Hemigalinae

The Hemigalinae are a subfamily of the viverrids denominated and first described by John Edward Gray in 1864.[1] Hemigalinae species are native to Southeast Asia from southern China through Indochina, Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Borneo and Sulawesi.[2]

Hemigalinae
Banded palm civet (Hemigalus derbyanus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Viverridae
Subfamily: Hemigalinae
Gray, 1864

Characteristics

The tails of Hemigalinae species are ringed. The toes and the middle of the lower part of the tarsus are bald. The frenum, upper part, and sides of the lower part are hairy. The orbit is imperfect.[1]

Hemigalinae resemble the Viverrinae in having the scent glands present in both sexes and wholly perineal, but differing by their simpler structure, consisting in the male of a shallower, smaller pouch, with less tumid lips, situated midway between the scrotum and the penis, but not extending to either. In the female, the scent glands consist of a pair of swellings, each with a slit-like orifice, situated one on each side of the vulva and a little behind it and on a common eminence, the perineal area behind this eminence being naked. The prepuce is long and pendulous. The feet are nearly intermediate in structure between those of the digitigrade Viverrinae and the semiplantigrade Paradoxurinae, but more like the latter, both the carpal and metatarsal pads being well developed, double, and joining the plantar pad below, and as wide as it is at the point of contact. But the feet, with the pads, are considerably narrower, the carpals and metatarsals converging and meeting above so that a much larger area of the under surface is hairy. The area between the four main digits and the plantar pad is covered with short hair, and the pads of the third and fourth digits of the hind foot are separated as in the Viverrinae, not confluent as in the Paradoxurinae. The retractile claws are not protected by skin-lobes.[3]

Classification

The Hemigalinae subfamily comprises the following five monospecific genera:[2]

GenusSpeciesDistribution and IUCN Red List status
Hemigalus Jourdan, 1837[4] Banded palm civet (H. derbyanus) Jourdan, 1837[4]
 VU[5]
Cynogale Gray, 1836[6] Otter civet (C. bennettii) Gray, 1836[6]
 EN[7]
Macrogalidia Schwarz, 1910[8] Sulawesi palm civet (M. musschenbroekii) (Schlegel, 1877)[9]
 VU[10]
Diplogale Thomas, 1912[11] Hose's palm civet (D. hosei) (Thomas, 1892)[12]
 VU[13]
Chrotogale Thomas, 1912[11] Owston's palm civet (C. owstoni) Thomas, 1912[11]
 EN[14]
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References
  1. Gray, J. E. (1864). "A revision of the genera and species of viverrine animals (Viverridae), founded on the collection in the British Museum". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1864: 502–579.
  2. Veron, G.; Bonillo, C.; Hassanin, A. & Jennings, A.P. (2017). "Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Hemigalinae civets (Mammalia, Carnivora)". European Journal of Taxonomy. 285: 1–20. doi:10.5852/ejt.2017.285.
  3. Pocock, R. I. (1939). "Hemigalinae". The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1. London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 450–457.
  4. Jourdan, C. (1837). "Mémoire sur deux mammifères nouveaux de l'Inde, considérés comme types des deux genres voisins des Paradoxures, genres Hémigale et Ambliodon". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences: 442–447.
  5. Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Chutipong, W.; Hedges, L.; Hearn, A.; Linkie, M.; Loken, B.; Mathai, J.; McCarthy, J.; Ngoprasert, D.; Tantipisanuh, N.; Wilting, A. & Haidir, I.A. (2015). "Hemigalus derbyanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41689A45216918.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. Gray, J.E. (1836). "Characters of some new species of Mammalia in the Society's collection". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part IV (October): 87–88.
  7. Ross, J.; Wilting, A.; Ngoprasert, D.; Loken, B.; Hedges, L.; Duckworth, J.W.; Cheyne, S.; Brodie, J.; Chutipong, W.; Hearn, A.; Linkie, M.; McCarthy, J.; Tantipisanuh, N. & Haidir, I.A. (2015). "Cynogale bennettii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T6082A45197343. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  8. Schwarz, E. (1910). "Notes on some Palm-Civets". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 8. 5 (29): 422–424.
  9. Schlegel, H. (1879). "Paradoxurus musschenbroekii". Notes from the Royal Zoological Museum of the Netherlands at Leyden. 1 (Note XIV): 43.
  10. Willcox, D.H.A.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Hearn, A. & Ross, J. (2016). "Arctogalidia trivirgata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41691A45217378.
  11. Thomas, O. (1912). "Two new Genera and a Species of Viverrine Carnivora". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part II: 498–503.
  12. Thomas, O. (1892). "On some Mammals form Mount Dulit, North Borneo". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part I: 221–226.
  13. Mathai, J.; Duckworth, J.W.; Wilting, A.; Hearn, A. & Brodie, J. (2015). "Diplogale hosei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T6635A45197564.
  14. Timmins, R.J.; Coudrat, C.N.Z.; Duckworth, J.W.; Gray, T.N.E.; Robichaud, W.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Long, B. & Roberton, S. (2016). "Chrotogale owstoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4806A45196929.
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