Magnesium iodide

Magnesium iodide is the name for the chemical compounds with the formulas MgI2 and its various hydrates MgI2(H2O)x. These salts are typical ionic halides, being highly soluble in water.

Magnesium iodide
Names
IUPAC name
Magnesium iodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.738
EC Number
  • 233-825-1
UNII
Properties
MgI2 (anhydrous)
MgI2.6H2O (hexahydrate)
MgI2.8H2O (octahydrate)[1]
Molar mass 278.1139 g/mol (anhydrous)
386.2005 g/mol (hexahydrate)
422.236 g/mol (octahydrate)
Appearance white crystalline solid
Odor odorless
Density 4.43 g/cm3 (anhydrous solid)
2.353 g/cm3 (hexahydrate solid)
2.098 g/cm3 (octahydrate solid)
Melting point 637 °C (1,179 °F; 910 K) (anhydrous, decomposes)
41 °C (octahydrate, decomposes)
54.7 g/100 cm3 (anhydrous, 0 °C)
148 g/100 cm3 (anhydrous, 18 °C)[2]
81 g/100 cm3 (octahydrate, 20 °C)
Solubility soluble in ether, alcohol and ammonia
−111.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Hexagonal (anhydrous)
Monoclinic (hexahydrate)
Orthorhombic (octahydrate)
Thermochemistry
74 J/mol K
134 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 -364 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Warning
GHS hazard statements
 H315, H319
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Related compounds
Other anions
 Magnesium fluoride
Magnesium bromide
Magnesium chloride
Other cations
 beryllium iodide
calcium iodide
strontium iodide
barium iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Uses

Magnesium iodide has few commercial uses, but can be used to prepare compounds for organic synthesis.

Preparation

Magnesium iodide can be prepared from magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium carbonate by treatment with hydroiodic acid:[3]

MgO + 2 HI → MgI2 + H2O
Mg(OH)2 + 2 HI → MgI2 + 2 H2O
MgCO3 + 2 HI → MgI2 + CO2 + H2O

Reactions

Magnesium iodide is stable at high heat under a hydrogen atmosphere, but decomposes in air at normal temperatures, turning brown from the release of elemental iodine. When heated in air, it decomposes completely to magnesium oxide.[4]

Another method to prepare MgI2 is mixing powdered elemental iodine and magnesium metal. In order to obtain anhydrous MgI2, the reaction should be conducted in a strictly anhydrous atmosphere; dry-diethyl ether can be used as a solvent.

Usage of magnesium iodide in the Baylis-Hillman reaction tends to give (Z)-vinyl compounds.[5]

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References
  1. Perry, Dale L.; Phillips, Sidney L. (1995), Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, CRC Press, p. 240, ISBN 0-8493-8671-3, retrieved 2007-12-09
  2. Magnesium Iodide MSDS at AlfaAesar
  3. Patnaik, Pradyot (2003), Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals, McGraw-Hill Professional, pp. 527–528, ISBN 0-07-049439-8, retrieved 2007-12-09
  4. Wilsmore, N. T. M. (1891). "Note on Magnesium Iodide". In James Hector (ed.). Report of the Third Meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. Sydney: The Association. p. 116. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
  5. Tietze, Lutz-Friedjan; Brasche, Gordon; Gericke, Kersten (2006), Domino Reactions in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, p. 59, ISBN 3-527-29060-5, retrieved 2007-12-09
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