Milbemycin oxime

Milbemycin oxime
Clinical data
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATCvet code	QP54AB01 (WHO) ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	5–10%
Metabolism	Liver
Excretion	Biliary
Identifiers
CAS Number	129496-10-2 ;
UNII	0502PUN0GT;
ECHA InfoCard	100.205.451
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C31H43NO7 (30%); C32H45NO7 (70%)
Molar mass	541.68 g/mol (30%); 555.702 g/mol (70%)
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Milbemycin oxime (trade name Interceptor, marketed by Elanco) is a veterinary drug from the group of milbemycins, used as a broad spectrum antiparasitic. It is active against worms (anthelmintic) and mites (miticide).

Mechanism of action

Like avermectins, milbemycins are products of fermentation by Streptomyces species. They have a similar mechanism of action, but a longer half-life than the avermectins. Milbemycin oxime is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus aureolacrimosus. It opens glutamate sensitive chloride channels in neurons and myocytes of invertebrates, leading to hyperpolarisation of these cells and blocking of signal transfer.[1]

Uses

Milbemycin oxime is active against a broad spectrum of nematodes. Its miticide spectrum includes Sarcoptes and Demodex. The drug is FDA-approved for prevention of heartworm in dogs and cats,[2] although it is less potent against heartworms than ivermectin.

The substance is often combined with other parasiticides to achieve a broader spectrum of action. Such products include:

Milbemax and Interceptor Plus (with praziquantel)
Sentinel Flavor Tabs (with lufenuron)
Trifexis (with spinosad)
NexGard Spectra (with afoxolaner)

The drug has been used in marine reef aquaria to control parasitic Tegastidae copepod infestations on captive hard coral colonies. Other arthropod invertebrates will be killed by the treatment.[3][4]

Side effects

The drug is usually tolerated well, but such side effects may occur such as vomiting, phlegming, and glassy eyes.

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References

Mehlhorn, Heinz (2008). Encyclopedia of Parasitology: A-M. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 646. ISBN 978-3-540-48994-8.
"NADA 140-915 Interceptor® - supplemental approval (September 9, 1996)".
Roberts, Helen E. (2011). Fundamentals of Ornamental Fish Health. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 93–94. ISBN 978-1-119-94948-0.
Lewbart, Gregory A. (2011). Invertebrate Medicine. John Wiley & Sons. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-470-96078-3.

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[Mehlhorn2008-1] Mehlhorn, Heinz (2008). Encyclopedia of Parasitology: A-M. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 646. ISBN 978-3-540-48994-8.

[2] "NADA 140-915 Interceptor® - supplemental approval (September 9, 1996)".

[Roberts2011-3] Roberts, Helen E. (2011). Fundamentals of Ornamental Fish Health. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 93–94. ISBN 978-1-119-94948-0.

[Lewbart2011-4] Lewbart, Gregory A. (2011). Invertebrate Medicine. John Wiley & Sons. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-470-96078-3.