Monoethnicity

Monoethnicity is the existence of a single ethnic group in a given region or country. It is the opposite of polyethnicity.

China is the largest predominantly monoethnic country; 91.6% of the population are Han Chinese. An example of a largely monoethnic country is Japan. It is a common belief in Japan that the entire country is monoethnic, but a few ethnic minorities live in Japan (e.g. Koreans, Ainus and Ryukyuans).[1] They represent around 1% of the whole population.[2]

South Korea is a monoethnic country. There are small ethnic minorities that exist in South Korea, where they account for around 1% of the South Korean population. These include around 650,000 Chinese immigrants.[3]

Most Sub-Saharan African countries have what would be considered a mono-racial society, but it is common to find dozens of ethnic groups within the same country.

The Yugoslav Wars are noted as having made territories "de facto and de jure monoethnic nation-states".[4]

Monoethnic countries
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Country Population Dominant group % Ref
 North Korea 24,252,231 Koreans 99.9% [5][6]
 Lesotho 2,203,821 Basotho 99.7% [7]
 Cyprus 1,266,676 Greek Cypriots 98.8% [8]
 Japan[9] 126,702,133 Japanese 98.5% [10]
 Armenia[11] 3,018,854 Armenians 98.1% [12]
 Albania 2,876,591 Albanians 98% [13]
 Tunisia 11,721,177 Arabs 98% [14]
 Hungary 9,937,628 Hungarians 98% [15]
 Bangladesh 162,951,560[16] Bengalis 98% [17]
 Mongolia 3,081,677 Mongols 97% [18]
 Thailand 68,863,514 Thai 97% [19]
 Poland[20] 38,523,261 Poles 96.9% [21]
 South Korea 51,446,201 Koreans 96% [22]
 Portugal 10,839,514 Portuguese 95.9% [23]
 Taiwan 23,603,049 Han Taiwanese 95%+ [24]
 Czech Republic 10,610,947 Czechs 95% [25]
 Iceland 332,529 Icelanders 94% [26]
 Finland 5,537,364 Finns 93.5% [27]
 Greece 11,183,716 Greeks 93% [28]
 China 1,384,688,986 Han Chinese 91.6% [29]
 Italy 60,483,973 Italians 91.5% [30]
 Croatia 4,227,746 Croatians 90.4% [31]

Unrecognized states and dependent territories
Country Population Dominant group % Ref
 Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) 145,053 Armenians 99.7% [32][33]
 Northern Cyprus 265,100 Turks 99.2% [34]
 Hong Kong 7,249,907 Han Chinese 92% [35]
 Greenland 55,877 Inuit 89.7% [36]
 South Ossetia 53,532 Ossetians 89.9% [37]
 Macau 614,458 Han Chinese 88.7% [38]
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See also

References
  1. Osamu Arakaki (2008). Refugee Law and Practice in Japan. Ashgate Publishing. p. 36. ISBN 978-0754670094.
  2. (in Japanese) Archived 2013-10-14 at the Wayback Machine 平成２４年末現在における外国人登録者統計について].
  3. "Trying to teach South Korea about discrimination", The Los Angeles Times, 2009-02-24
  4. Gary Dempsey (2002). Exiting the Balkan Thicket. Cato Institute. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-1-930865-17-4.
  5. CIA World Factbook. 2016.
  6. "DPR Korea 2008 Population Census: National Report" (PDF). Pyongyang: Central Bureau of Statistics. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2014-10-02.
  7. "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  8. "Cyprus". The World Factbook. CIA. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Greek 98.8%, other 1% (includes Maronite, Armenian, Turkish-Cypriot), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)
  9. Haarmann, Harald (1986). Language in Ethnicity: A View of Basic Ecological Relations. Walter de Gruyter. p. 209. ISBN 9783110862805. Japan is widely believed to be a monolingual country with a monoethnic population...
    • Henders, Susan J. (2006). Democratization and Identity: Regimes and Ethnicity in East and Southeast Asia. Lexington Books. p. 117. ISBN 9780739107676. Many Japanese take it for granted that they live in a monoethnic society...
    • Fackler, Martin (29 May 2015). "Biracial Beauty Queen Challenges Japan's Self-Image". The New York Times. ...a country that still regards itself as mono-ethnic.
  10. "Japan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
  11. Abrahamian, Levon (2006). Armenian identity in a changing world. Mazda Publishers. p. 19. ISBN 9781568591858. ...the practically monoethnic Armenian Republic...
    • Department of International Relations Association (1997). Gotchev, Atanas (ed.). The New European security architecture and issues of early warning and conflict prevention. Albatros. p. 110. Thus Armenia became the most mono-ethnic country in the CIS and the Middle East.
    • Cornell, Svante (2005). Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus. Routledge. p. 129. ISBN 9781135796693. Whereas Armenia is now basically a mono- ethnic state...
  12. "2011թ. հոկտեմբերի 12-21-ը Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում անցկացված մարդահամարի արդյունքները [Results of the 2011 October 12-21 census in the Republic of Armenia]" (PDF). armstat.am (in Armenian). National Statistical Service of Republic of Armenia. p. 144. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2016.
  13. "Minority Rights and the Republic of Albania: Missing the Implementation". lup.lub.lu.se. p. 11. From the ethnic point of view, according to the Albanian government’s reports, 98 percent of the population is Albanian and only two percent consist of Greek, Macedonian, Montenegrin recognized as national Minorities and Roma, Aromaninan recognized as ethnic - linguistic Minorities by the Albanian state.
  14. "Tunisia". The World Factbook. CIA. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
  15. "Hungarian census 2011 - final data and methodology" (PDF). ksh.hu. Hungarian Central Statistical Office.
  16. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2017-09-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. "বাংলাদেশকে জানুন | People's Republic of Bangladesh | গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার". Bangladesh.gov.bd. Retrieved 2020-02-16.
  18. Skutsch, Carl (2013-11-07). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. ISBN 9781135193881.
  19. "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  20. Fishman, Joshua A. (1993). The Earliest Stage of Language Planning: The "first Congress" Phenomenon. Walter de Gruyter. p. 219. ISBN 9783110135305. After World War II Poland has become a primarily monoethnic...
  21. "Poland". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
  22. "Ethnic Minorities And Immigrants In South Korea". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  23. "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2017-11-07.
  24. "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 16 Feb 2020.
  25. O'Regan, David (2004-01-27). International Auditing: Practical Resource Guide. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471476955.
  26. "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  27. "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
  28. "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  29. "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-28.
  30. "National Institute of Statistics(Italy)". demo.istat.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2018-11-28.
  31. "Croatia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  32. "De Jure Population (Urban, Rural) by Age and Ethnicity" (PDF). National Statistical Service of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  33. The de facto controlled area by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic: "De Jure Population by Administrative Territorial Distribution and Density" (PDF). National Statistical Service of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  34. "Tablo – 8 : Yaş Grubu, Milliyet ve Cinsiyete Göre Sürekli İkamet Eden (de-jure) KKTC Vatandaşı Nüfus. TOPLAM". Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  35. "Hong Kong". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  36. "North America :: Greenland — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-02-06. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  37. "population census 2015". Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  38. "Macau". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
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