Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Streptomyces hygroscopicus is a bacterial species in the genus Streptomyces. It was first described by Hans Laurits Jensen in 1931.[3]

Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Streptomyces hygroscopicus colonies
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Actinobacteria
Class:
Actinobacteria
Order:
Actinomycetales
Family:
Streptomycetaceae
Genus:
Streptomyces
Species:
S. hygroscopicus
Binomial name
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
(Jensen 1931) Yüntsen et al. 1956 [1]
Subspecies

S. hygroscopicus angustmyceticus
S. hygroscopicus decoyicus
S. hygroscopicus glebosus
S. hygroscopicus hygroscopicus
S. hygroscopicus ossamyceticus

Synonyms

Actinomyces hygroscopicus Jensen 1931[2]

Biochemistry

Cultures of different strains of S. hygroscopicus can be used to produce a number of chemical compounds or enzymes.

Small molecules

Immunosuppressants

Sirolimus (also known as rapamycin) is an immunosuppressant that has been isolated from S. hygroscopicus from soil samples from Easter Island.[4] Ascomycin can be used to treat autoimmune diseases and skin diseases, and can help prevent rejection after an organ transplant.

Antibiotics

The antibiotics geldanamycin, hygromycin B, nigericin, validamycin, and cyclothiazomycin are found in S. hygroscopicus.

Experimental cancer drugs

Indolocarbazoles can be found in S. hygroscopicus .

Anthelmintics and insecticides

Milbemycin and milbemycin oxime can be found in S. hygroscopicus cultures.

Herbicide

S. hygroscopicus also produces the natural herbicide bialaphos.[5]

Enzymes

The enzymes alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming), carboxyvinyl-carboxyphosphonate phosphorylmutase and hygromycin-B kinase can be isolated from cultures of S. hygroscopicus.

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References
  1. Page Streptomyces file 2 (File 2: Streptomyces felleus - Streptomyces mutomycini) on Bacterio.net. Retrieved 12 December 2015
  2. Streptomyces hygroscopicus on biocyc.org
  3. Jensen, HL (1931). "Contributions to our knowledge of the Actinomycetales. II. The definition and subdivision of the genus Actinomyces, with a preliminary account of Australian soil Actinomycetes". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 56: 345–370.
  4. Vézina C, Kudelski A, Sehgal SN (October 1975). "Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic". Journal of Antibiotics. 28 (10): 721–6. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.28.721. PMID 1102508.
  5. Murakami, Takeshi; Anzai, Hiroyuki; Imai, Satoshi; Satoh, Atsuyuki; Nagaoka, Kozo; Thompson, Charles J. (October 1986). "The bialaphos biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces hygroscopicus: Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene cluster". Molecular and General Genetics. 205 (1): 42–53. doi:10.1007/BF02428031.


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