Federal parliamentary republic
A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and sub-national levels. It is a combination of the government republic and the parliamentary republic.
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Such republics usually possess a bicameral legislature at the federal level out of necessity, so as to allow for a set, often equal number of representatives of the sub-national entities to sit in the upper house; however, the government, headed by a head of government, will be depending upon the lower house of parliament for its stability or legitimacy.
List of federal parliamentary republics
| Federation | Style | Formerly | Head of state elected by | Head of state | Head of government | Established | Head of government elected by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Republic of Austria | One-party state (as part of Nazi Germany) |
States of Austria | President of Austria | Chancellor of Austria | 1945 | Direct, by second-round system |
 |
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia | One-party state | Regions of Ethiopia | President of Ethiopia | Prime Minister of Ethiopia | 1991 | Parliament, by two-thirds majority |
 |
Federal Republic of Germany | One-party state | States of Germany | President of Germany | Chancellor of Germany | 1949 | Federal Assembly (parliament and state delegates), by absolute majority |
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Republic of India | Constitutional monarchy (as the Dominion of India) |
States of India | President of India | Prime Minister of India | 1950 | Electoral College, parliament and state legislators, by single transferable vote |
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Republic of Iraq | One-party state | Regions of Iraq | President of Iraq | Prime Minister | 2005 | Parliament, by two-thirds majority |
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Federated States of Micronesia | UN Trust Territory (part of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) |
Subdivisions of Micronesia | President of Micronesia |
1986 | Parliament, by majority | |
 |
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal | Constitutional monarchy | Subdivisions of Nepal | President of Nepal | Prime Minister of Nepal | 2015 | Parliament and state legislators |
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Islamic Republic of Pakistan | Semi-presidential republic | Subdivisions of Pakistan | President of Pakistan | Prime Minister of Pakistan | 2010 | Electoral College, by two-thirds majority |
 |
Federal Republic of Somalia | One-party state | Subdivisions of Somalia | President of Somalia | Prime Minister of Somalia | 2012 | Parliament |
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Swiss Confederation | Confederation | Cantons of Switzerland | 1848 | Federal Assembly (parliament and canton delegates), by absolute majority | ||
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See also
External links
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