List of sovereign states in 1648
Sovereign states
A
B
C
- Calicut – Zamorin of Calicut
Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia - Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
- China – Great Qing Empire
- Chamba – Chamba State
- Champa – Kingdom of Champa
- Chitradurga – Chitradurga Nayak Kingdom
- Chutiya – Chutiya Kingdom
- Circassia
- Cochin – Kingdom of Cochin
- Cooch Behar – Cooch Behar State
Cospaia – Republic of Cospaia
D
- Đại Việt – Kingdom of Đại Việt
- Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
Denmark-Norway – United Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway - Dhenkanal – Dhenkanal State
- Dremoshong – Kingdom of Dremoshong
- Durdzuki
- Dzungar – Dzungar Khanate
F
France – Kingdom of France
G
H
- Hawwara
Holy Roman Empire – Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation Austria – Archduchy of Austria Bavaria – Electorate of Bavaria Brandenburg – Margraviate of Brandenburg (in personal union with Prussia) Cologne – Electorate of Cologne Electoral Palatinate – County Palatine of the Rhine Lorraine – Duchy of Lorraine Mainz – Electorate of Mainz Saxony – Electorate of Saxony Trier – Electorate of Trier Württemberg – Duchy of Württemberg
J
K
- Kabardia – Principality of Kabardia
- Kachar – Kachari Kingdom
- Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
- Kalahandi – Kalahandi State
Kalmyk – Kalmyk Khanate Kangleipak – Kangleipak State - Kangra – Kangra State
- Kandy – Kingdom of Kandy
- Kanker – Kanker State
Kazakh – Kazakh Khanate - Keladi – Keladi Nayak Kingdom
- Keonjhar – Keonjhar State
- Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
- Khoshut – Khoshut Khanate
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo - Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
- Koya – Kingdom of Koya
- Kuba – Kuba Kingdom
- Kumaon – Kumaon Kingdom
M
- Madurai – Madurai Nayak dynasty
Malta – Order of Saint John Mantua – Duchy of Mantua - Massa – Principality of Massa
Masserano – Principality of Masserano - Mayurbhanj – Mayurbhanj State
Modena – Duchy of Modena and Reggio Monaco – Principality of Monaco Montferrat – Duchy of Montferrat Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco - Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
Mughal Empire - Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore
N
- Ndongo – Kingdom of Ndongo
- Nepal – Malla dynasty of Nepal
Netherlands – Republic of the Seven United Netherlands - Ngoyo – Kingdom of Ngoyo
Noli – Republic of Noli
O
- Odanad
Oman – Imamate of Oman - Ossetia
Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State - Oyo – Oyo Empire
P
Papal States – State of the Church Parma – Duchy of Parma - Patna – Patna State
- Piombino – Principality of Piombino
Poland-Lithuania – Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal Prussia – Duchy of Prussia (in personal union with Brandenburg)
S
San Marino – Republic of San Marino Savoy – Duchy of Savoy Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland (in personal union with England) Seborga – Principality of Seborga Senarica – Republic of Senarica - Sennar – Funj sultanate of Sinnar
- Sonepur – Sonepur State
- Southern Ming – Great Ming Empire
Spain – Monarchy of Spain[lower-alpha 1] - Suket – Suket State
Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu Sweden – Swedish Empire - Switzerland – Swiss Confederacy
T
U
W
Non-sovereign territories
England
Notes
- Philip IV sometimes used the title of "King of Spain", but actually ruled over a dynastic union consisting of the Crown of Aragon (Aragon, Valencia, Barcelona, Mallorca, Naples, Sardinia, and Sicily), the Crown of Castile (Castile and León) and the Spanish Netherlands. This empire did not have a national flag in 1648.
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