Pakistan–Vietnam relations

Pakistan-Vietnam relations, or Pakistani-Vietnamese relations, refers to the bilateral relationship between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The relationship is largely based on mutual trade and international political cooperation between the two countries. Pakistan is represented in Vietnam by its embassy in Hanoi,[1] and Vietnam also maintains an embassy in Islamabad.[2] During the Cold War, Pakistan (a non-aligned nation at the official level) maintained close ties with the United States-led Western Bloc to counter rival India's allegiance with the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the United States was involved in the Vietnam War against Soviet-backed North Vietnam (which emerged the victor of the war and its government superseded that of South Vietnam) while in the same time period, Pakistan had engaged in two major wars with neighbouring India in 1965 and 1971, the latter of which resulted in a devastating defeat for Pakistan and saw the emergence of an independent Bangladesh. Due to the fact that Pakistan was an ally with the United States and had begun to indirectly wage war against the Soviets in Afghanistan with heavy U.S.-backing, relations became strained between the two, with Pakistan closing its diplomatic mission in Vietnam in 1980 and Vietnam doing the same in 1984. However, relations greatly improved in the 2000s, and Pakistan reopened its embassy in Hanoi in October 2000. Vietnam also reopened its embassy in Islamabad and trade office in Karachi in December and November 2005, respectively.[3] Relations between the two countries have continued to remain friendly, with Vietnam expressing an interest in increased economic and military cooperation with Pakistan.[4][5] The heads of both nations have in recent times paid official visits to each other, with Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf visiting Vietnam in May 2001 and Vietnamese President Trần Đức Lương also paying an official visit to Pakistan in March 2004.[6] Throughout the following decade, several visits were made by various Vietnamese and Pakistani ministries to each other. A major part of Pakistan's pursuit to enhance its relationship with Vietnam is outlined in Pakistan's "Vision East Asia" strategy.[7][8][9] The emergence of such a strategy came as a result of Pakistan's desire to balance its relations with Vietnam and other East Asian / Southeast Asian states by making an effort to circumvent Pakistan's close relationship with China and Vietnam's growing relationship with India—the former being a cause of concern for Vietnam due to its tense relationship with China and the latter being a cause of concern for Pakistan due to its rivalry and history of armed conflict with India.

Pakistani-Vietnamese relations

Pakistan
Vietnam

Vietnam provided US$50,000 worth of aid to Pakistan during the catastrophic 2010 floods.[10]

Country comparison
Official Name Islamic Republic of Pakistan Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Flag
State Emblem
Population 233,500,636 (2020 est.)[11] — 5th 97,338,579 (2020 est.)[12] — 15th
Area 881,913 km2 (340,509 mi2)[13] — 33rd 331,212 km2 (127,882 mi2)[14] — 65th
Population Density 287/km2 (742/mi2)[15] 297/km2 (768/mi2)[16]
Capital Islamabad Hanoi
Largest City Karachi (16,093,786)[17] Ho Chi Minh City (13,542,900)[18]
Government Federal Parliamentary Republic Unitary Marxist–Leninist One-Party Socialist Republic
First Leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah Lê Duẩn
Current Leader(s) President Arif Alvi

Prime Minister Imran Khan

 General Secretary and President Nguyễn Phú Trọng

Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc

Ruling Political Party Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Communist Party of Vietnam
Official Language(s) English, Urdu Vietnamese
Main Religions Islam (96%)

Hinduism (2%)

Christianity (2%)[19]

 Vietnamese Folk Religion (73%)

Buddhism (13%)

Christianity (7%)[20]

Ethnic Groups Punjabi (45%)

Pashtun (15%)

Sindhi (14%)

Sariaki (8%)

Muhajir (8%)

Baloch (4%)

Other (6%)[21]

 Kinh (86%)

Tày (2%)

Tai (2%)

Mường (1.5%)

Khmer Krom (1.5%)

Hmong (1%)

Other (6%)[22]

Human Development Index (HDI) 0.562 (medium)[23] — 150th 0.693 (medium)[24] — 118th
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

— Nominal

 US$314.6 billion (2018)[25] — 40th US$245.2 billion (2018)[26] — 45th
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

— Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

 US$1.2 trillion (2020 est.)[27] — 23rd US$836.6 billion (2020 est.)[28] — 28th
Military Expenditures (US$) $11.4 billion[29] — 35th $5.5 billion[30] — 39th
Military Strength Ranking

— Worldwide Power Index

 0.2364[31] — 15th

• Declared nuclear weapons state

 0.3559[32] — 22nd

• Non-nuclear weapons state

Trade between the two countries increased from US$10 million in 1999 to US$150 million in 2008.[33] Pakistan is Vietnam's largest tea importer.[34] Vietnam's imports from Pakistan consist of cotton, leather and pharmaceutical products. Potential for imports from Pakistan include motorcycles, surgical instruments and investment in coal mining and aquaculture.[35][36] Vietnam has also purchased military equipment and armaments from Pakistan, causing tensions in its relationship with India.[37]

Meanwhile, Vietnam has the potential to export raw rubber and various rubber products and machinery to Pakistan.

Political cooperation

In May 2001 General Pervez Musharraf, paid an official visit to Vietnam. In March 2004, President Trần Đức Lương, at the invitation of President Pervez Musharraf, also visited Pakistan.[38] Pakistan considers Vietnam an important diplomatic partner, because of Vietnam full membership of ASEAN, and Vietnam support of Pakistan's bid to be a full dialogue partner of ASEAN.[39] Therefore, under the Pakistan "East Asia Vision Strategy" foreign policy, Vietnam has the potential to promote Pakistan's mutual interests in ASEAN, whereas Pakistan supports Vietnam bid for non-permanent membership of the United Nations Security Council.[40] Vietnam's support for Pakistan in 2011 for EU duty waiver for its textile products has also been seen as very critical by Pakistani diplomats.[41]

Pakistan's counter to Indian influence in Vietnam

Pakistan has been seriously following Vietnamese diplomacy and has a sense of wary over the development of strong ties between India and Vietnam, consequently having the potential of deteriorating relations between Pakistan and Vietnam. This is due to the fact that Pakistan is a long-time close ally of China, the latter of which has tense relations with Vietnam. Developments in Vietnam's relations with Pakistan's rival India would prove to be a major problem for Pakistan. To circumvent this, Pakistan's "East Asia Vision Strategy" was projected in order to balance Pakistani-Vietnamese relations.[42]

Pakistanis in Vietnam

Areas with a significant population of Pakistanis in Vietnam include the cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.

Vietnamese in Pakistan

Many factors contribute to the limited presence of Vietnamese communities and culture within Pakistan, most notably the latter's close relationship with China. Due to the absence of a strong historical connection and no close relations between the two countries (as well as the geographical distance between them), there continues to be a lack of interaction between the Vietnamese and Pakistani people (not taking into account the diasporas of both communities that are present in countries such as the United States and Canada). Despite this, it is not uncommon for the two communities to cross paths as Pakistan regularly hosts a respectable amount of Vietnamese tourists and small communities of Vietnamese people and cuisine can be found in Karachi.

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References
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  2. Vietnam Embassy in Pakistan
  3. "Pakistan - Vietnam Relations". www.mofa.gov.vn. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  4. "Vietnam wants enhanced trade and economic relations with Pakistan". The Nation. 2018-01-31. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  5. An, Bộ Công. "Vietnam, Pakistan beef up cooperation on security". en.bocongan.gov.vn. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  6. "Vietnam-Pakistan Relations". www.mofa.gov.vn. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  7. "Pakistan's "Vision East Asia" Strategy" (PDF). Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  8. Khan, Muhammad Nawaz (2018-06-16). "ASEAN: Pakistan's Vision East Asia". Regional Rapport. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  9. "Guest Lecture – Pakistan's Vision East Asia: Challenges and Opportunities : Islamabad Policy Research Institute". Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  10. Vietnam assists Pakistan’s flood victims Archived 2010-10-24 at the Wayback Machine
  11. "Country Comparison :: Population — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  12. "Population by Country (2020) - Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  13. "Where is Pakistan?". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  14. "Vietnam Map / Geography of Vietnam / Map of Vietnam - Worldatlas.com". www.worldatlas.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  15. "Pakistan Population (2020) - Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  16. "Vietnam population (2020) live — Countrymeters". countrymeters.info. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  17. "Karachi Population 2020 (Demographics)". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  18. "General Statistics Office of Vietnam - Population and Employment". GSO Vietnam. Archived from the original on 2015-04-22. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  19. "Religion in Pakistan". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  20. "Major Religions in Vietnam". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  21. "Ethnic Groups In Pakistan". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  22. "Largest Ethnic Groups In Vietnam". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  23. "| Human Development Reports". hdr.undp.org. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  24. "United Nations HDI Report" (PDF). UNDP. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  25. "World Development Indicators - Google Public Data Explorer". www.google.com. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  26. "World Development Indicators - Google Public Data Explorer". www.google.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  27. "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  28. "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  29. "Data for all countries from 1988–2018 in constant (2017) USD (pdf)" (PDF). STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE. 2017–2018. Retrieved 25 April 2020.CS1 maint: date format (link)
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  31. "2020 Pakistan Military Strength". www.globalfirepower.com. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  32. "2020 Vietnam Military Strength". www.globalfirepower.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
  33. "Pakistan, Vietnam to review progress on trade". Archived from the original on 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2010-12-28.
  34. Technology needed for VN tea aroma to spread Archived 2010-12-29 at the Wayback Machine
  35. Pakistan calls for more investment from Vietnam Archived 2010-07-20 at the Wayback Machine
  36. Vietnam Keen to Enhance Trade with Pakistan - Nguyen Quang Thuc
  37. "Despite India's protests, Vietnam buys arms from Pakistan". Rahul Bedi. Hindustan Times.
  38. Viet Nam – Pakistan Relations
  39. Vietnam enhances economic ties with Pakistan, Bangladesh Archived 2009-11-16 at the Wayback Machine
  40. Vietnam - one of the important elements of Pakistan “East Asia Vision Strategy” policy
  41. Pakistan edges closer to EU duty waiver -diplomat, Reters, 26 May 2011
  42. "Vision East Asia – The Diplomat". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
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