List of viverrids

Viverridae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora, composed mainly of the civets and genets. A member of this family is called a viverrid. They are widespread primarily throughout Africa, India, and southeast Asia, and are found primarily in forests, shrublands, and grasslands, though some species can be found in savannas or wetlands. Three viverrids are classified as endangered, and one, the Malabar large-spotted civet, is classified as critically endangered with a population size of around 200.

Four viverrid species (top left to bottom right): Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), common genet (Genetta genetta), masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), and binturong (Arctictis binturong)

The 33 species of Viverridae are split into 14 genera within 4 subfamilies: the 3 civet subfamilies Viverrinae, Hemigalinae, and Paradoxurinae, and the genet subfamily Genettinae. Extinct species have also been placed into Viverrinae, as well as the extinct subfamily Lophocyoninae, though most extinct species have not been categorized into a subfamily. Nearly twenty extinct Viverridae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically endangered (1 species)
EN	Endangered (3 species)
VU	Vulnerable (6 species)
NT	Near threatened (3 species)
LC	Least concern (18 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (2 species)
NE	Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the viverrid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN red list for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "". Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

Classification

The family Viverridae consists of 33 extant species belonging to 14 genera in 4 subfamilies and divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

• Subfamily Genettinae
  • Genus Genetta: fourteen species
  • Genus Poiana: two species
• Subfamily Hemigalinae
  • Genus Chrotogale: one species
  • Genus Cynogale: one species
  • Genus Diplogale: one species
  • Genus Hemigalus: one species
• Subfamily Paradoxurinae
  • Genus Arctictis: one species
  • Genus Arctogalidia: one species
  • Genus Macrogalidia: one species
  • Genus Paguma: one species
  • Genus Paradoxurus: three species
• Subfamily Viverrinae
  • Genus Civettictis: one species
  • Genus Viverra: four species
  • Genus Viverricula: one species

Viverridae      Paradoxurinae           Paradoxurus       Macrogalidia         Paguma         Arctictis         Arctogalidia       Hemigalinae     Cynogale         Chrotogale         Diplogale       Hemigalus               Viverrinae       Viverra       Civettictis         Viverricula       Genettinae     Poiana       Genetta

Viverrids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis. This includes the promotion of the Prionodontinae subfamily into its own family, and the moving of the Poiana and Genetta genera out of the Viverrinae subfamily into their own Genettinae subfamily. There are several additional proposals which are disputed, such as splitting the golden palm civet into three species or adding three additional species to Genetta, which are not included here.

Subfamily Genettinae

Genus Genetta (Cuvier, 1816) – fourteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Abyssinian genet	G. abyssinica Rüppell, 1836		Size: Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[1] Diet: [1]	DD  Unknown [1]
Angolan genet	G. angolensis Bocage, 1882		Size: Habitat: Savanna[2] Diet: [2]	LC  Unknown [2]
Aquatic genet	G. piscivora Allen, 1919		Size: Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[3] Diet: Primarily eats fish[3]	NT  10,000 [3]
Bourlon's genet	G. bourloni Gaubert, 2003		Size: Habitat: Forest[4] Diet: [4]	VU  9,850 [4]
Cape genet	G. tigrina Schreber, 1776 Two subspecies G. t. methi G. t. tigrina		Size: Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[5] Diet: [5]	LC  Unknown [5]
Common genet	G. genetta Linnaeus, 1758 Five subspecies G. g. afra G. g. dongolana G. g. felina G. g. genetta G. g. senegalensis		Size: Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, and mountain peaks)[6] Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, as well as birds, other small vertebrates, insects, and fruit[6]	LC  Unknown [6]
Crested servaline genet	G. cristata Hayman, 1940		Size: Habitat: Forest[7] Diet: [7]	VU  7,000 [7]
Giant forest genet	G. victoriae Thomas, 1902		Size: Habitat: Forest[8] Diet: [8]	LC  Unknown [8]
Haussa genet	G. thierryi Matschie, 1902		Size: Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[9] Diet: [9]	LC  Unknown [9]
Johnston's genet	G. johnstoni Pocock, 1908		Size: Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[10] Diet: [10]	NT  Unknown [10]
King genet	G. poensis Waterhouse, 1838		Size: Habitat: Forest[11] Diet: [11]	DD  Unknown [11]
Pardine genet	G. pardina Geoffroy, 1832		Size: Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[12] Diet: [12]	LC  Unknown [12]
Rusty-spotted genet	G. maculata Gray, 1830		Size: Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[13] Diet: [13]	LC  Unknown [13]
Servaline genet	G. servalina Pucheran, 1855 Five subspecies G. s. archeri (Zanzibar servaline genet) G. s. bettoni G. s. lowei G. s. schwarzi G. s. servalina		Size: Habitat: Forest and shrubland[14] Diet: [14]	LC  Unknown [14]

Genus Poiana (Gray, 1865) – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Central African oyan	P. richardsonii Thomson, 1842 Two subspecies P. r. ochracea P. r. richardsonii		Size: 33–38 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 35–40 cm (14–16 in) tail[15] Habitat: Forest[16] Diet: [16]	LC  Unknown [16]
West African oyan	P. leightoni Pocock, 1908		Size: Habitat: Forest[17] Diet: [17]	VU  6,700-10,000 [17]

Subfamily Hemigalinae

Main article: Hemigalinae

Genus Chrotogale (Thomas, 1912) – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Owston's palm civet	C. owstoni Thomas, 1912		Size: Habitat: Forest and shrubland[18] Diet: Believed to primarily eat earthworms and other invertebrates[18]	EN  Unknown [18]

Genus Cynogale (Gray, 1837) – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Otter civet	C. bennettii Gray, 1837 Two subspecies C. b. bennettii C. b. lowei		Size: Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[19] Diet: Primarily eats fish, crabs, molluscs, small mammals, and birds[19]	EN  2,490 [19]

Genus Diplogale (Thomas, 1912) – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Hose's palm civet	D. hosei Thomas, 1892		Size: Habitat: Forest[20] Diet: Believed to primarily eat small fish, shrimp, crabs, and frogs as well as insects[20]	VU  9,500 [20]

Genus Hemigalus (Jourdan, 1837) – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Banded palm civet	H. derbyanus Gray, 1837 Four subspecies H. d. boiei H. d. derbyanus H. d. minor H. d. sipora		Size: Habitat: Forest[21] Diet: Primarily eats insects[21]	NT  Unknown [21]

Subfamily Paradoxurinae

Main article: Paradoxurinae

Genus Arctictis (Temminck, 1824) – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Binturong	A. binturong Raffles, 1821 Six subspecies A. b. albifrons A. b. binturong A. b. kerkhoveni A. b. menglaensis A. b. penicillatus A. b. whitei (Palawan binturong)		Size: 61–96 cm (24–38 in) long, plus 56–89 cm (22–35 in) tail[22] Habitat: Forest[23] Diet: [23]	VU  Unknown [23]

Genus Arctogalidia (Merriam, 1897) – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Small-toothed palm civet	A. trivirgata Gray, 1832 Fourteen subspecies A. t. bancana A. t. fusca A. t. inornata A. t. leucotis A. t. macra A. t. major A. t. millsi A. t. minor A. t. simplex A. t. stigmaticus A. t. sumatrana A. t. tingia A. t. trilineata A. t. trivirgata		Size: 44–60 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 48–66 cm (19–26 in) tail[24] Habitat: Forest[25] Diet: [25]	LC  Unknown [25]

Genus Macrogalidia (Schwarz, 1910) – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Sulawesi palm civet	M. musschenbroekii Schlegel, 1877		Size: Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[26] Diet: Primarily eats rodents and palm fruit, as well as other small mammals, birds, fruit, and grass[26]	VU  9,000 [26]

Genus Paguma (Gray, 1831) – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Masked palm civet	P. larvata H. Smith, 1827 Sixteen subspecies P. l. chichingensis P. l. grayi P. l. hainana P. l. intrudens P. l. janetta P. l. jourdanii P. l. lanigera P. l. larvata P. l. leucomystax P. l. neglecta P. l. nigriceps P. l. ogilbyi P. l. robusta P. l. taivana P. l. tytlerii P. l. wroughtoni		Size: 50–76 cm (20–30 in) long, plus 50–64 cm (20–25 in) tail[27] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[28] Diet: Omnivorous; primarily eats fruit[28]	LC  Unknown [28]

Genus Paradoxurus (F. Cuvier, 1821) – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Asian palm civet	P. hermaphroditus Pallas, 1777 30 subspecies P. h. balicus P. h. bondar P. h. canescens P. h. canus P. h. cochinensis P. h. dongfangensis P. h. enganus P. h. exitus P. h. hermaphroditus P. h. javanica P. h. kangeanus P. h. laotum P. h. lignicolor P. h. milleri P. h. minor P. h. musanga P. h. nictitans P. h. pallasii P. h. pallens P. h. parvus P. h. philippinensis P. h. pugnax P. h. pulcher P. h. sacer P. h. scindiae P. h. senex P. h. setosus P. h. simplex P. h. sumbanus P. h. vellerosus		Size: Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[29] Diet: Primarily eats rats and fruit, as well as insects and molluscs[29]	LC  Unknown [29]
Brown palm civet	P. jerdoni Blanford, 1885 Two subspecies P. j. caniscus P. j. jerdoni		Size: 43–62 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 38–53 cm (15–21 in) tail[30] Habitat: Forest[31] Diet: Primarily eats fruit, as well as birds, rodents, and insects[31]	LC  Unknown [31]
Golden palm civet	P. zeylonensis Schreber, 1778		Size: Habitat: Forest and shrubland[32] Diet: Primarily eats berries, fruits, and invertebrates, as well as small vertebrates[32]	LC  Unknown [32]

Subfamily Viverrinae

Main article: Viverrinae

Genus Civettictis (Pocock, 1915) – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
African civet	C. civetta Schreber, 1776 Six subspecies C. c. australis C. c. civetta C. c. congica C. c. pauli C. c. schwarzi C. c. volkmanni		Size: 60–92 cm (24–36 in) long, plus 43–61 cm (17–24 in) tail[33] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and inland wetlands[34] Diet: Omnivorous; primarily eats fruit[34]	LC  Unknown [34]

Genus Viverra (Linnaeus, 1758) – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Large-spotted civet	V. megaspila Blyth, 1862		Size: Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands[35] Diet: [35]	EN  Unknown [35]
Large Indian civet	V. zibetha Linnaeus, 1758 Five subspecies V. z. ashtoni V. z. hainana V. z. picta V. z. pruinosus V. z. zibetha		Size: Habitat: Forest and shrubland[36] Diet: Primarily eats fish, birds, lizards, frogs, insects, arthropods, and crabs, as well as poultry and rubbish[36]	LC  Unknown [36]
Malabar large-spotted civet	V. civettina Blyth, 1862		Size: Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[37] Diet: [37]	CR  200 [37]
Malayan civet	V. tangalunga Gray, 1832 Two subspecies V. t. lankavensis V. t. tangalunga		Size: long, plus 30–49 cm (12–19 in) tail[38] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[39] Diet: Omnivorous[39]	LC  Unknown [39]

Genus Viverricula (Hodgson, 1838) – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Small Indian civet	V. indica Desmarest, 1804 Twelve subspecies V. i. atchinensis V. i. baliensis V. i. baptistae V. i. deserti V. i. indica V. i. klossi V. i. mayori V. i. muriavensis V. i. pallida V. i. schlegelii V. i. thai V. i. wellsi		Size: Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[40] Diet: Primarily eats rodents, birds, snakes, fruit, roots, carrion, and insects[40]	LC  Unknown [40]

Prehistoric viverrids

Drawing of V. leakeyi (Leakey's civet)

In addition to extant viverrids, a number of prehistoric species have been discovered and classified as a part of Viverridae. In addition to being placed within the extant subfamily Viverrinae, they have been categorized within the extinct subfamily Lophocyoninae, though most have not been classified within a subfamily. There is no generally accepted classification of extinct viverrid species. The species listed here are based on data from the Paleobiology Database, unless otherwise cited. Where available, the approximate time period the species was extant is given in millions of years before the present (Mya), also based on data from the Paleobiology Database.[41] All listed species are extinct; where a genus or subfamily within Viverridae comprises only extinct species, it is indicated with a dagger symbol .

• Subfamily Lophocyoninae
  • Genus Lophocyon
    • l. paraskevaidisi

• Subfamily Viverrinae (24 Mya–present)
  • Genus Orangictis (24–11 Mya)
    • O. gariepensis (24–11 Mya)
  • Genus Semigenetta (17–15 Mya)
    • S. cadeoti (17–15 Mya)
  • Genus Viverra (7.3 Mya–present)
    • V. leakeyi (Leakey's civet) (7.3–2.5 Mya)

• Unclassified
  • Genus Africanictis (24–11 Mya)
    • A. hyaenoides (24–11 Mya)
    • A. meini (24–11 Mya)
    • A. schmidtkittleri (24–15 Mya)
  • Genus Kanuites
    • K. lewisae[42]
  • Genus Ketketictis (24–15 Mya)
    • K. solida (24–15 Mya)
  • Genus Leptoplesictis (24–15 Mya)
    • L. senutae (24–15 Mya)
    • L. namibiensis (24–15 Mya)
  • Genus Mioprionodon (29–23 Mya)
    • M. hodopeus (29–23 Mya)
  • Genus Progenetta (16–7.2 Mya)
  • Genus Pseudocivetta (5.4–1.8 Mya)
  • Genus Sahelictis
  • Genus Tugenicitis
  • Genus Vishnuictis (5.4–2.5 Mya)

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