Lymphocryptovirus

Lymphocryptovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. This genus includes the human-infecting Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (Epstein–Barr virus), as well as viruses that infect both Old World monkeys and New World monkeys.[2] Other names for the Lymphocryptovirus genus include Lymphocryptoviridae (suffix -viridae implying family rank, although this is not the accepted taxonomy) and gamma-1 herpesviruses. There are currently nine species in this genus including the type species Human gammaherpesvirus 4. Diseases associated with this genus include: mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.[3][4]

Lymphocryptovirus
Electron micrograph of two Human gammaherpesvirus 4 virions (viral particles) showing round capsids loosely surrounded by the membrane envelope
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Peploviricota
Class: Herviviricetes
Order: Herpesvirales
Family: Herpesviridae
Subfamily: Gammaherpesvirinae
Genus: Lymphocryptovirus
Type species
Human gammaherpesvirus 4
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]
  • Unnamed genus 3
  • Gamma-1 herpesviruses

Species

The genus consists of the following nine species:[4]

Structure

Viruses in Lymphocryptovirus are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 180kb in length.[3]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
LymphocryptovirusSpherical pleomorphicT=16EnvelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and budding. Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are zoonosis, bite, contact, and saliva.[3]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
LymphocryptovirusHumans; mammalsB-lymphocytesGlycoprotiensBuddingNucleusNucleusSaliva
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References
  1. "ICTV Taxonomy history: Lymphocryptovirus" (html). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  2. Wang F, Rivailler P, Rao P, Cho Y (2001). "Simian homologues of Epstein-Barr virus". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 356 (1408): 489–97. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0776. PMC 1088440. PMID 11313007.
  3. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  4. "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
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