern Sotho. The city was host to 52nd national conference of the African National Congress, held in December 2007 and saw Jacob Zuma voted as President of the ANC.[7][8]

Demographics

In 1904, Pietersburg had a population of 3,276, of whom 1,620 (49.5%) were whites.[9] Pietersburg was a white-designated area during apartheid, so had an overwhelming white majority before 1990. After the dismantling of apartheid, the city still retained a large white population. Neighbouring townships have black majorities.[10]

The South African census showed the population of Polokwane City as 130,028 with 43,846 households in the 2011 census.

GroupPercentage[11]
Black African74,4%
Coloured3,7%
Indian/Asian3,1%
White18,2%
Other0,6%

Districts/suburbs/townships
Jacaranda trees line many streets in Polokwane, blooming purple blossoms in October every year.

Popular suburbs in the city include Westenburg, Nirvana, Bendor, Welgelegen, Moregloed, Annadale, Ivydale, Flora Park, Fauna Park, Penina Park, Ivy Park, Hospital Park, Ster Park, Dalmada, Broadlands, Woodlands, Southern Gateway and Thornhill.[12]

Besides the above-mentioned suburbs in the city, three clusters of suburbs around the city exist:[13]

  • The Seshego cluster - on the north-west outskirts of the city
  • Molepo/Maja/Chuene cluster - 20 km south of the city centre
  • Mankweng/Sebayeng/Dikgale cluster - 30 km east of the city centre

Climate
Polokwane
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
82
 
 
28
17
 
 
60
 
 
28
17
 
 
52
 
 
27
15
 
 
33
 
 
24
12
 
 
11
 
 
22
8
 
 
5
 
 
20
5
 
 
3
 
 
20
4
 
 
6
 
 
22
7
 
 
17
 
 
25
10
 
 
43
 
 
26
13
 
 
85
 
 
27
15
 
 
81
 
 
27
16
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: SAWS[14]

Polokwane features a semiarid climate under the Köppen climate classification. Despite its position on the Tropic of Capricorn,[15] the climate is tempered by its position on a plateau 1230 m above sea level.[16] Average temperatures reach around 21–22 °C (70–72 °F) in January and fall to 11 °C (52 °F) in July.[16] As with much of inland South Africa, Polokwane has experienced notably warmer seasons over the last decade than its long-term average.[17] Polokwane has a dry climate with a summer rainy season and a pronounced dry spell during winter. Average annual rainfall is 495 mm (19.5 in), with December or (less often) January the wettest month and July the driest.[18]

Climate data for Polokwane (1961−1990, extremes 1953–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.1
(98.8)		 38.4
(101.1)		 34.5
(94.1)		 33.9
(93.0)		 32.8
(91.0)		 28.6
(83.5)		 27.8
(82.0)		 32.0
(89.6)		 36.8
(98.2)		 37.0
(98.6)		 37.4
(99.3)		 36.8
(98.2)		 38.4
(101.1)
Average high °C (°F) 28.1
(82.6)		 27.6
(81.7)		 26.6
(79.9)		 24.4
(75.9)		 22.4
(72.3)		 19.6
(67.3)		 19.9
(67.8)		 22.1
(71.8)		 25.2
(77.4)		 26.1
(79.0)		 26.5
(79.7)		 27.4
(81.3)		 24.7
(76.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 22.0
(71.6)		 21.3
(70.3)		 20.7
(69.3)		 17.8
(64.0)		 14.7
(58.5)		 11.7
(53.1)		 11.8
(53.2)		 14.1
(57.4)		 17.5
(63.5)		 19.3
(66.7)		 20.3
(68.5)		 21.3
(70.3)		 17.7
(63.9)
Average low °C (°F) 17.1
(62.8)		 16.7
(62.1)		 15.3
(59.5)		 12.2
(54.0)		 7.9
(46.2)		 4.7
(40.5)		 4.4
(39.9)		 6.7
(44.1)		 10.4
(50.7)		 13.3
(55.9)		 15.2
(59.4)		 16.4
(61.5)		 11.7
(53.1)
Record low °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6)		 10.6
(51.1)		 7.9
(46.2)		 3.6
(38.5)		 0.2
(32.4)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 0.2
(32.4)		 5.0
(41.0)		 6.9
(44.4)		 8.8
(47.8)		 −3.5
(25.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 82
(3.2)		 60
(2.4)		 52
(2.0)		 33
(1.3)		 11
(0.4)		 5
(0.2)		 3
(0.1)		 6
(0.2)		 17
(0.7)		 43
(1.7)		 85
(3.3)		 81
(3.2)		 478
(18.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 1 1 5 8 7 47
Average relative humidity (%) 69 70 71 69 64 61 58 56 55 61 66 69 64
Mean monthly sunshine hours 253.2 220.8 241.4 232.0 271.0 261.1 279.1 281.3 276.6 264.7 235.3 254.0 3,070.5
Source 1: NOAA (normals and June record low only),[19] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[20]
Source 2: South African Weather Service[14]

Transport

Air

Polokwane is served by two airports. A public airport, Polokwane International Airport, (IATA: PTG, ICAO: FAPP),[21] is just north of the city, while the smaller Pietersburg Civil Airport (IATA: PTG, ICAO: FAPI) is south-east of the city.[22]

Roads
Nelson Mandela road traffic island on the approach to Polokwane

Polokwane lies roughly halfway between Gauteng (300 kilometres (190 mi)) and the Zimbabwean border (200 kilometres (120 mi)) on the N1 highway, which connects Zimbabwe with the major cities of South Africa, such as Pretoria, Johannesburg, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town.

The R37 provincial route connects the city with Nelspruit. Running east, the R71 connects the city with Tzaneen, Phalaborwa, Bushbuckridge, and the Kruger National Park. To north-east, is the R81 connecting the city with Giyani and Malamulele. The R521 connects the city with Alldays and the R567 via Seshego connects Polokwane with the N11. The R71 is also well known to bikers who ride through the city annually, making it the biggest bike meeting in Africa.

The Nelson Mandela road traffic island is situated on the outskirts of Polokwane when approaching from the direction of Johannesburg. It was built prior to the 2010 FIFA World Cup as part of beautifying the city for the event.

A number of private bus services run in the city and also services connect Polokwane to other major centers in the country.

Railways

Polokwane is connected to Johannesburg and other major centres by rail. Agricultural produce in the area, including tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar cane, peanuts, tea, bananas, and avocados, is also transported by freight rail.[23]

Society and culture

Media

The South African Broadcasting Corporation has a branch in the city.[24] The city also hosts a branch of the country's largest independent radio station, Jacaranda RM/FM, which is broadcast from either Pretoria, Mbombela or Polokwane.[25]

The first commercial radio station in Limpopo, CapricornFM, broadcasts from the city.[26] Two additional radio stations are also situated in Polokwane. These include Energy FM and Munghana Lonene FM. [27] [28]

The city has a selection of locally distributed newspapers. Two notable newspapers include The Review [29] and The Polokwane Observer.[30]

Gambling

The Sun International casino and hotel is in Polokwane. Meropa Casino and Entertainment World is a Moroccan-style, 24-hour casino with various outdoor entertainment amenities such as go-karts, minigolf, and a wildlife park.[31]

Museums, monuments and memorials
  • The Bakone Malapa Northern Sotho Open-Air Museum — Depicts the traditional and modern-day lifestyle of the Bakone people. The museum is centered on a traditional village still occupied by members of the tribe, who sell various crafts to tourists. Background information can be obtained in the visitor center. Within the museum complex are archaeological sites with remains of iron- and copper-smelting installations, as well as rock paintings from around 1000 B.C.[32]
  • Eersteling Monuments — The site of the country's first gold crushing site and its first gold power plant are marked by monuments.[33]
  • The Irish House — Historic building which functions as a museum.

Places of worship
Roman Catholic Church in Polokwane (Pietersburg)

One of the earliest churches established in Polokwane (then Pietersburg) was the "English Church." Prior to 1894, there were occasional services for the English Church held by visiting priests in the local Court House. Work began on building a church in Market Street in 1895. The building was completed in 1897 and Christ Church had a permanent venue. The church struggled with a lack of members during the Anglo-Boer war (Boer Wars) but regular services resumed in November 1901 and have continued to this day. The Anglican church moved from Market Street to Biccard Street in the 1960s. There is also a Roman Catholic church situated in Biccard street.

Synagogues

The first Jewish settlers in Pietersburg arrived between 1890 and 1900 from Lithuania, Russia, and Latvia, and the Pietersburg Hebrew Congregation was founded in 1897. A synagogue was built on Jorissen Street in 1921. The Jewish community grew rapidly in the 1930s and 1940s; a larger synagogue was built in 1953 and the old synagogue was then converted into a communal hall. The number of Jews in Pietersburg began to decline from the late 1950s. In 2003, as the congregation had dwindled, the synagogue was closed and its benches, bimah, and other contents were shipped to Israel, where they were installed in the Mevasser Synagogue in Tel Mond in memory of the Pietersburg synagogue.[34]

Sports
Peter Mokaba Stadium

Golf

The Pietersburg Golf Club along with the golf course was established in the late 1800s. The immaculate lush green course comprises a full 18 holes. Retief Goosen (born 3 February 1969) was born in Pietersburg and honed his skills at the Pietersburg Golf Club.

Cricket

The Polokwane Cricket Club is one of the oldest in the country and was established in 1902.[35]

Netball

The Limpopo Baobabs represents the city as well as the province of Limpopo in the Brutal Fruit Netball Cup. South African Spar Protea goal shooter Lenize Potgieter was also born in Polokwane.

Rugby

Noordelikes Rugby Club is the largest amateur rugby club based in the city.[36]

Starting in 2013, the city will host a Limpopo provincial team in the Vodacom Cup.[37]

Springbok rugby captain, Victor Matfield grew up in Polokwane. Former Springbok rugby captain John Smit was born in Polokwane.

Football

Winners Park F.C., Black Leopards F.C. and Polokwane City F.C., and Baroka F.C., South African football clubs, are based in the city.

Swimming

Polokwane has a number of swimming clubs. Former Olympic gold-medalist and world-record swimmer Lyndon Ferns is from the city.

Tennis

A large tennis club is situated in the city, and various local tournaments are held regularly.

Baseball

In 2017, Gift Ngoepe, born in then Pietersburg, became the first African player in the Major League Baseball, playing shortstop and second base for the Pittsburgh Pirates. Ngoepe's mother Maureen managed the baseball clubhouse in Randburg, near Johannesburg. Ngoepe's brother Victor also plays in the Pirates' farm system[38]

Stadiums

Tourism
War memorial outside the Polokwane Art Gallery consisting of hundreds of guns melted after the Anglo-Boer war

Polokwane provides access to various nature and wildlife viewing opportunities for ecotourists. The Polokwane Bird and Reptile Park is home to over 280 species of birds. The Polokwane Game Reserve houses various South African species of wildlife, birdlife, and plants in an unspoiled bushveld environment. The Moletzie Bird Sanctuary protects rare birds like the Cape vulture. The Modjadji Rainforest near Duiwelskloof holds the largest concentration of indigenous cycads in the world, and Cheune Crocodile Farm provides a place to learn about the life of crocodiles.[33]

An extensive art collection is preserved in Polokwane's art gallery, open to the public. The city has more public sculptures per capita in its parks than elsewhere in South Africa. Polokwane was also the first to unveil a bust of the ex-president Nelson Mandela in its City Square (Civic Gardens), and it was authorised by Nelson Mandela personally.[40]

The city is considered the premier hunting destination in South Africa.[41]

Commerce

The city hosts several major industries such as Coca-Cola[42], Freshmark (a division of Shoprite Checkers), and South African Breweries.[43] As the capital of the Limpopo province, the city also has a large commercial area with the four largest banks in the country all having at least three branches in the city. The city was well known for its manufacturing facility in Seshego of Tempest radios and hi-fis, the largest employer in the region.

Education

Tertiary education

The Tshwane University of Technology, and the University of South Africa both have satellite campuses in the city.[44][45] The University of Limpopo's Turfloop campus is situated about 30 km east of Polokwane.

Shopping malls
  • Limpopo Mall
  • Savannah Mall
  • Cycad Center
  • Seshego Circle
  • Platinum Park
  • Thornhill shopping center
  • Mall of the North[46]

Sister cities

Polokwane is a sister city with:

Notable people

Coats of arms

Municipal (1)

By 1931, the Pietersburg municipal council had assumed a pseudo-heraldic "coat of arms". The shield depicted a crossed pick and shovel, two crossed wheatsheaves, and the date 1904 surrounded by a rib and bearing the motto Labor omnia vincit. The crest was an ostrich.[47]

Municipal (2)

A proper coat of arms was designed in the 1960s. It was registered with the Transvaal Provincial Administration in August 1967[48] and at the Bureau of Heraldry in September 1969.[49]

The arms were : Azure, on a fess Argent, between in chief a lion passant Argent, armed and langued Gules, and in base two chevrons humette, and a horseshoe Argent, placed 2 and 1, two cogwheels Gules. In layman's terms, this was a blue shield displaying, from top to bottom, a silver lion with red tongue and claws, a silver stripe bearing two red cogwheels, and two silver chevrons and a horseshoe.

The crest was a golden eagle, and the motto, once again, was Labor omnia vincit.

Municipal (3)

The Polokwane municipal council registered a new coat of arms at the Bureau in October 2003.[49]

The arms are : Vert, on a fess Argent, a woven grain basket, between two hoes with blades turned inward proper, their handles towards centre-base counterchanged Or and issuant from a voided cogwheel the inner ring cotised Argent, therein a sun Or; on a chief of the last a short-clawed Lark (Mirafra chuana) perched upon a leaf of the silky thorn tree (Acacia rehmanniana) proper, between two demi-peaks with points embattled Brunatre, issuant from the respective shield flanks. In layman's terms, the shield depicts, from top to bottom, (1) a short-clawed lark perched on an acacia leaf between two stylised peaks, (2) a woven grain basket between two hoes on a silver background, and (3) a silver cogwheel on a green background.

Above the shield is a brown rustic crown. The motto is Unity - equity - prosperity.

gollark: And Windows 10 got its own exciting problems. Like forced updates, *advertising* inside it, random installation of useless junk...
gollark: It's more, well, less bad.
gollark: I'm not sure about "best".
gollark: I've got three-level "antivirus" in that I'm not insanely stupid, I run Linux and few virus authors bother to target it, and I install most stuff from my distro's package manager.
gollark: <@306998505862594569> I don't think it's an improvement for *users* much. Over 8, yes. Over 7, no.

References
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  2. "Main Place Polokwane". Census 2011.
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  18. GHCN monthly rainfall Pietersburg, NGDC, 1932-1992
  19. "Pietersburg Climate Normals 1961−1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
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  31. https://www.suninternational.com/meropa/
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  35. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-12-25. Retrieved 2010-12-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  37. "Limpopo set for Vodacom Cup". Sport 24. 16 January 2012.
  38. Tyler Kepner (8 May 2017). "First African to Play in the Major Leagues Is a 'Pinnacle' for Baseball". The New York Times. p. D1.
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  45. UNISA
  46. "Mall of the North | Welcome to great shopping". www.mallofthenorth.co.za. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
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  48. Transvaal Official Gazette 3288 (30 August 1967).
  49. http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za%5B%5D
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