Miss Venezuela
Miss Venezuela (Spanish: Organización Miss Venezuela) is the national beauty pageant of Venezuela, traditionally held in September. It is preceded by two or three months of preliminary events, with the awarding of corporate prizes. The final televised competition generally lasts about four hours and is broadcast live across Latin America by Venevisión and produced by the networks parent company Cisneros Group, with edited versions to the United States and Mexico on the Univision and Telemundo networks. From 2013 to 2015, the national contest was split into two separate pageants: Miss Venezuela (to select representatives to Miss Universe, Miss Earth and Miss International) and Miss Venezuela Mundo (representative to Miss World). The pageant is also closely observed by other countries seeking to level competition due to its illustrious record of pageant victories. In 2016, the Venezuelan franchise for Miss Earth was awarded to Miss Earth Venezuela organized by National Directors Julio César Cruz and Alyz Henrich.[1]
 | |
| Formation | 1952 |
|---|---|
| Type | Beauty pageant |
| Headquarters | Caracas |
| Location | |
Membership |
|
Official language | Spanish |
Executive Committee | Gabriela Isler Jacqueline Aguilera Nina Sicilia |
Key people | Osmel Sousa Ignacio Font Coll |
Parent organization | Cisneros Group |
| Website | missvenezuela |
Venezuela has gained the most titles in the Big Four international beauty pageants with 23 victories and outstanding record of placements at Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss International and Miss Earth, considered the most important pageants in the world.[2] Under the direction of Osmel Sousa, Venezuela has accumulated more Big Four international pageant titles than any other country, including seven Miss Universe winners, six Miss World winners, eight Miss International winners and one Miss Earth winner (The other Miss Earth winner is under Sambil Model Organization).[3]
In recent years, allegations claiming that some aspirants engaged in prostitution with merchants and government personnels for patronage of sponsorship, cosmetic surgeries,[4][3][3] coupled with the political and economic tension in the country that resulted in postponements of its events, by which Sousa resigned in 2018.[5][6]
The latest edition of the pageant was held on 1 August 2019. Accordingly, the new national director of Venezuela is Maria Gabriela Isler, the 62nd Miss Universe titleholder.
Venezuelan winners at the Big Four pageants
| Number of wins at major beauty paegants | ||
|---|---|---|
| Current franchises | ||
| Pageant | Titles | Winning year(s) |
| Miss Universe | 7 | 1979, 1981, 1986, 1996, 2008, 2009, 2013 |
| Miss World | 6 | 1955, 1981, 1984, 1991, 1995, 2011 |
| Miss International | 8 | 1985, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2010, 2015, 2018 |
| Miss Earth | 2 | 2005, 2013 |
A girl wishing to compete in the pageant starts at either the local level, if a regional contest is held in her state, or goes directly to the pageant's headquarters in Caracas. Regional contests generally select three to six candidates (except for the massive Miss Centroccidental pageant, which covers six to seven midwestern states) who will likely represent the state or one nearby: i.e. a candidate who is a finalist for Miss Carabobo will usually expect to represent Carabobo or a neighboring state such as Yaracuy in the final pageant.
Thousands of entrants apply for the pageant each year. Some young women would try for up to five or six years consecutively trying to get one of the 24 to 32 titles that will enable them to compete in the final pageant. Venezuela's 23 states, capital district, islands and the Costa Oriental region of Zulia State are almost always represented; some years other regions of the country will have representatives in the pageant. Although some major states and regions such as Zulia, Táchira, Lara, Bolivar and Carabobo will hold their own preliminaries, many of the states are assigned by geographical proximity or even random drawing to the final contestants. There is therefore considerably less emphasis on state titles than there is in other national pageants such as Miss USA, although certain areas such as Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Capital District, Guarico, Vargas and Carabobo always seem to achieve high results.
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Osmel Sousa, former president of the pageant, always sat on the selection panel regardless of whether it was a final regional contest or the direct "auditions", and it was not uncommon for him to overturn the entire regional results in favor of his own choices. For example, none of the candidates in 2004 for Vargas state were deemed fit for competition, so a candidate from Caracas was appointed Miss Vargas. Winners therefore have often never visited the state they represent. In this fashion, rather than waste five or six candidates from a strong area of the country such as Zulia in a system wherein only one can represent the state, the pageant distributes "spare states" to them so all have an opportunity to demonstrate their capabilities in the final night. Traditionally, strong candidates have been pulled from Caracas, Zulia and Carabobo states, although they can come from all over the country; e.g. in 2003 the Miss Centroccidental pageant sent seven candidates to the pageant, while in 2005 only one proceeded to the finals. In 2000, the casting made in Zulia State (called Miss Venezuela Zulia at that time) sent 7 girls to that year's finals.
The pageant reserves the right to remove any candidate that is deemed not to be performing up to standard, so there is no guarantee that a contestant may participate in the final night of competition. However, such decisions are usually made before the delegates are convened and the various state sashes are handed out. The pageant keeps a "reserve" pool of willing candidates always available to replace any last minute rejected contestant. Many aspirants will also make it into the final 50 or 60, only to be eliminated from the final roster of 26–32 contestants. Such eliminations have no real bearing on how well the contestant will do in the future. Mariangel Ruiz, Miss Venezuela 2002, did not place into the final 120 in 1998; Barbara Clara, second runner-up in 2004, had previously tried for the pageant three times before winning a title at the last minute in 2004.
Reentry into the final pageant is rare, although the rules are arbitrary and not as restrictive as those in other countries. Only one contestant has ever participated in the official Miss Venezuela pageant twice: Maria Fernanda Leon, who represented Guárico in 1999 and Portuguesa in 2002, making the top 10 in her second attempt. Aida Yespica competed in Miss Venezuela World 2001 but withdrew before being assigned a state for the final pageant her year; she returned in Miss Venezuela 2002 for Amazonas state. The majority of the contestants in 2000 and 2001 competed in both the Miss Venezuela World and Miss Venezuela contests of their respective years; they were assigned numbers for the Miss World preliminary, with the most desirable contestants being allowed to proceed to the final Miss Venezuela pageant with state titles. The ten contestants for Miss Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Miss Venezuela for Miss Universe 2000) and the six for Miss Venezuela Mundo 2006 (Miss Venezuela for Miss World 2006) were "recycled" from previous years. This situation was expected to be repeated during the 2007 pageant, in which some contestants were expected to compete again, though it didn't happen.
List of state titles
There is an unofficial formula to determine the states and regions represented in Venezuela. The base number of contestants over the last decade has been 26–28, which can be increased or decreased by pageant's management.
Official states (23)
* Denotes that state has a preliminary pageant – which may or may not still be held – as of 2005 only Táchira, Zulia-Falcón, Lara, Aragua and Sucre held preliminaries.
** Denotes that state has been represented through the Miss Centroccidental preliminary. Additionally, three states, Carabobo, Falcon and Mérida hold their own individual pageants.
Official regions (3)
- Costa Oriental (Eastern shore of Lake Maracaibo)
- Distrito Capital (Capital District)
- Dependencias Federales ("Federal Dependencies" Venezuelan islands)
Together, these 26 regions form the "base" of the Miss Venezuela contest. However, at times other regions and territories have been represented. If there are 27 sashes, the 27th candidate is Miss Peninsula Goajira. If there are 28 sashes, either Canaima (a national park in Bolivar state) or Peninsula de Paraguaná (a region of Falcon state) is represented. In 2003, additional titles of Península de Araya (a region of Sucre State) and Roraima (a national park in Bolivar State) were created to bring the pageant to its highest ever number of contestants: 32. Surprisingly, in 2008 Península de Araya was used again, and there was no Miss Península Goajira or Miss Costa Oriental that year. In the mid-1990s, the districts of Municipio Libertador and Municipio San Francisco were also represented, the last one only in 1997 and 1998. Also, only in 2003, Guayana Esequiba (part of Guyana that historically Venezuela claims as its own) was represented. Vargas State, the most recent modification to Venezuela's map (1999) was always present in the pageant, but with other names: Departamento Vargas (until 1986), Municipio Vargas (1987 to 1997), Territorio Federal Vargas (1998), and Vargas State since 1999. In 2009, only 20 delegates competed for the crown, the same number that competed on the final night in 2003, so some "traditional" states didn't have a representative.
Regional rankings
| State | Title | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Guárico | 1963, 1966, 1969, 1978, 1982, 1985, 2004, 2006, 2012, 2014 | |
| Miranda | 1955, 1964, 1981, 1988, 1999, 2009, 2010 | |
| Distrito Capital | 1956, 1957, 1960, 1961, 1965, 1968, 2001, 2019 | |
| Lara | 1980, 1989, 2003, 2015 | |
| Carabobo | 1953, 1970, 1973, 1996 | |
| Nueva Esparta | 1972, 1975, 1976, 1987 | |
| Vargas | 1967, 1969, 1977, 1979 | |
| Delta Amacuro | 1998, 2017, 2019 | |
| Sucre | 1958, 2005, 2011 | |
| Portuguesa | 1983, 2018 | |
| Monagas | 1971, 2016 | |
| Costa Oriental | 1994, 2013 | |
| Trujillo | 1986, 2008 | |
| Amazonas | 1991, 2007 | |
| Aragua | 1992, 2002 | |
| Apure | 1993, 2000 | |
| Bolívar | 1952, 1990 | |
| Zulia | 1974, 1984 | |
| Táchira | 1997 | |
| Yaracuy | 1995 | |
| Anzoátegui | 1962 |
- Venezuela's international titleholders represented the following states during their Miss Venezuela competition (indicates year of international victory): Miss Universe: Vargas (1979), Miranda (1981), Trujillo (1986; 2009), Yaracuy (1996), Amazonas (2008) and Guárico (2013); Miss World: Miranda (1955; 1984), Aragua (1981), Zulia (1991), Nueva Esparta (1995) and Amazonas (2011); and Miss International: Monagas (1985), Miranda (1997), Costa Oriental (2000), Carabobo (2003), Barinas (2006, 2018), Trujillo (2010), Anzoátegui (2015) and Barinas (2018).
Training
There are Miss Venezuela schools and "beauty factories" in which girls as young as 5 years old are trained to be the next potential Miss Venezuela. At both the schools and factories the young girls and women are taught how to walk properly, given beauty tips, and given lessons in proper etiquette.
Once a candidate is shortlisted for the pageant, she begins an intensive training program which can last for six months. She receives coaching in speech, physical fitness, make-up, modelling, and all the other skills required for the competition. Plastic surgery and cosmetic dentistry are optional, and some delegates elect to use padding. As the Miss Venezuela broadcast lasts up to four hours long, with countless musical numbers and dances, rehearsals require weeks of preparation. Contestants also participate in official photo-shoots and also fittings by fashion designers.
The evening gowns worn by candidates are a major source of politicking by Venezuela's domestic fashion houses, with top designers such as Mayela Camacho, Ángel Sanchez, Durant & Diego, Jose María Almeida, and Gionni Straccia selecting candidates that they will dress for the final night, while other, newer designers compete to present designs for the pageant. As a general rule the evening gowns are always custom-designed for each of the candidates on the final night, and always by a Venezuelan designer. By tradition, Nidal Nouaihed dresses the representatives of his home state of Zulia (Miss Costa Oriental, Miss Peninsula Goajira, Miss Zulia); Ángel Sanchez designs the gown for Miss Trujillo; Jose María Almeida designs the dress for Miss Mérida and the national costume for Miss Venezuela to Miss Universe. In 1999, 26 different designers took part in the evening gown competition, one candidate for each one. Also, in 2006, for the first time ever, the designers appeared on stage with the delegates, showing their fabulous creations. For the first time, in 2008, a "best evening gown" prize was given to a designer; the winner was Gionni Straccia for Miss Monagas' dress. He also made the gown for Dayana Mendoza in the Miss Universe finals.
The winners chosen to represent Venezuela in the major pageants undergo continuous preparation before they compete internationally. These efforts are funded by corporate sponsors like Pepsi-Cola, Palmolive, Colgate, Ebel and Lux who were attracted to the pageant by its high ratings.
Participation in international pageants
Between 1983 and 2003, Miss Venezuela placed into the Miss Universe semi-finals each consecutive year, and placed in the top six or higher every year from 1991 to 2003. This streak was ended in 2004 when Ana Karina Áñez was not chosen as a semi-finalist at Miss Universe 2004. Venezuela has also held the Miss Universe and Miss World titles simultaneously: in 1981 with Irene Saez (Miss Universe) and Pilin Leon (Miss World). In total, Venezuela has won over seventy international crowns under the guidance of the pageant, and the country's representatives have won at least one international title each year. It was said that Osmel Sousa would have retired from his two decades of directing the pageant after seeing a Venezuelan crown another Venezuelan as Miss Universe. Until recently, when Venezuelan Dayana Mendoza, Miss Universe 2008, crowned her compatriot Stefania Fernandez as Miss Universe 2009, no country had a back to back win in Miss Universe (Three countries have done it in Miss World: Sweden, United Kingdom and India). Venezuela also has the record of more Continental Queen Awards: 12. Another impressive record is having a crown of one of three major pageants during consecutive years: World-International-Universe (1984, 85, 86), World-Universe-International (1995, 96, 97), and Universe-Universe-International-World (2008, 09, 10, 11). Pageant committees from Venezuela meticulously choose the best representative for international beauty pageants. It is a real fact that this country has a strong potential to compete in different prestigious beauty pageants.[7]
In 2013 Venezuela has also held the Miss Universe and Miss Earth titles simultaneously: Gabriela Isler (Miss Universe) and Alyz Henrich (Earth). Simultaneous titles of Big 4 pageants in the same year hadn't occurred since 1981. Winning Miss Earth 2013 put Venezuela on the map of pageantry as the first country to win all the Big Four international beauty pageants more than once.
Success in other fields
Competing in the pageant can get a contestant noticed and launched on a successful television or print career. At least a dozen well-sought models come out of the pageant. Virtually all of Venezuela's female top models and television personalities are alumni of the pageant, including Maite Delgado (who competed in 1986 against future Miss Universe Bárbara Palacios), and Dominika van Santen (Top Model of the World 2005).[8][9] In fact, only Gaby Espino and several other entertainment figures stand out as never having competed in the pageant. Many of today's top young models, such as Onelises Brochero and Wendy Medina, have repeatedly been rejected by Miss Venezuela; on the other hand, Goizeder Azua and Desiree Pallotta, who have variously been considered the top domestic supermodels in the country, joined the pageant after establishing their careers.
Nowadays, familiar faces on Spanish TV networks around the world, from Venezuela, include Ruddy Rodríguez, Catherine Fulop, Carolina Perpetuo, Norkys Batista, Daniela Kosán, Viviana Gibelli, Marjorie de Sousa, Chiquinquirá Delgado, Alicia Machado and Natalia Streignard. Two of the Latin world's best known people, supermodel Patricia Velásquez and singer/actress María Conchita Alonso, also participated, in 1989 and 1975, respectively.
Miss Universe 1981, Irene Sáez, is perhaps most famous beauty queen politician in Venezuela who became mayor of Chacao (part of metropolitan Caracas), governor of Nueva Esparta State, and then a candidate in the 1998 Venezuelan presidential election. The Times of London ranked her 13th in its list of the 100 most powerful women in the world.[10]
Alexandra Braun, Miss Earth 2005 became the most decorated international actress from Venezuela with the most acting awards when she won four international best actress awards in various film festivals all over the world for her portrayal of the lead role in the movie, "Uma" at the London Film Festival, Monaco International Film Festival, the Milan International Film Festival and the Georgia Latino Film Festival in Atlanta; the film also won recognition in the "Film of the World" category at the International Film Festival of India[11] and won best foreign film at the Burbank International Film Festival in the United States.[12]
Miss Venezuela and other countries
Some delegates in the pageant have been able to use their training to achieve success in other national pageants. Natascha Börger became the first Venezuelan to switch countries, when she won the Miss Germany title in 2002 after placing 14th at Miss Venezuela 2000. She went on to place in the Top 10 at Miss Universe 2002 behind Miss Venezuela Cynthia Lander. Miss Trujillo 2005 Angelika Hernandez Dorendorf also ended 3rd finalist at Miss Germany 2007 and cancelled her participation at the Miss Intercontinental of that same year in order to continue her master's degree. In 2006, Francys Sudnicka, who placed in the top 10 representing Trujillo in Miss Venezuela 2003, won the Miss Poland Universe title. She represented Poland at Miss Universe 2006, and later represented Poland in Miss Earth 2006, taking a place in the Top 8. The following Venezuelans who have won the Miss Italia nel Mondo (Miss World Italy) pageant placed in the final five of Miss Venezuela: Barbara Clara (Miss Amazonas 2004), Valentina Patruno (Miss Miranda 2003) and Silvana Santaella (Miss Península de Paraguaná 2003). Patruno, though born Venezuelan, represented the United States.
In the past, other countries have sent their titleholders to be trained by Osmel Sousa and the Miss Venezuela Organization. In 1999, Miriam Quiambao of the Philippines trained in Venezuela before eventually placing second to Botswana at the Miss Universe Pageant, while Carolina Indriago, Miss Venezuela 1998, appeared in the Top 5. The Miss Venezuela Organization, however, ended its policy allowing training of foreign candidates after Amelia Vega of the Dominican Republic received training from them before eventually winning Miss Universe 2003, while Mariangel Ruiz, Miss Venezuela 2002, placed second behind her.
In recent years the pageant organization has begun to "import" expatriates who have been working as international models. Miami has produced Valentina Patruno (Miss World Venezuela 2003), Andrea Gómez (Miss International Venezuela 2004), Mónica Spear (Miss Venezuela 2004 and 4th runner-up at Miss Universe 2005), Ileana Jiménez (Miss Portuguesa 2005), and María Alessandra Villegas (Miss Península de Paraguaná 2008).
Further notes of interest
Between 2000 and 2002, the Miss Venezuela pageant was split into two contests: the Miss World Venezuela pageant, to elect the representative to Miss World, from which a reduced group of contestants would go on to compete in Miss Venezuela to go to the Miss Universe contest. In 2002, the organization merged the Miss World Venezuela contest with the Gala de Belleza, making the final "state cut" before the election of the Miss World representative. The two pageants were rejoined in 2003.
The most coveted symbol of the pageant, its crown, is a specially designed masterpiece by engineer George Wittels. It is changed about every five years, and is currently a heavy piece made out of white gold, platinum, silver, Austrian crystals and pearls. Since 2000 Miss World Venezuela carries a crown inlaid with turquoise. Winners retain their sash but are not allowed to keep the costly crowns which are passed from year to year and held in the headquarters at La Quinta Miss Venezuela.
The great pride the organization carries in its winners is never in dispute, although there remains, according to popular legend, regret for only one "stolen" crown: Carolina Izsak, Miss Venezuela 1991, considered by some the greatest winner produced. She was considered all but assured the Miss Universe 1992 crown when a mediocre interview score dropped her out of the final three. Michelle McLean of Namibia won the title that year, but was only a finalist several months before at Miss World 1991 which was won by Venezuelan Ninibeth Leal, who had lost the Miss Venezuela 1991 title to Carolina.
Order of succession
There has been considerable controversy in a number of major national pageants as to how to direct their contestants to Miss Universe, Miss World, and the other international contests. The reason for this issue is the dispute between the international pageants, who generally desire that the winner of a national contest be sent. Although many nations such as Italy and Germany have completely separate pageants for Miss Universe and Miss World, in the case of Miss Venezuela the national pageant organization must field candidates to almost all of the major world contests.
As of 2003, when the current system was put into place, the winners of the Miss Venezuela title (who goes to Miss Universe) and Miss World Venezuela are equal in rank. Nevertheless, the representative to Miss Universe is still announced last, and she is still considered the holder of the one single Miss Venezuela title. Nowadays, the final five finalists are announced during the telecast, followed by the elimination of the second and first runners-up, then Miss Venezuela to Miss International, Miss Venezuela to Miss World, and Miss Venezuela to Miss Universe. Since 2010, yet another new system has been introduced, with the fifth-place finisher as the 1st. runner-up, fourth place being designated as a "representative" to Miss Earth, the third place as a "representative" to Miss International and two 'equal' crowned winners—Miss Venezuela World and Miss Venezuela Universe. While this system is similar to that of Mexico and India, in Mexico the first runner-up is known as the "substitute" and in the order of succession automatically fills into any title above her that is emptied. For example, if "Nuestra Belleza Mexico Mundo" (Miss Mexico to Miss World) is unable to fulfill her duties, the first runner-up assumes her title. While the Miss Universe representative is similarly considered the "greater of the two equals", if her position is vacated, the first runner-up ascends to her crown, instead of Miss Mexico-World becoming Miss Mexico-Universe and the first runner-up going to Miss World. In India, however, the succession does follow the other option: the top three titles go Earth->Universe->World in rising order of importance (although they are also emphasized as "equals").
In Venezuela, neither policy of succession is explicitly laid down. Osmel Sousa made the final decisions as to who is appointed when a vacancy arises; i.e. in 2003, there were significant rumors that Mariangel Ruiz might be replaced by Amara Barroeta, the first runner-up, to Miss Universe (and not Goizeder Azua, who was Miss World Venezuela). In fact, in 2003, the Miss International Pageant was concurrent with Miss Venezuela, meaning that it would be impossible to send a "fresh" contestant, and Osmel actually opted not to send Amara, who should have gone (as the first runner-up then was almost always automatically titled Miss Venezuela International) and instead replaced her with Goizeder Azua, who won Miss International 2003. Due to scheduling conflicts between Miss International and Miss Venezuela, a similar situation occurred in 2002 when Cynthia Lander, Miss Venezuela (Universe), gave up her crown to the next Miss Venezuela and immediately boarded a flight for Japan to participate in Miss International. The reasoning was that her first runner-up had already participated the year before, and it would have been ridiculous to crown a Miss Venezuela (International) and immediately send her on a plane to her contest with no specific preparation whatsoever. Incidentally in 2006 the Miss World pageant shifted its pageant date from its usual November–December timeframe to September when the organization announced Poland as the competition venue. Due to the change in dates; it resulted to a timing conflict with the Miss Venezuela pageant. The Miss Venezuela organization decided to hold a snap pageant called "Miss Venezuela Mundo" to elect a representative for Miss World 2006. The said competition was composed of former Miss Venezuela contestants from previous editions. At the end of the night Federica Guzman who represented the state of Miranda in 2001 was the winner. Thus, all four winners, Miss Earth Venezuela, Miss Venezuela International, Miss Venezuela World and Miss Venezuela Universe now compete in the year after their coronation.
Ironically, the only time in the "modern" pageant that the famous "if the winner should not fulfill her duties, the first runner-up will take over" statement was made for Miss Venezuela was in 1999. The decision was made to send whoever won to Miss World first, and then to Miss Universe if she did not win. This policy was adopted after the consecutive eliminations of Christina Dieckmann and Veronica Schneider in 1997 and 1998, both of whom were considered amongst the strongest Miss World Venezuelas in history and whose eliminations were seen by the organization as a signal that it needed to send its winner to Miss World. Therefore, in 1999, there were no Miss World Venezuela or Miss Venezuela International titles, only an official Miss Venezuela, who was Martina Thorogood. Her first runner-up, Norkys Batista, was told that she would become Miss Venezuela to Miss Universe only if Martina won the Miss World crown outright. Martina came in second at Miss World and she was expected continue on to Miss Universe 2000 the next year. However, due to a number of major controversies, she was barred from Miss Universe 2000 on the grounds that as the first runner-up to Miss World, she was contracted to the organization and would have to succeed to that title if Yukta Mookhey, the winner that year, did not complete her reign. Osmel also declared that Miss Universe demanded a winner from Venezuela, thereby barring Norkys Batista from succeeding to the title. The only option for Norkys to go was for Martina to renounce the Miss Venezuela title, which neither she or the organization was willing to do. Therefore, a new emergency (and temporary) pageant was held, called Miss Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, which was conducted among ten former contestants (some semi-finalists and other non-finalists) from the previous five years. The winner, Claudia Moreno, had placed as seventh in the semi-finals behind Martina and Norkys in Miss Venezuela 1999, and she ended up performing excellently and becoming first runner-up to Miss Universe 2000. In years to come, 2002's first runner-up Amara Barroeta would join Norkys Batista as one of several runners-ups to be "denied" the chance to compete at a "big three" pageant.
In the US and many other countries, an occasion when the order of succession comes into play is when the reigning titleholder wins her international contest, e.g. in 1997 when Brook Mahealani Lee became Miss Universe and her first runner-up Brandi Sherwood became Miss USA. However, Venezuela does not have this official provision, even when the two "equal" winners both win Miss Universe and Miss World. In 1981, Miriam Quintana was considered somewhat unofficially as the serving Miss Venezuela, because both Irene Saez and Pilin Leon had won their respective pageants. However, in 1995–1996, when Alicia Machado took the Miss Universe title and Jacqueline Aguilera the Miss World crown, no new "Miss Venezuela" was appointed to hold the crown while they reigned internationally, though some newspapers said that Carla Steinkopf, Miss International Venezuela 1995, would give the crown to the 1996 winner. In general, all the times Venezuela has won the Miss Universe Pageant, it's Miss Universe herself who returns to crown the new Miss Venezuela, not Miss World Venezuela from the previous year or another finalist.
From 2013 and forward the Miss World delegate is no longer crowned at the Miss Venezuela final but is crowned in a separate Miss Venezuela World pageant, and competes in the same year of her coronation. In 2014, Maira Alexandra Rodriguez was crowned as Miss Earth Venezuela to compete in the 2015 edition, but due to the destitution of her predecessor, Stephanie de Zorzi, she was sent to Miss Earth 2014, in which she ended as Miss Water (2nd runner-up). So, from 2015, Miss Earth Venezuela will compete in the same year of her coronation.
In 2017 election, the announcing was made as it was years before: Top 5 consisting of 2nd and 1st runners-up, then Miss Venezuela International, Miss World Venezuela and Miss Venezuela Universe, all three competing in 2018. This avoids the rumours of major pageants not allowing contestants to participate if they weren't in their current reign year, and also confirming that the Miss Venezuela Organization keeps all three franchises until today.
Controversy
Objectification
Esther Pineda, a Venezuelan women's studies expert, stated that the popularity of Miss Venezuela and other pageants in Venezuela reveals how the country is "deeply sexist". Despite controversies facing Miss Venezuela, the Me Too movement has not carried any significance in Venezuela. According to Pineda, in Venezuela “[p]hysical beauty is seen as a value. ... And it’s given more importance than any other attribute".[3]
Sexual exploitation
Miss Venezuela contestants are often subject to prostitution and sexual exploitation. Young contestants are passed to powerful individuals in Venezuelan society for sexual favors. In a poverty-filled country, vulnerable women turn to wealthy individuals for funds. With participation often costing tens of thousands of United States dollars, these participants perform sexual favors for their wardrobe, cosmetic surgery, photo shoots and for sponsorships in order to "create the illusion of 'perfect' beauty" that is held in esteem in Venezuelan culture. Some contestants allegedly involved in such acts include Miss Venezuela 1989 participant Patricia Velásquez and Miss Venezuela 2006 runner-up Claudia Suárez.[4][13][14][15][16][17]
Titleholders
The following women have been crowned Miss Venezuela:[18]
| Year | Miss Venezuela | State | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1952 | Sofía Silva Inserri† | Bolívar | Valle Arriba Golf Club, Caracas |
| 1953–54 | Gisela Bolaños Scarton† | Carabobo | Valle Arriba Golf Club, Caracas |
| 1955 | Carmen Susana Duijm Zubillaga† | Miranda | Hotel Tamanaco, Caracas |
| 1956 | Blanca "Blanquita" Heredia Osío | Distrito Federal | Hotel Tamanaco, Caracas |
| 1957 | Consuelo Leticia Nouel Gómez† | Distrito Federal | Hotel Tamanaco, Caracas |
| 1958–59 | Ida Margarita Pieri | Sucre | Hotel Ávila, Caracas |
| 1960 | Gladys "Laly" Ascanio Arredondo | Distrito Federal | Hotel Tamanaco, Caracas |
| 1961 | Anasaria "Ana" Griselda Vegas Albornoz | Distrito Federal | Hotel Tamanaco, Caracas |
| 1962 | Olga "Olguita" Antonetti Núñez† | Anzoátegui | Teatro París, Caracas |
| 1963 | Irene Amelia Morales Machado | Guárico | Teatro París, Caracas |
| 1964 | Sonia Mercedes Revenga De La Rosa | Miranda | Teatro París, Caracas |
| 1965 | María Auxiliadora De Las Casas Mc. Gill† | Distrito Federal | Teatro del Círculo Militar, Caracas |
| 1966 | Magaly Beatriz Castro Egui | Guárico | Teatro del Este, Caracas |
| 1967 | Mariela Pérez Branger | Dep. Vargas | Teatro de la Escuela Militar, Caracas |
| 1968 | Peggy Kopp Arenas | Distrito Federal | Teatro Altamira, Caracas |
| 1969 | María José de las Mercedes Yellici Sánchez (Resigned) | Aragua | Teatro París, Caracas |
| Marzia Rita Gisela Piazza Suprani | Dep. Vargas | ||
| 1970 | Bella Teresa de Jesús La Rosa de la Rosa | Carabobo | Teatro Nacional de Venezuela, Caracas |
| 1971 | Jeanette Amelia de la Coromoto Donzella Sánchez | Monagas | Teatro Nacional de Venezuela, Caracas |
| 1972 | María Antonieta Cámpoli Prisco | Nueva Esparta | Teatro París, Caracas |
| 1973 | Ana Paola Desirée Facchinei Rolando | Carabobo | Club de Sub-Oficiales, Caracas |
| 1974 | Neyla Chiquinquirá Moronta Sangronis | Zulia | Club de Sub-Oficiales, Caracas |
| 1975 | Maritza Pineda Montoya | Nueva Esparta | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1976 | Elluz Coromoto Peraza González (Resigned) | Guárico | Teatro París, Caracas |
| Judith Josefina Castillo Uribe | Nueva Esparta | ||
| 1977 | Cristal del Mar Montañez Arocha | Dep. Vargas | Teatro París, Caracas |
| 1978 | Marisol Alfonzo Marcano | Guárico | Teatro del Club de Sub-Oficiales, Caracas |
| 1979 | Maritza Sayalero Fernández | Dep. Vargas | Hotel Caracas Hilton, Caracas |
| 1980 | María Xavier "Maye" Brandt Angulo† | Lara | Hotel Macuto Sheraton, Caraballeda, Vargas |
| 1981 | Irene Lailín Sáez Conde | Miranda | Hotel Macuto Sheraton, Caraballeda, Vargas |
| 1982 | Ana Teresa Oropeza Villavicencio | Guárico | Hotel Macuto Sheraton, Caraballeda, Vargas |
| 1983 | Paola Laura Ruggeri Ghigo | Portuguesa | Hotel Macuto Sheraton, Caraballeda, Vargas |
| 1984 | Carmen María Montiel Ávila | Zulia | Hotel Macuto Sheraton, Caraballeda, Vargas |
| 1985 | Silvia Cristina Martínez Stapulionis | Guárico | Hotel Macuto Sheraton, Caraballeda, Vargas |
| 1986 | Bárbara Palacios Teyde | Trujillo | Teatro Municipal de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1987 | Inés María Calero Rodríguez | Nueva Esparta | Teatro Municipal de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1988 | Yajaira Cristina Vera Roldán | Miranda | Teatro Municipal de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1989 | Eva Lisa Larsdotter Ljung | Lara | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1990 | Andreína Katarina Goetz Blohm | Bolívar | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1991 | Carolina Eva Izsak Kemenify | Amazonas | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1992 | Milka Yelisava Chulina Urbanich | Aragua | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1993 | Minorka Marisela Mercado Carrero | Apure | Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex, Caracas |
| 1994 | Denyse del Carmen Floreano Camargo | Costa Oriental | Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex, Caracas |
| 1995 | Yoseph Alicia Machado Fajardo | Yaracuy | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1996 | Marena Josefina Bencomo Giménez | Carabobo | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1997 | Veruzhka Tatiana Ramírez Peña | Táchira | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1998 | Lucbel Carolina Indriago Pinto | Delta Amacuro | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 1999 | Martina Thorogood Heemsen | Miranda | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 2000 | Eva Mónica Anna Ekvall Johnson† | Apure | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 2001 | Cynthia Cristina Lander Zamora | Distrito Capital | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 2002 | Mariángel Ruiz Torrealba | Aragua | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 2003 | Ana Karina Áñez Delgado | Lara | Estudio 1, Venevisión, Caracas |
| 2004 | Mónica Spear Mootz Fernández† | Guárico | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 2005 | Jictzad Nakarhyt Viña Carreño | Sucre | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 2006 | Lidymar Carolina "Ly" Jonaitis Escalona | Guárico | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 2007 | Dayana Sabrina Mendoza Moncada | Amazonas | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 2008 | Stefanía Fernández Krupij | Trujillo | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 2009 | Marelisa Gibson Villegas | Miranda | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 2010 | Vanessa Andrea Gonçalves Gómez | Miranda | Palacios de Eventos, Maracaibo |
| 2011 | Irene Sofía Esser Quintero | Sucre | Estudio 1, Venevisión, Caracas |
| 2012 | María Gabriela de Jesús Isler Morales | Guárico | Salón Naiguatá, Hotel Tamanaco Intercontinental, Caracas |
| 2013 | Migbelis Lynette Castellanos Romero | Costa Oriental | Poliedro de Caracas, Caracas |
| 2014 | Mariana Coromoto Jiménez Martínez | Guárico | Estudio 1, Venevisión, Caracas |
| 2015 | Mariam Habach Santucci | Lara | Estudio 1, Venevisión, Caracas |
| 2016 | Keysi Mairin Sayago Arrechedera | Monagas | Estudio 1, Venevisión, Caracas |
| 2017 | Sthefany Yoharlis Gutiérrez Gutiérrez | Delta Amacuro | Estudio 5, Venevisión, Caracas |
| 2018 | María Isabel (Isabella) Rodríguez Guzmán | Portuguesa | Estudio 5, Venevisión, Caracas |
| 2019 | Lulyana Thalía Olvino Torres | Delta Amacuro | Estudio 1, Venevisión, Caracas |
| 2020 | TBA | TBA | Estudio 1, Venevisión, Caracas |
Winners gallery
Miss Venezuela 1964
Mercedes Revenga
Miss Venezuela 1977
Cristal Montañez
Miss Venezuela 1992
Milka Chulina
Miss Venezuela 2007 and Miss Universe 2008
Dayana Mendoza
Miss Venezuela 2008 and Miss Universe 2009
Stefanía Fernández
Miss Venezuela 2010
Vanessa Goncalves
Miss Venezuela 2012 and Miss Universe 2013
Gabriela Isler
Big Four pageants representatives
The following women have represented Venezuela in the Big Four international beauty pageants, the four major international beauty pageants for women.[19][20] These are Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss International and Miss Earth.[21][22][23]
Miss Venezuela Universo
- : Declared as Winner
- : Ended as runner-up or top 5/6 qualification
- : Ended as one of the finalists or semifinalists
- : Ended as special awards winner
- The winner of Miss Venezuela represents her country at Miss Universe. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age) for either contest, a runner-up is sent.
Miss Venezuela Mundo
- : Declared as Winner
- : Ended as runner-up or top 5/6 qualification
- : Ended as one of the finalists or semifinalists
- : Ended as special awards winner
- The 1st Runner-up of Miss Venezuela traditionally represented her country at Miss World. In recent years Miss Venezuela Mundo under Miss Venezuela Organization holds a separate contest to select its winner to Miss World pageant.
| Year | State | Miss Venezuela Mundo | Placement at Miss World | Special Awards |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| 2019 | Portuguesa | Isabella Rodríguez | Top 40 | Winner – Head to Head Challenge , Miss World Top Model (Top 40), Miss World Beauty With a Purpose (Top 10) |
| 2018 | Vargas | Veruska Ljubisavljević | Top 30 | Winner – Head to Head Challenge , Miss World Multimedia (Top 10) |
| 2017 | Monagas | Ana Carolina Ugarte | Top 40 | Winner – Head to Head Challenge, Miss World People's Choice Award (Top 10), Miss World Multimedia (Top 10), Miss World Top Model (Top 30) |
| 2016 | Nueva Esparta | Diana Croce | Unplaced | Miss World Top Model (Top 30) |
| 2015 | Portuguesa | Anyela Galante | Unplaced | Miss World People's Choice Award (Top 10), Miss World Top Model (Top 30) |
| 2014 | Amazonas | Debora Menicucci | Unplaced | |
| 2013 | Zulia | Karen Soto | Unplaced | Dances Of The World (Top 11), Miss World Beach Beauty (Top 33) |
| 2012 | Distrito Capital | Gabriella Ferrari | Unplaced | Miss World Top Model (Top 46) |
| 2011 | Amazonas | Ivian Sarcos | Miss World 2011 | Miss World America, Miss World Sports (Top 6), Miss World Beach Beauty (Top 20), Miss World Top Model (Top 20), Miss World Talent (Top 20) |
| 2010 | Zulia | Adriana Vasini | 2nd Runner-up | Miss World Talent (Top 11), Miss World Top Model (Top 20) |
| 2009 | Anzoátegui | María Milagros Véliz | Unplaced | Miss World Sports (Top 6) |
| 2008 | Cojedes | Hannelly Quintero | Top 15 | Miss World America, Miss World Beach Beauty (Top 10), Miss World Top Model (Top 10) |
| 2007 | Mérida | Claudia Suárez | Top 16 | Miss World Beach Beauty (Top 20), Miss World Top Model (Top 10) |
| 2006 | Miranda | Federica Guzmán | Top 17 | Miss World Beach Beauty, World Dress Designer award (Top 20) |
| 2005 | Zulia | Susan Carrizo | Unplaced | |
| 2004 | Trujillo | Andrea Milroy | Unplaced | Miss World Beach Beauty (Top 20) |
| 2003 | Miranda | Valentina Patruno | Top 20 | Miss World Talent (Top 20) |
| 2002 | Carabobo | Goizeder Azua | Top 10 | Miss Photogenic |
| 2001 | Zulia | Andreína Prieto | Unplaced | |
| 2000 | Zulia | Vanessa Cárdenas | Unplaced | |
| 1999 | Miranda | Martina Thorogood | 1st Runner-up | Miss World America |
| 1998 | Monagas | Veronica Schneider | Unplaced | |
| 1997 | Nueva Esparta | Christina Dieckmann | Unplaced | |
| 1996 | Nueva Esparta | Ana Cepinska Miszczak | 4th Runner-up | Miss Photogenic |
| 1995 | Nueva Esparta | Jacqueline Aguilera | Miss World 1995 | Miss World America, Miss Photogenic |
| 1994 | Miranda | Irene Ferreira | 2nd Runner-up | Miss World America, Best National Costume |
| 1993 | Distrito Federal | Mónica Lei Scaccia | 4th Runner-up | Miss World America |
| 1992 | Bolívar | Francis Gago | 2nd Runner-up | Miss World America |
| 1991 | Zulia | Ninibeth Leal | Miss World 1991 | Miss World America |
| 1990 | Zulia | Sharon Luengo | 2nd Runner-up | Miss Photogenic |
| 1989 | Distrito Federal | Fabiola Candosin | Unplaced | Miss Photogenic |
| 1988 | Distrito Federal | Emma Rabbe Ramírez | 3rd Runner-up | Miss World America |
| 1987 | Portuguesa | Albany Lozada | 1st Runner-up | Miss World America |
| 1986 | Zulia | María Begoña Juaristi | 4th Runner-up | |
| 1985 | Anzoátegui | Ruddy Rodríguez | 3rd Runner-up | |
| 1984 | Miranda | Astrid Carolina Herrera | Miss World 1984 | Miss World America, Miss Photogenic |
| 1983 | Apure | Carolina Cerruti | Unplaced | |
| 1982 | Falcón | Michelle Shoda | Unplaced | |
| 1981 | Aragua | Pilin Leon | Miss World 1981 | Miss World America |
| 1980 | Vargas | Hilda Abrahamz | Top 15 | |
| 1979 | Barinas | Tatiana Capote | Disqualified | |
| 1978 | Falcón | Patricia Tóffoli | Top 15 | |
| 1977 | Distrito Federal | Jacqueline van den Branden | Unplaced | |
| 1976 | Lara | Maria Genoveva Rivero Giménez | Top 15 | |
| 1975 | Distrito Federal | María Conchita Alonso | 6th Runner-up | |
| 1974 | Vargas | Alicia Rivas Serrano | Unplaced | |
| 1973 | Zulia | Edicta de los Angeles García Oporto | Unplaced | |
| 1972 | Sucre | Amalia del Carmen Heller Gómez | Unplaced | |
| 1971 | Miranda | Ana María Padrón Ibarrondo | Top 15 | |
| 1970 | Miranda | Tomasa Nina (Tomasita) de las Casas Mata | Unplaced | |
| 1969 | Nueva Esparta | Marzia Piazza | 4th Runner-up | |
| 1968 | Miranda | María Dolores (Cherry) Núñez Rodríguez | Unplaced | |
| 1967 | Bolívar | Irene Margarita Böttger González | Unplaced | |
| 1966 | Distrito Federal | Jeannette Kopp Arenas | Unplaced | |
| 1965 | Anzoátegui | Nancy Elizabeth González Aceituno† | Unplaced | |
| 1964 | Portuguesa | Mercedes Hernández Nieves† | Top 16 | |
| 1963 | Miranda | Milagros Galíndez Castillo | Top 15 | |
| 1962 | Aragua | Betzabé Franco Blanco | Top 15 | |
| 1961 | Distrito Federal | Bexi Cecilia Romero Tosta | Unplaced | |
| 1960 | Distrito Federal | Miriam Maritza Estévez Acevedo | Did not compete | |
| 1959 | Did not compete | |||
| 1958 | Sucre | Ida Margarita Pieri | Unplaced | |
| 1957 | Distrito Federal | Consuelo Nouel | Unplaced | |
| 1956 | Sucre | Celsa Drucila Pieri Pérez | Unplaced | |
| 1955 | Miranda | Carmen Susana Duijm Zubillaga† | Miss World 1955 | |
| 1954 | Did not compete | |||
| 1953 | Did not compete | |||
| 1952 | Did not compete | |||
| 1951 | Did not compete | |||
Miss World Venezuela gallery
Miss World Venezuela 1985
Ruddy Rodríguez
Miss World Venezuela 2007
Claudia Suárez
Miss World Venezuela 2008
Hannelly Quintero
Miss Venezuela Internacional
- : Declared as Winner
- : Ended as runner-up or top 5/6 qualification
- : Ended as one of the finalists or semifinalists
- : Ended as special awards winner
- The 2nd Runner-up of Miss Venezuela traditionally represented her country at Miss International. In recent years Miss Venezuela selects a runner-up or second position at Miss Venezuela pageant as Miss Venezuela Internacional winner. The winner goes to Miss International.
Miss Venezuela Tierra
- : Declared as Winner
- : Ended as runner-up or top 5/6 qualification
- : Ended as one of the finalists or semifinalists
- : Ended as special awards winner without placing
- Since its establishment in 2001 Miss Earth Venezuela is chosen by another organization, called Sambil Model Organization. From 2010 to 2015 Miss Earth Venezuela was chosen by the beauty czar Osmel Sousa. In 2010, Miss Venezuela Organization acquired the franchise for Miss Earth Venezuela and the organization declared that Miss Earth, along with Miss Universe and Miss World contests, is one of the three largest beauty pageants in the world in terms of the number of participating countries.[24] The organization conducted a selection process which attended by several former beauty queens and runners up to qualify for participation. Mariángela Bonanni who competed in the Miss Venezuela 2009 (placed as first runner up) representing the state of Táchira, was chosen by the organization to participate in Miss Earth 2010. Since 2016, Venezuela representatives at the Miss Earth are chosen in a separate pageant Miss Earth Venezuela. Although Miss Venezuela Organization is not related to Sambil Model Organization, here are Venezuela's Miss Earth representatives sent by the Sambil Model Organization, Miss Venezuela Organization and Miss Earth Venezuela Organization .
| Year | State | Miss Venezuela Tierra | Placement at Miss Earth | Special Awards |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miss Earth Venezuela Organization | ||||
| 2020 | ||||
| 2019 | Guárico | Michell Castellanos | Unplaced |   |
| 2018 | Lara | Diana Silva | Top 8 | Top 10 Beauty of Face and Poise Preliminary Round Top 10 Beauty of Figure and Form Preliminary Round Top 10 Intelligence Preliminary Round Best in Swimsuit (FIRE Group) Best in Resort Wear (FIRE Group) |
| 2017 | Lara | Ninoska Vásquez | Top 8 | Top 16 Figure and Form Top 16 Beauty of Face and Poise Top 16 Intelligence and Environmental Awareness  Best in Long Gown (Group 1) |
| 2016 | Aragua | Stephanie de Zorzi | Miss Earth — Water 2016 | |
| Miss Venezuela Organization | ||||
| 2015 | Amazonas | Andrea Rosales | Top 8 | |
| 2014 | Amazonas | Maira Alexandra Rodríguez | Miss Earth — Water 2014 | |
| 2013 | Falcón | Alyz Henrich | Miss Earth 2013 | Best in Long Gown, Miss Ever Bilena, Hanna's Best in Swimsuit, Miss Hanna, Miss Psalmstre Advanced Placenta, Miss Pontefino, |
| 2012 | Zulia | Osmariel Villalobos | Miss Earth — Water 2012 | Best in Resort Wear, Miss Earth Golden Sunset, Miss Ever Bilena, Miss Hannah's Beach Resort, |
| 2011 | Aragua | Caroline Medina | Miss Earth — Fire 2011 | Best Skin, Best Hair, Miss Natural, Miss Personality |
| 2010 | Táchira | Mariángela Bonanni | Top 7 | Best in Swimsuit (Top 5) |
| Sambil Model Organization | ||||
| 2009 | Zulia | Jessica Barboza | Miss Water (2nd Runner-up) | Top 5 Best in Long Gown (Group 1) Top 5 Best in Swimsuit (Group 1) |
| 2008 | Táchira | Daniela Torrealba | Top 8 | Best in Long Gown Face of Placenta |
| 2007 | Caracas | Silvana Santaella | Miss Water (2nd Runner-up) | Best in Swimsuit Best in Long Gown Miss Psalmstre Placenta Gandang Ricky Reyes Award |
| 2006 | Aragua | Marianne Puglia | Miss Fire (3rd Runner-up) | Best in Swimsuit |
| 2005 | Caracas | Alexandra Braun | Miss Earth 2005 | Best in Swimsuit Miss Pond's |
| 2004 | — | Enid Solsiret Herrera Ramírez | Did not compete | |
| 2003 | — | Driva Cedeño | Unplaced | |
| 2002 | — | Dagmar Votterl | Unplaced | |
| 2001 | — | Lirigmel Ramos | Unplaced | |
Gallery of Miss Earth Venezuela
Miss Venezuela Earth 2005
Miss Earth 2005
Alexandra Braun
See also
References
- News, Venezuela (13 August 2018). "El "Prince" de la polémica que comandó el Miss Earth Venezuela (The "Prince" of the controversy that commanded the Miss Earth Venezuela)". El Estimulo. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
- Valdez, Maria (30 January 2017). "Miss Universe Winners: Which Country Has Won The Most Titles?". Latin Times. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- "In beleaguered Venezuela, young women use beauty pageants to escape poverty". NBC News. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- "Patricia Velásquez confiesa que se prostituyó para ingresar al Miss Venezuela". Diario La Prensa (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- Laya, Patricia (21 March 2018). "Cisneros Suspends Miss Venezuela Pageant After Corruption Scandal". Bloomberg.
- "Suspenden Miss Venezuela 2018 por orden de tribunal". El Universal (in Spanish). 18 August 2018. Retrieved 19 August 2018.
- Prestigious Beauty Pageants (7 February 2014). "Miss Venezuela Universe 2014 is Migbelis Castellanos". Prestigious Beauty Pageants. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- "Arrancó el Miss Venezuela 2005". El Mundo. Archived from the original on 8 August 2005. Retrieved 30 July 2005.
- "Venezuela: País donde las mujeres nacen y se hacen las más bellas". Nueva Prensa Guayana. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
- Jones, Bart (2008). Hugo! The Hugo Chávez Story from Mud Hut to Perpetual Revolution. London: The Bodley Head. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-84792-005-8. OCLC 473034608.
- News, Caracas (21 February 2018). "Alexandra Braun obtiene premio en el Festival de Cine International en Londres". Noticias24. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
- Martínez, Laura (5 October 2017). "Uma, la película que alzó a Alexandra Braun a las pantallas internacionales (Uma, the film that lifted Alexandra Braun to international screens)". Venezuela Analitica. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
- "¿Cuánto vale una Miss Venezuela?". Climax. 14 October 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- Lozano, Daniel (15 March 2018). "Miss Venezuela, envuelto en una trama de prostitución que involucra al chavismo". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- Mozo, Ana Carolina Griffin, Reynaldo (12 November 2017). "Miss Venezuela Pageant: Saints and Beauty Make Toxic Mix". Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- "Bloomberg – Are you a robot?".
- "Scandal temporarily halts Miss Venezuela". BBC News. 22 March 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
- "Ellas han sido Miss Venezuela" [They Have Been Miss Venezuela]. bellezavenezolana.net (in Spanish). 8 March 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2003. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
- Jun, Kwanwoo (3 December 2003). "Lost in Storm's Debris: A Beauty Pageant". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- Kenya, News (15 July 2011). "Beauty with scandals". Standard Digital News. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- Vietnam, News (8 October 2008). "Những scandal của Miss World". Vietnam Express. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- Ibrahim, Lynda (13 September 2013). "The misses and missuses of the world". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- Lowe, Aya (25 January 2016). "Philippines' Miss Universe returns home, ignites dreams". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
- http://www.missvenezuela.com/noticias/index.asp?id=201009160001%5B%5D
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miss Venezuela. |
Miss Venezuela winners in the Big Four international beauty pageants | ||
|---|---|---|
| Miss Universe |  | |
| Miss World | ||
| Miss International | ||
| Miss Earth | ||
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