No. 183 Squadron RAF

No. 183 (Gold Coast) Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force Squadron that was a fighter-bomber unit in World War II.

No. 183 (Gold Coast) Squadron RAF
Active1 November 1942 – 15 November 1945
Country United Kingdom
Branch Royal Air Force
Motto(s)Versatility[1]
Insignia
Squadron BadgeA demi-dragon holding rockets with maple leaves
Identification
symbol		HF (November 1942 – November 1945)

History

Formation

The squadron formed on 2 March 1942 at RAF Church Fenton and then equipped with rocket armed Typhoons. It was soon involved in attacks on targets in France from the UK.

On 18 April 1943 the squadron undertook a bombing raid on Yuinvale and again on 14 May at Tricqueville.[2] During June 1943 the squadron undertook shipping reconnaissance missions and rhubarbs, as well as a bombing attack at Morlaix. July was also a busy month for shipping reconnaissance missions.[2] On 16 August members of the squadron were attacked by Messerschmitt Bf 109s but no one was hit. On 23 September the squadron bombed Poulmic twice missing two Messerschmitt Bf 110s but hitting the hangar and dispersals. On 3 October, members of the squadron came across six Focke-Wulf Fw 190's off the French coast whilst escorting Mosquitos. Walter Dring shoots one into the sea whilst F/O Mitchell shoots down the other.[2] On the 22nd the squadron attacked destroyers in the harbour at St. Malo, with three direct hits and the destruction of a tanker being recorded. Two days later the squadron attacked a 6,000 ton merchant ship in Cherbourg Harbour. In November the squadron carried out a multitude of tasks including attacking a 4,000 ton ship with rocket projectiles on 22 November. On 25 December 1943 Walter Dring shot down a Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor.[2]

In January 1944 the squadron carried out a variety of sweeps but by the end of the month they have lost six pilots and the morale was poor.[2]

Relocation to the mainland of Europe
King George VI and his entourage of senior RAF officers walk over to Hawker Typhoon Mark IB, MN454 'HF-S', of No. 183 Squadron RAF, while inspecting aircraft and equipment which will be used in the forthcoming invasion of Normandy at Northolt, Middlesex. MN454 was flown by F H Scarlett, the Commanding Officer of 183 Squadron.

Following the D-Day landings on 6 June 1944 the squadron moved to airstrips on the beachhead in France, before joining the Allied advance across Europe via the Netherlands, attacking targets of opportunity on the battlefield. During this period it was one of the four squadrons in 123 Wing, 84 Group of 2nd Tactical Air Force, the others being 164, 198 and 609.[3]

After the Allied forces had crossed the Rhine River the squadron operated their aircraft with two 1000 lb bombs instead of the usual rockets and changed their role to attacking shipping around the Friesian Islands from a temporary airfield established at Lingen in Germany.[4] They also attacked the U-boat pens at Wilhelmshaven.

On 4 May 1945 last day of the war the squadron attacked German shipping. After the attacks, upon noticing that the main target was apparently undamaged, the squadron commander Jimmy Cullen and his number two returned and made a strafing run with cannon against the ship. However Cullen's aircraft SW454 was hit by flak and he had to crash land on a beach on Fehman Island. Captured, he was advised by the Germans that he had been attacking a ship which flying the white flag. The day after his imprisonment following the end of hostilities he found the cell door open. Thinking it was maybe an attempt to shoot him while attempting to escape he waited a day before making his way to a nearby beach, stealing about and making his way to mainland. There he requisitioned a car and made his way south until he meet an advancing American troops. He then returned to his command of the squadron.[5]

Following the end of hostilities the squadron relocated to a former Luftwaffe airbase at Wunsdorf, near Hanover.[6] The squadron returned to the UK after the end of hostilities in Europe and converted to Spitfires at RAF Chilbolton and then to Tempests in preparation for its deployment to the Asia theatre of operations.[7] Before this deployment could happen the war with Japan ended.

Post war

At the end of World War 2 with the draw down from war-time strength the RAF started to disband and renumber squadrons. Higher numbered squadrons were generally replaced with the lower, and so more senior, squadron numbers with the exception of famous units such as 617 Squadron were disbanded. As a result, the squadron was disbanded upon re-numbering as No. 54 Squadron RAF on 15 November 1945.

Aircraft operated
Aircraft operated by No. 183 Squadron RAF[8]
FromToAircraftVariant
Nov 1942Feb 1943Hawker HurricaneI
Nov 1942Dec 1942Hawker TyphoonIA
Nov 1942Jun 1945Hawker TyphoonIB
Jun 1945Nov 1945Supermarine SpitfireIX
Oct 1945Nov 1945Hawker TempestII

Squadron commanders

The following have commanded 617 Squadron:[9]

  • November 1942 to October 1943: Arthur V. Gowers.
  • 25 October 1943 to April 1944: Walter Dring DSO, DFC. Born 1916. Joins Squadron 183 in December 1942. Killed in action on 13 January 1945.[2]
  • April to July 1944: Felix Hugh Scarlett. Killed on 12 July 1944 after his Typhoon was hit by anti-aircraft fire while leading a four aircraft attack on the radar station on Cap d'Antifer in France.
  • July 1944 to January 1945: Reginald William Lee Mulliner DFC.[10]
  • January and February 1945: H.M. Mason, DFC. Born on 30 September 1921 in Napier, New Zealand. A former motor engineer he joined the RNZAF in May 1941. Following command of 183 squadron he was promoted to command No. 135 Wing.[11]
  • February 1945 to October 1945: James "Jimmy" Roy Cullen. DFC. Born in Waihi, New Zealand.[12]

Notable squadron members
  • Denis Adam. He was one of three German-born pilots to serve in the British Royal Air Force during the Second World War.<[13] As such, if he had been captured by the Germans, he was liable to execution as a traitor, rather than being treated as a prisoner of war.
  • Peter Edward "Slosher" Raw, DFC. On 21 Mar 1944 Flight lieutenant Raw took off from RAF Manston in a Typhoon heading for a sweep over Holland with the task of engaging enemy aircraft or ground targets of opportunity. They were strafing barges on the Meuse river when after being hit by anti-aircraft fire Raw's aircraft struck the mast of one of the barges and crashed a few hundred metres from the river. Raw was one of four brothers all of whom served with the Royal Air Force, with three losing their lives in the conflict.[14]

Notes
  1. Pine, LG (1983). A Dictionary of mottoes. London: Routledge & K. Paul. p. 249. ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
  2. "A Second World War "Typhoon" D.S.O., D.F.C., Pair To Wing Commander W. Dring, Royal Air Force". Bonhams. 13 June 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  3. Adam, page 34.
  4. Adam, pages 40 to 41.
  5. Adam, pages 37 to 40.
  6. Adam, page 41.
  7. Adam, page 42.
  8. Jefford, C.G (1988). RAF Squadrons: A Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of All RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents Since 1912. Ramsbury: UK Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
  9. Listemann, Phil (2013). "Fighter Squadrons 176-199". RAF in Combat. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  10. "Fifth Supplement to the London Gazette" (PDF). London Gazette. 1 December 1944. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  11. "New Zealanders with the Royal Air Force (Vol. II) Chapter 12 - Forward to the Rhine". Victoria University. 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  12. Adam, page 35.
  13. "Ken Adam: The Man With The Midas Touch". The Economist. 11 March 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  14. "Memorial to Flt Lt Raw14th November 2017". Royal Air Forces Association. November 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
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References
  • Adam, Denis (1996). Profile of a New Zealander: The Autobiography of Denis Adam. Wellington: Astra Publishing. ISBN 0-473-03742-4.
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