Monte Carlo Rally
The Monte Carlo Rally or Rallye Monte Carlo (officially Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo) is a rallying event organised each year by the Automobile Club de Monaco which also organises the Formula One Monaco Grand Prix and the Rallye Monte-Carlo Historique. The rally now takes place along the French Riviera in the Principality of Monaco and southeast France. Previously, competitors would set off from all four corners of Europe and 'rally', in other words, meet, in Monaco to celebrate the end of a unique event. From its inception in 1911 by Prince Albert I it was an important means of demonstrating improvements and innovations to automobiles.
| Monte Carlo Rally | |
|---|---|
 1911–2011 Centenary logo | |
| Status | active |
| Genre | motorsporting event |
| Frequency | annual |
| Location(s) | France and Monaco |
| Inaugurated | 1911 |
A staging post from the 1959 Monte Carlo Rally
1911 – Henri Rougier and the victorious 25Hp Turcat-Méry before the inaugural Monte Carlo rally
1964 outright winning Morris-Mini Cooper S
Stéphane Sarrazin driving a Subaru Impreza WRC2005 on the 2005 rally.
Marcus Grönholm driving a Peugeot 307 WRC on the 2004 rally.
Carlos Sainz driving a Toyota Corolla WRC on the 1999 rally.
History
1911 beginnings and controversy
In 1909 the Automobile Club de Monaco (Sport Automobile Velocipédique Monégasque) started planning a car rally at the behest of Albert I, Prince of Monaco. The Monte Carlo Rally was to start at points all over Europe and converge on Monte Carlo. In January 1911 23 cars set out from 11 different locations and Henri Rougier was among the nine who left Paris to cover a 1,020 kilometres (634 mi) route. The event was won by Rougier in a Turcat-Méry 25 Hp. The rally comprised both driving and then somewhat arbitrary judging based on the elegance of the car, passenger comfort and the condition in which it arrived in the principality. The outcry of scandal when the results were published changed nothing, so Rougier was proclaimed the first winner.[1][2]
1966 controversy
The 1966 event was the most controversial in the history of the Rally. The first four finishers, driving three Mini-Coopers, Timo Mäkinen, Rauno Aaltonen and Paddy Hopkirk, and Roger Clark's 4th-placed Ford Cortina were all disqualified because they used non-dipping single filament quartz iodine bulbs in their headlamps, in place of the standard double filament dipping glass bulbs, which are fitted to the series production version of each models sold to the public.[3] This elevated Pauli Toivonen (Citroën ID) into first place overall. Rosemary Smith (Hillman Imp) was also disqualified from sixth place, after winning the Coupe des Dames, the ladies' class. In all, ten cars were disqualified.[4] Teams threatened to boycott the event.[5] The headline in Motor Sport read "The Monte Carlo Fiasco."[6]
Recent history
From 1973 to 2008 the rally was held in January as the first event of the FIA World Rally Championship, but between 2009 to 2011 it has been the opening round of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge (IRC) programme, a championship for N/A 4WD cars, before returning to the WRC championship season again in 2012. As recently as 1991, competitors were able to choose their starting points from approximately five venues roughly equidistant from Monte Carlo (one of Monaco's administrative areas) itself.
With often varying conditions at each starting point (typically comprising dry tarmac, wet tarmac, snow, and ice, sometimes all in a single stage of the rally), this event places a big emphasis on tyre choices, as a driver has to balance the need for grip on ice and snow with the need for grip on dry tarmac. For the driver, this is often a difficult choice as the tyres that work well on snow and ice normally perform badly on dry tarmac.
The Automobile Club de Monaco confirmed on 19 July 2010 that the 79th Monte-Carlo Rally would form the opening round of the new Intercontinental Rally Challenge season.[7] To mark the centenary event, the Automobile Club de Monaco has also confirmed that Glasgow, Barcelona, Warsaw and Marrakesh have been selected as start points for the rally.
Col de Turini
This rally features one of the most famous special stages in the world. The stage is run from La Bollène-Vésubie to Sospel, or the other way around, over a steep and tight mountain road with many hairpin turns. On this 31km route it passes over the Col de Turini, a mountain pass road which normally has ice and/or snow on sections of it at that time of the year. Spectators also throw snow on the road—in 2005, Marcus Grönholm and Petter Solberg both ripped a wheel off their cars when they skidded on snow probably placed there by spectators, and crashed into a wall. Grönholm went on to finish fifth, but Solberg was forced to retire as the damage to his car was extensive. In the same event, Sébastien Loeb set one of the fastest times in the modern era, with 21 minutes 40 seconds.
Sospel has an elevation of 479m, and the D70 has a maximum elevation of 1603m, for an average gradient of 6.7%. The Turini is also driven at night, with thousands of fans watching the "Night of Turini", also known as the "Night of the Long Knives" due to the strong high beam lights cutting through the night.[8][9] In the 2007 edition of the rally, the Turini was not used, but it returned for the 2008 route.[10] For both the 2009 and 2010 event the stage was run at night and shown live on Eurosport.
Past winners
(list by driver / co-driver and vehicle type)
1911–1972
| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1911 | Henri Rougier (Turcat-Mery) | Aspaigu (Gobron) | Jules Beutler / Von Esmarch (Martini) |
| 1912 | Jules Beutler (Berliet) | Von Eismark (Dunkop) | Paul Meuiner (Delaunay-Belleville) |
| 1913–23 | |||
| 1924 | Jacques Edouard Ledure (Bignan) | de Marquet (Métallurgique) | Barbillon (Bignan) |
| 1925 | François Repusseau (Renault) | Mertens (Lancia Lambda) | Lamarche (FN) |
| 1926 | Victor A. Bruce / W J Brunell (Autocarrier) | Pierre Bussienne (Sizaire Frères) | Marika (Citroën) |
| 1927 | Marcel Lefebvre-Despeaux (Amilcar CGSS)[11] | Pierre Clausse (Celtic-Bignani) | Pierre Bussienne (Sizaire-Frères) |
| 1928 | Jacques Bignan (Fiat) | P. Malaret (Fiat) | Charlotte Versigny (Talbot) |
| 1929 | Sprenger van Eijk (Graham-Paige) | Viktor Szmick/Emánuel Csajkovszky (Weiss-Manfred) | Visser (Lancia) |
| 1930 | Hector Petit (Licorne) | Alexandru C. Berlesco (DeSoto) | Abel Blin D'Orimont (Studebaker) |
| 1931 | Donald Healey / Lewis Pearce (Invicta) | J-P Wimille (Lorraine) | Lucy Schell (Bugatti) |
| 1932 | Maurice Vaselle / Duhamel (Hotchkiss) G de Lavelette/C de Cortanze (Peugeot) | Donald Healey (Invicta) | Boris Ivanovsky / Mary Ham (Ford) |
| 1933 | Maurice Vasselle (Hotchkiss) | Robert Guyot (Renault) | Germaine Rouault / Julio Quinlin (Salmson) |
| 1934 | Louis Gas / Jean Trévoux (Hotchkiss) | Marc Chauvierre / Lanciano (Chenard-Walcker) | Donald Healey (Triumph Gloria) |
| 1935 | Charles Lahaye / René Quatresous (Renault) | Jack C. Ridley (Triumph Gloria) | Lucie Schell (Delahaye) |
| 1936 | Petre G. Cristea / Ionel Zamfirescu (Ford) | Lucie Schell (Delahaye) | Charles Lahaye / René Quatresous (Renault) |
| 1937 | René Le Bègue / Julio Quinlin (Delahaye) | P de Massa / Mahe (Talbot) | Ionel Zamfirescu / Trévoux (Hotchkiss) |
| 1938 | Gerard Bakker-Schut / Karel Ton (Ford) | Jean Trévoux / Marcel Lesurque (Hotchkiss) | Charles Lahaye / René Quatresous (Renault) |
| 1939 | Jean Trévoux / Marcel Lesurque (Hotchkiss) Jean Paul / M. Contet (Delahaye) |
No second place, joint first place | Ernest Mutsaerts / André Kouwenberg (Ford) |
| 1940–48 | |||
| 1949 | Jean Trévoux / Marcel Lesurque (Hotchkiss) | Maurice Worms / E Mouche (Hotchkiss) | František Dobry / Z Treybal (Bristol) |
| 1950 | Marcel Becquart / Henri Secret (Hotchkiss) | Maurice Gatsonides / K S Barendregt (Humber Super Snipe) |
Julio Quinlin /Jean Behra (Simca 8) |
| 1951 | Jean Trévoux / Roger Crovetto (Delahaye 175) | Comte de Monte Real / M J Palma (Ford) | C Vard / A Young (Jaguar Mk V) |
| 1952 | Sydney Allard / Guy Warburton (Allard P1) | Stirling Moss / D Scannell / John Cooper (Sunbeam-Talbot 90) |
Dr Angelvin / Miss Angelvin (Simca Sport) |
| 1953 | Maurice Gatsonides / Peter Worledge (Ford Zephyr) | Ian Appleyard / Pat Appleyard (Jaguar Mark VII) | Roger Marion / Jean Charmasson (Citroën Six) |
| 1954 | Louis Chiron / Ciro Basadonna (Lancia Aurelia GT) | Pierre David / Paul Barbier (Peugeot 203) | André Blanchard / Marcel Lecoq (Panhard 750) |
| 1955 | Per Malling / Gunnar Fadum (Sunbeam-Talbot 90) | Georges Gillard / Roger Duget (Panhard 850) | Hanns Gerdum / Joachim Kühling (Mercedes-Benz 220) |
| 1956 | Ronnie Adams / Frank Biggar / D Johnston (Jaguar Mark VII) | Walter Schock / K Raebe (Mercedes-Benz 220) | M Grosgogeat / P Biaginin (DKW) |
| 1957 | |||
| 1958 | Guy Monraisse / Jacques Feret (Renault Dauphine) | Alexandre Gacon / Leo Borsa (Alfa Romeo Giulietta) | Leif Vold-Johansen / Finn Koperud (DKW) |
| 1959 | Paul Coltelloni / Pierre Alexandre / Claude Desrosiers (Citroën ID 19) | André Thomas / Jean Delliere (Simca Aronde) | Pierre Surles / Jacques Piniers (Panhard 850) |
| 1960 | Walter Schock / Rolf Moll (Mercedes-Benz 220SE) | Eugen Böhringer / Hermann Socher (Mercedes-Benz 220SE) | Eberhard Mahle / Roland Ott (Mercedes-Benz 220SE) |
| 1961 | Maurice Martin / Roger Bateau (Panhard PL 17) | Walter Löffler / Hans Joachim Walter (Panhard PL 17) | Guy Jouanneaux / Alain Coquillet (Panhard PL 17) |
| 1962 | Erik Carlsson / Gunnar Häggbom (Saab 96 #303) | Eugen Böhringer / P Lang (Mercedes-Benz 220SE) | Paddy Hopkirk / Jack Scott (Sunbeam Rapier) |
| 1963 | Erik Carlsson / Gunnar Palm (Saab 96 #283) | Pauli Toivonen / Anassi Järvi (Citroën ID19) | Rauno Aaltonen / Tony Ambrose (Mini Cooper) |
| 1964 | Paddy Hopkirk / Henry Liddon (Morris Mini Cooper S) [12] | Bo Ljungfeldt / Fergus Sager (Ford Falcon) | Erik Carlsson / Gunnar Palm (Saab 96) |
| 1965 | Timo Mäkinen / Paul Easter (Mini Cooper S) | Eugen Böhringer / Rolf Wütherich (Porsche 904) | Pat Moss / Ann Wisdom (Saab 96) |
| 1966 | Pauli Toivonen / Ensio Mikander (Citroën ID) | René Trautmann / Jean-Pierre Hanrioud (Lancia Flavia) | Ove Andersson / Rolf Dahlgren (Lancia Flavia) |
| 1967 | Rauno Aaltonen / Henry Liddon (Mini Cooper S) | Ove Andersson / John Davenport (Lancia Fulvia) | Vic Elford / David Stone (Porsche 911S) |
| 1968 | Vic Elford / David Stone (Porsche 911T) | Pauli Toivonen / Martti Tiukkanen (Porsche 911S) | Rauno Aaltonen / Henry Liddon (Mini Cooper S) |
| 1969 | Björn Waldegård / Lars Helmer (Porsche 911S) | Gérard Larrousse / Jean-Claude Perramond (Porsche 911S) | Jean Vinatier / Jean-François Jacob (Alpine-Renault A110) |
| 1970 | Björn Waldegård / Lars Helmer (Porsche 911S) | Gérard Larrousse / Maurice Gelin (Porsche 911S) | Jean-Pierre Nicolas / Claude Roure (Alpine-Renault A110) |
| 1971 | Ove Andersson / David Stone (Alpine-Renault A110) | Jean-Luc Thérier / Marcel Callewaert (Alpine-Renault A110) | Björn Waldegård / Hans Thorszelius (Porsche 914/6) |
| 1972 | Sandro Munari / Mario Manucci (Lancia Fulvia 1.6HF) | Gérard Larrousse / Jean-Claude Perramond (Porsche 911S) | Rauno Aaltonen / Jean Todt (Datsun 240Z) |
1973–1985
| Rally name | Stages | Podium finishers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Driver Co-driver |
Team Car |
Time | ||
| 42ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 19 to 26 January 1973 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
18 stages 420 km |
1 |  | |
5h 42m 04s |
| 2 |  | |
5h 42m 30s | ||
| 3 | | |
5h 43m 39s | ||
| 1974 rally cancelled | |||||
| 43ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 15 to 23 January 1975 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
22 stages 472 km |
1 |  | |
6h 25m 59s |
| 2 |  | |
6h 29m 05s | ||
| 3 | | |
6h 29m 46s | ||
| 44ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 17 to 24 January 1976 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
23 stages 530 km |
1 | | |
6h 25m 10s |
| 2 | | |
6h 26m 37s | ||
| 3 | | |
6h 31m 23s | ||
| 45ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 22 to 28 January 1977 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship Round 1 of the FIA Cup for Rally Drivers |
26 stages 506 km |
1 | | |
6h 36m 13s |
| 2 | | |
6h 38m 29s | ||
| 3 | .svg.png){kind=small} |  |
6h 47m 07s | ||
| 46ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 21 to 28 January 1978 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship Round 1 of the FIA Cup for Rally Drivers |
29 stages 570 km |
1 | |  |
6h 57m 03s |
| 2 | | |
6h 58m 55s | ||
| 3 | | |
6h 59m 55s | ||
| 47ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 20 to 26 January 1979 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
30 stages 619 km |
1 | | |
8h 13m 38s |
| 2 | |  |
8h 13m 44s | ||
| 3 | | |
8h 17m 47s | ||
| 48ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 19 to 25 January 1980 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
30 stages 601 km |
1 | | |
8h 42m 20s |
| 2 | | |
8h 52m 58s | ||
| 3 | | |
8h 53m 48s | ||
| 49ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 24 to 30 January 1981 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
32 stages 757 km |
1 | | |
9h 55m 55s |
| 2 | |  |
9h 58m 49s | ||
| 3 | | |
10h 2m 54s | ||
| 50ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 16 to 22 January 1982 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
32 stages 753 km |
1 | | |
8h 20m 33s |
| 2 | | |
8h 24m 22s | ||
| 3 | | |
8h 32m 38s | ||
| 51ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 22 to 29 January 1983 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
30 stages 709 km |
1 | | |
7h 58m 57s |
| 2 | | |
8h 5m 59s | ||
| 3 | | |
8h 10m 15s | ||
| 52ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 21 to 27 January 1984 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
30 stages 722 km |
1 | | |
8h 52m 29s |
| 2 | | |
8h 53m 53s | ||
| 3 | | |
9h 5m 9s | ||
| 53ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 26 January to 1 February 1985 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
34 stages 852 km |
1 | | |
10h 20m 49s |
| 2 | | |
10h 26m 06s | ||
| 3 | | |
10h 30m 54s | ||
1986–1999
| Rally name | Stages | Podium finishers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Driver Co-driver |
Team Car |
Time | ||
| 54ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 18 to 24 January 1986 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
36 stages 867 km |
1 | | |
10h 11m 24s |
| 2 | | |
10h 15m 28s | ||
| 3 | | |
10h 18m 46s | ||
| 55ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 17 to 22 January 1987 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
26 stages 572 km |
1 | | |
7h 39m 50s |
| 2 | | |
7h 40m 49s | ||
| 3 | | |
7h 44m 0s | ||
| 56ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 16 to 21 January 1988 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
26 stages 624 km |
1 | | |
7h 19m 11s |
| 2 | | |
7h 30m 1s | ||
| 3 | | |
7h 42m 46s | ||
| 57ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 21 to 26 January 1989 Round 2 of the World Rally Championship |
24 stages 613 km |
1 | | |
7h 13m 27s |
| 2 | | |
7h 19m 54s | ||
| 3 | | |
7h 21m 8s | ||
| 58ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 19 to 25 January 1990 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
20 stages 556 km |
1 | | |
5h 56m 52s |
| 2 | |  |
5h 57m 44s | ||
| 3 | | |
6h 0m 31s | ||
| 59ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 24 to 30 January 1991 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
27 stages 626 km |
1 | | |
6h 57m 21s |
| 2 | | |
7h 2m 20s | ||
| 3 | | |
7h 2m 33s | ||
| 60ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 23 to 28 January 1992 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
26 stages 606 km |
1 | | |
6h 54m 20s |
| 2 | | |
6h 56m 25s | ||
| 3 | | |
6h 57m 17s | ||
| 61ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 21 to 27 January 1993 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
22 stages 594 km |
1 | | |
6h 13m 43s |
| 2 | | |
6h 13m 58s | ||
| 3 | | |
6h 16m 59s | ||
| 62ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 22 to 27 January 1994 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
22 stages 588 km |
1 | | |
6h 12m 20s |
| 2 | | |
6h 13m 25s | ||
| 3 | | |
6h 14m 7s | ||
| 63ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 22 to 26 January 1995 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship Round 1 of the FIA 2-Litre World Championship for Manufacturers |
21 stages 547 km |
1 | | |
6h 32m 31s |
| 2 | | |
6h 34m 56s | ||
| 3 | | |
6h 36m 28s | ||
| 64ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 20 to 25 January 1996 Round 1 of the FIA 2-Litre World Championship for Manufacturers, no World Rally Championship |
21 stages 427 km |
1 | | |
5h 24m 40s |
| 2 | | |
5h 28m 24s | ||
| 3 | | |
5h 31m 52s | ||
| 65ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 19 to 27 January 1997 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
18 stages 410 km |
1 | | |
4h 26m 58s |
| 2 | | |
4h 27m 53s | ||
| 3 | | |
4h 29m 29s | ||
| 66ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 19 to 21 January 1998 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
18 stages 359 km |
1 | | |
4h 28m 0.5s |
| 2 | | |
4h 28m 41.3s | ||
| 3 | | |
4h 29m 1.5s | ||
| 67ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 17 to 20 January 1999 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
14 stages 425 km |
1 | | |
5h 16m 50.6s |
| 2 | | |
5h 18m 35.3s | ||
| 3 | | |
5h 20m 7.4s | ||
2000–2009
| Rally name | Stages | Podium finishers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Driver Co-driver |
Team Car |
Time | ||
| 68ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 21 to 23 January 2000 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
15 stages 413 km |
1 | | |
4h 23m 35.8s |
| 2 | | |
4h 25m 0.7s | ||
| 3 | | |
4h 26m 57.2s | ||
| 69ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 19 to 21 January 2001 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
15 stages 392 km |
1 | | |
4h 38m 4.3s |
| 2 | | |
4h 39m 5.1s | ||
| 3 | | |
4h 40m 9.6s | ||
| 70ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 18 to 20 January 2002 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
15 stages 397 km |
1 | | |
3h 59m 30.7s |
| 2 |  | |
4h 0m 44.8s | ||
| 3 | | |
4h 0m 46.4s | ||
| 71ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 23 to 26 January 2003 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
14 stages 415 km |
1 | | |
4h 29m 11.4s |
| 2 | | |
4h 29m 49.5s | ||
| 3 | | |
4h 30m 3.6s | ||
| 72ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 23 to 25 January 2004 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
15 stages 389 km |
1 | | |
4h 12m 3.0s |
| 2 |  | |
4h 13m 15.6s | ||
| 3 | .svg.png){kind=small} | |
4h 13m 22.6s | ||
| 73ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 21 to 23 January 2005 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
15 stages 353 km |
1 | | |
4h 13m 5.6s |
| 2 | | |
4h 16m 3.9s | ||
| 3 | | |
4h 16m 45.7s | ||
| 74ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 19 to 22 January 2006 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
18 stages 366 km |
1 | | |
4h 11m 43.9 ss |
| 2 | | |
4h 12m 45.7s | ||
| 3 | | |
4h 13m 7.0s | ||
| 75ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 18 to 21 January 2007 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
15 stages 329 km |
1 | | |
3h 10m 27.4s |
| 2 | | |
3h 11m 5.6s | ||
| 3 | | |
3h 11m 50.2s | ||
| 76ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 24 to 27 January 2008 Round 1 of the World Rally Championship |
19 stages 365.09 km |
1 | | |
3h 39m 17.0s |
| 2 | | |
3h 41m 51.4s | ||
| 3 | .svg.png){kind=small} | |
3h 42m 15.6s | ||
| 77ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo[13] 21 to 24 January 2009 Round 1 of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge |
14 stages 362.25 km |
1 | | |
4h 40m 45.7s |
| 2 | | |
4h 42m 29.3s | ||
| 3 | | |
4h 43m 07.3s | ||
2010–2019
2020–
| Rally name | Stages | Podium finishers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Driver Co-driver |
Team Car |
Time | ||
| 88ème Rallye Automobile Monte-Carlo 23 to 26 January 2020 Round 1 of the 2020 World Rally Championship |
16 stages 304.28 km |
1 | |  |
3h 10m 57.6s |
| 2 | | |
3h 11m 10.2s | ||
| 3 | | |
3h 11m 11.9s | ||
- † – Event was shortened after stages were cancelled.
Multiple winners
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gollark: CC: Tweaked™.
Notes
- "Latest Formula 1 Breaking News - Grandprix.com". www.grandprix.com.
- "Rallye de Monaco 1911, première édition du Monte-Carlo". pcallais.free.fr.
- Motor Sport, March 1966, pages 202, 204.
- Competition Press & Autoweek, February 12, 1966, Pages 1, 6.
- "1966: Future of Monte Carlo rally in doubt". BBC News. 21 January 1966.
- MotorSport Archive, March, 1966, Pages 44.|url= http://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/march-1966/44/monte-carlo-fiasco
- "Monte Carlo Rally to open 2011 IRC season". ircseries.com. Intercontinental Rally Challenge. 2010-07-19. Archived from the original on 2010-10-10. Retrieved 2010-07-19.
- "Team LOOS INTERNATIONAL" at the 9th Rallye Monte-Carlo Historique Archived 2008-04-15 at the Wayback Machine. Loos International. Accessed May 12, 2010.
- Duijvestijn, Guus. Alpine Passes Archived 2008-04-16 at the Wayback Machine. Archived at AJ's Touring Home Page. Accessed May 12, 2010.
- Monte Carlo: Rally route Archived 2011-06-06 at the Wayback Machine. Motorsport.com, January 18, 2008. Accessed May 12, 2010.
- "Honours". Automobile Club de Monaco.
- Readers' guide to who won at Monte Carlo, British Motor Corporation advertisement, Life Magazine, 14 February 1964, page 81 Retrieved from books.google.com.au on 22 December 2011
- "2009 Final Ranking". www.acm.mc. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2011-05-23. Retrieved 2010-07-19.
- "2010 Final Ranking". www.acm.mc. 2010-01-23. Archived from the original on 2010-03-16. Retrieved 2010-07-19.
- "2011 Final Ranking". www.acm.mc. 2011-01-23. Archived from the original on 2011-05-23. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
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