Menindee Lakes

The Menindee Lakes is a chain of shallow ephemeral freshwater lakes connected to the Darling River to form a storage system. The lakes lie in the far west region of New South Wales, Australia, near the town of Menindee.

Menindee Lakes
Aerial view of the Darling River and some of the Menindee Lakes
LocationFar West, New South Wales
Coordinates32°20′59″S 142°22′08″E
Lake typeEphemeral fresh water
Primary inflowsDarling River
Primary outflowsDarling River
Catchment area273,229 square kilometres (105,494 sq mi)
Basin countriesAustralia
Managing agencyMurray Darling Basin Authority
DesignationNational park: Kinchega
Built1949 (1949)
First flooded1968 (1968)
Max. length16 kilometres (9.9 mi)
(Lake Menindee only)
Max. width14 kilometres (8.7 mi)
(Lake Menindee only)
Surface area47,500 hectares (117,000 acres)
Average depth7 metres (23 ft)
Water volume1,731,000 megalitres (1.403×10^6 acre⋅ft)
Surface elevation60 metres (200 ft) AHD
SettlementsMenindee
References[1][2][3]

The Menindee Lakes Water Storage Scheme supplies water to Broken Hill, the lower Darling and to water users along the Murray River in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia under the Murray-Darling Basin Agreement. Seven of the lakes have been incorporated in an artificially regulated overflow system providing both for flood mitigation and as storage for domestic use, livestock and irrigation downstream. The lakes are also important for waterbirds.

Location and features
Surface find of Aboriginal camp. Menindee Lakes, N.S.W., 1976.

The lakes are located approximately 110 kilometres (68 mi) south-east of Broken Hill[1] in the semi-arid zone on grey clay and duplex soils, and siliceous and calcareous sands of the far west region.

The lakes range in size from 103–15,900 hectares (250–39,290 acres). The largest are Lakes Menindee, Wetherell, Pamamaroo and Cawndilla. These four, with Tandure, Bijijie and Balaka, are part of the Menindee Lakes Water Storage Scheme, with Cawndilla and Menindee also within the Kinchega National Park. Lakes Nettlegoe, Kangaroo, Stir Tank, New and Malta are unregulated. Lake Tandou is managed as irrigated cropland and is no longer subject to flooding.

The shallow margins of the overflow lakes are studded with dead black box trees while the shores are dominated by bluerod and sandhill canegrass.[4]

Menindee Lakes Storages

The Menindee Lakes Storages is a major gated dam, including multiple weir and lake impoundments and a concrete spillway, with six vertical lift gates, across the seven lakes that form part of the Menindee Lakes Water Storage Scheme. The lakes were originally a series of natural depressions that filled during floods. As the flow receded the floodwaters in the natural depressions drained back into the Darling River.[2]

In 1949, work began on building dams, weirs, levees, canals and regulators to catch and retain floodwaters. Major works were completed in 1960 and final completion was in 1968. There were electrical upgrades in 2007. The scheme was built by the New South Wales Water Conservation and Irrigation Commission, to manage river flows, town water supplies and other domestic requirements, irrigated agriculture, industry, and flood mitigation. It has become increasingly important for regulating environmental flows.[1][2][3]

Construction of the retaining walls required 103 cubic metres (3,600 cu ft) of rock fill, 18 metres (59 ft) high and 95 metres (312 ft) long. The average water depth is 7 metres (23 ft) and, at 100% capacity, the dam walls hold back 1,731,216 megalitres (61,137.3×10^6 cu ft) of water at an average of 60 metres (200 ft) above sea level. The surface area of the lakes within the scheme is 47,500 hectares (117,000 acres) and the combined catchment area is 273,226 square kilometres (105,493 sq mi). The uncontrolled concrete spillway with six vertical lift gates is capable of discharging water at 850 cubic metres per second (30,000 cu ft/s).[1][2][3]

Birds

Some 423 km2 (163 sq mi) of the lakes and their surrounds, with the exception of Lake Tandou, have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it has supported up to 222,000 waterbirds, including over 1% of the world populations of freckled ducks, grey teals, pink-eared ducks, red-necked avocets, sharp-tailed sandpipers and red-capped plovers.[5] Other waterbirds sometimes using the lakes in large numbers are Australasian shovellers, Australian shelducks, pied cormorants, yellow-billed spoonbills, Eurasian coots and white-headed stilts. Other species recorded in the IBA include Australian bustard, black and pied honeyeaters, chirruping wedgebill and grey falcon.[4]

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See also
  • The lakes are important for grey teals
  • Main Weir on the Darling River at the Menindee Lakes, 2009.
  • Menindee Lakes viewed from the Main Weir, 2012.
  • Dam construction, 1959.
  • Construction at Menindee Lakes Scheme, 1959.

References
  1. "Menindee Lakes Storages". Water delivery: storages. State Water Corporation. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  2. "Menindee Lakes" (PDF brochure). State Water Corporation. 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  3. "Register of Large Dams in Australia" (Excel (requires download)). Dams information. The Australian National Committee on Large Dams Incorporated. 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  4. BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Menindee Lakes. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 15 August 2011.
  5. "IBA: Menindee Lakes". Birdata. Birds Australia. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
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