Bangi language

The Bangi language, or Bobangi, is a relative and main lexical source of Lingala spoken in central Africa. Dialects of the language are spoken on both sides of the Ubangi River and Congo River.

Not to be confused with the Bangime language of Mali.
Bangi
Bobangi
Native toRepublic of Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Native speakers
120,000 (2000)[1]
Dialects
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
bni – Bangi
mow – Moi
Glottologbang1354  Bangi[2]
moic1236  Moi[3]
C.32[4]

Use in trade

As the Bobangi people came to dominate the slave trade along the upper Congo River in the late 18th century, the Bangi language was used to facilitate trade between different ethnic groups in the region. Linguist John Whitehead claimed that the Moye, Likuba, Bonga, Mpama, Lusakani, and Bangala peoples all used Bangi for intercommunication in the 1890s. Traders in the region who did not speak Bangi used a trade language that borrowed heavily from Bangi.[5] At the height of indigenous trade along the upper river, the Bobangi dominated the 500 kilometer section of the Congo between the Kwah River and the equator, which most river trade passed through.[6] Other ethnic groups in this area were either assimilated into the Bobangi ethnic alliance, adopting the Bangi language, or were driven off.[7] However, the Bobangi dominance over trade was ended by Europeans in the late 19th century when colonial powers pushed local indigenous groups out of profitable trade. By the late twentieth century, there were very few Bobangi people remaining in the area they had controlled a century earlier, and the Bangi language is no longer widespread.[6]

Sources and references
gollark: Don't turtles generally run on *relative* direction stuff?
gollark: I mean, there is precedent for capitalizing words to distinguish them from the more generic version, but that doesn't seem particularly relevant here.
gollark: There's not anything stopping you from writing them in lowercase.
gollark: Not really.
gollark: What we really need, clearly, is formally specified English.

References
  1. Bangi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Moi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bangi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Moi (Congo)". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  5. Harns, Robert W. (1981). River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN 0300026161.
  6. Harms. River of Wealth, River of Sorrow. p. 7.
  7. Harms. River of Wealth, River of Sorrow. pp. 129–130.
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