Kwanyama dialect

Kwanyama or Cuanhama is a national language of Angola and Namibia. It is a standardized dialect of the Ovambo language, and is mutually intelligible with Oshindonga, the other Ovambo dialect with a standard written form.

Kwanyama
Oshikwanyama
Native toNamibia and Angola
RegionOvamboland
Native speakers
(250,000 in Namibia (2006);
420,000 in Angola cited 1993)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-1kj
ISO 639-2kua
ISO 639-3kua
Glottologkuan1247[2]
R.21[3]
Linguasphere99-AUR-la

The entire Christian Bible has been translated into Kwanyama and was first published in 1974 under the name Ombibeli by the South African Bible Society.[4] Jehovah’s Witnesses released the modern translation of the new testament, the New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures in Kwanyama in 2019[5], both printed and electronic online version.

Phonology
Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t~t̪ tʃ k
voiced b d~d̪ dʒ
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ⁿdʒ ᵑɡ
Fricative voiceless f (s) ʃ x h
voiced v
Nasal voiced m n ɲ
voiceless m̥ n̥ ɲ̊ ŋ̊
Approximant w l j

/t/ and /d/ are dentalized when followed by a front vowel /i/. An /s/ sound can only occur in loanwords.

Vowels
Front Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a
gollark: Unfortunate.
gollark: Get as many TPU VMs as possible and install distributed filesystem software on them.
gollark: You can always just put your data in /tmp and hope nobody ever reboots it.
gollark: Apparently attempting to train this rapidly produces NaNs (even if I set the learning rate to 0 (yes, I know this won't actually train it, it was a test)). I may abandon this until it is the future and tooling/hardware is better.
gollark: My thing is now training on Colab, if somewhat slowly because FP16 refuses to work for no apparent reason.

References
  1. Kwanyama at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kuanyama". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  4. Ombibeli, 1974, front page
  5. "Jehovah's Witnesses Release the New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures in Kwanyama". Jw.org. 20 August 2019.

Bibliography
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