National Republican Movement

The National Republican Movement (Mouvement National Républicain or MNR) is a French nationalist political party, created by Bruno Mégret with former Club de l'Horloge members Yvan Blot (also a member of GRECE) and Jean-Yves Le Gallou, as a split from Jean-Marie Le Pen's National Front on 24 January 1999.

Mouvement National Républicain
LeaderAnnick Martin
Founded2 October 1999
Headquarters15 rue de Cronstadt
75015 Paris
IdeologyFrench nationalism
National conservatism
Social conservatism
Anti-immigration
Right-wing populism
Nouvelle Droite
Political positionFar-right[1]
European affiliationNone
International affiliationNone
ColoursBlue, White and Red
Seats in the National Assembly
0 / 577
Seats in the Senate
0 / 343
Seats in the European Parliament
0 / 72
Website
www.m-n-r.net
Constitution of France
Parliament; government; president

Although some political observers have labelled the MNR as a "far-right" party, the MNR presents itself as classical liberal and nationalist. It opposes immigration, Islamisation, philo-Semitism and the European Union, but, unlike the National Front, supports free markets, deregulation and privatisation.

Mégret has tried in the past to distance himself from Le Pen's provocative statements, in particular concerning Holocaust denial. In 2001, a call for reconciliation between the two parties was endorsed by Roland Gaucher.

History

Initially, Bruno Mégret was the chairman, with Serge Martinez vice-chairman, Jean-Yves Le Gallou, executive director and Franck Timmermans secretary-general. Other notable members of the party included Jean Haudry, Pierre Vial, Jean-Claude Bardet, Xavier Guillemot, Christian Bouchet and Maxime Brunerie. In 2000, the party had fewer than 5000 members, while its youth movement, the Movement National de la Jeunesse, headed by Philippe Schleiter, nephew of Robert Faurisson, had 1500 members.[2] The student union Renouveau Etudiant had close ties with the MNR thanks to Pierre Vial. The party was initially known as the Front National-Mouvement National, but was forced to change its name to Mouvement National Républicain on 2 October 1999 after being sued by Le Pen for trademark infringement.[3]

In 2000, via the organisation Promouvoir, the MNR sued successfully for the ban of the film Baise-moi to minors. Pierre Vial left the MNR in October 2001, Bruno Mégret having expressed solidarity with the US[4] after the 11 September 2001 attack on the World Trade Center. During the 2004 campaign for the regional elections, the MNR campaigned under the "No to Islamisation" slogan. In 2005, it campaigned against the proposed European Constitution and the possible accession of Turkey to the European Union; Bruno Mégret said that the Europeans, including France, were lying to the Turks by having them believe they could integrate within the EU, whereas public opinion would surely reject Turkey's membership in a referendum. As a result of MNR's poor electoral results, Franck Timmermans and a few other former MNR members formed a new party in 2005, called the Parti populiste (Populist Party, PP) which gravitated back towards the Front national (Timmermans will later join Front national's cantonal campaign by representing it in Saint-Nazaire, as other candidates in Northern France on March 2008).

As the Front national organised its traditional 1 May rally in Paris, to honour the memory of Joan of Arc, its president Jean-Marie Le Pen explicitly called for a union of all patriots, in the context of the approaching French presidential election of 2007. MNR, via Bruno Mégret, responded positively to this proposition, as did the Parti populiste. The Union des patriotes (Union of Patriots) was officially launched on 20 December 2006 by a symbolic reconciliation in Le Pen Montretout's mansion in Saint-Cloud, where both Le Pen and Mégret presented the initiative to the press, alongside their respective wives. The fundamental target for the MNR was to secure the support of some 140 signatures from great electors for Jean-Marie Le Pen's presidential candidacy, of the total of 500 required. In the end, the MNR could only collect 45 signatures.

Front national and Mouvement national républicain organised separate campaigns with their respective activists in favour of Jean-Marie Le Pen's candidacy, with the exception of a major Front national rally in Lyon on 11 March 2007 where Mégret made an appearance among the guests, although he did not speak from the platform). As a result, Mégret regularly criticised this situation, like during appearances on French television channels LCI and I>télé, where he criticises what he considered to be a strategy pursued by Front national general secretary Louis Aliot, and especially Marine Le Pen, intended to downplay the contribution and the efficiency of the Union des patriotes.

On 6 March 2008, Jean-Marie Le Pen claimed that the MNR was funded illegally by the UIMM, the steel industry branch of the Medef. Bruno Mégret denied these accusations, and counter-claimed that it was foolish for Jean Marie Le Pen to make such claims, as he has been already alleged to be funded by Saddam Hussein and the Unification Church of Sun Myung Moon. In an interview to France 2 on the same day, Le Pen clarified that he had not claimed Bruno Mégret was personally receiving funds from UIMM.[5][6]

Later in 2008, Bruno Mégret stepped down from party leadership and retired from political life.

Electoral results
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See also

References
  1. http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/elections/presidentielle-le-mnr-fonde-par-megret-appelle-a-qualifier-fillon-face-a-le-pen_1899892.html
  2. Stephen Roth Institute Report Archived 2012-11-19 at the Wayback Machine (Tel Aviv University, 2000)
  3. Paul Webster, "Le Pen win cuts far right's lifeline", The Guardian, 12 May 1999
  4. Searchlight Magazine France - The end in sight for Mégret? January 2003
  5. Le Pen et Mégret échangent des noms d'oiseaux Libération, 6 March 2008. (source: Agence France-Presse)
  6. Mégret:"doutes sur la lucidité" de Le Pen Le Figaro, 6 March 2008 (source: Agence France-Presse)
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