List of lost films

For this list of lost films, a lost film is defined as one of which no part of a print is known to have survived. For films in which any portion of the footage remains (including trailers), see List of incomplete or partially lost films.

Lon Chaney appeared in numerous films that are now lost. This still is from The Miracle Man (1919), a sought-after lost film.

At one time a popular player at Fox, all of Valeska Suratt's Fox films are lost.

Reasons for loss

Films may go missing for a number of reasons. One major contributing factor is the common use of nitrate film until the early 1950s. This type of film is highly flammable, and there have been several devastating fires, such as the Universal Pictures fire in 1924, the 1937 Fox vault fire and the 1965 MGM vault fire.[1]

Black-and-white film prints judged to be otherwise worthless were sometimes incinerated to salvage the meager scrap value of the silver image particles in their emulsions.[2] Films have disappeared when production companies went bankrupt.[2] Occasionally, a studio would remake a film and destroy the earlier version.[2] Silent films in particular were once seen as having no further commercial value and were simply junked to clear out expensive storage space.[3]

Statistics on lost films

Martin Scorsese's Film Foundation claims that "half of all American films made before 1950 and over 90% of films made before 1929 are lost forever."[4] Deutsche Kinemathek estimates that 80–90% of silent films are gone;[5] the film archive's own list contains over 3,500 lost films.

A study by the Library of Congress states that 75% of all silent films are now lost.[6] While others dispute whether the percentage is quite that high,[7] it is impractical to enumerate any but the more notable and those that can be sourced.

For example, roughly 200 out of over 500 Méliès' films and 350 out of over 1,000 of Alice Guy's films survive.

Notable lost films

Amongst the films commonly mourned among critics and film historians are early films by noted directors and films of unique cultural importance. The Mountain Eagle was the second film to be directed by Alfred Hitchcock in 1926; the silent melodrama has been described by the British Film Institute as their "most wanted" lost film.[8] London After Midnight, directed by Tod Browning in 1927, was a silent-era vampire film that is seen as the 'holy grail' of lost films by collectors.[9] Hollywood, a silent comedy film directed by James Cruze, featured over 30 cameo appearances from major stars of the day, including Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Astor and Pola Negri, but no footage exists.[10] Films with all-African American casts produced by Ralph Cooper, including Bargain with Bullets starring Theresa Harris and While Thousands Cheer starring Kenny Washington, are also considered lost.[11]

Silent films

1890s

Year	Film	Director	Cast	Notes	Ref
1896	Arrivée d'un train gare de Vincennes	Georges Méliès		A French short documentary	[12]
	L'Arroseur (a.k.a. Watering the Flowers)	Georges Méliès		A short comedy	[13]
	Barque sortant du port de Trouville	Georges Méliès			[14]
	Bateau-mouche sur la Seine	Georges Méliès			[15]
	Bébé et fillettes	Georges Méliès		A short documentary	[16]
	Les Blanchisseuses	Georges Méliès		A short documentary	[17]
	Bois de Boulogne (Porte de Madrid)	Georges Méliès		A short documentary	[18]
	Bois de Boulogne (Touring Club)	Georges Méliès		A short documentary	[19]
	Boulevard des Italiens	Georges Méliès		A short documentary	[20]
	Campement de bohémiens (The Bohemian Encampment)	Georges Méliès		A short documentary	[21]
	Les chevaux de bois	Georges Méliès			[22]
	Le chiffonnier	Georges Méliès			[23]
	Couronnement de la rosière	Georges Méliès			[24]
	Déchargement de bateaux	Georges Méliès			[25]
	Jardinier brûlant des herbes	Georges Méliès			[26]
	Jetée et Plage de Trouville (first and second parts)	Georges Méliès			[27][28]
	Jour de marché à Trouville	Georges Méliès			[29]
	Gestoorde hengelaar	M.H. Laddé		The first Dutch fictional film	[30]
	Spelende kinderen	M.H. Laddé			[31]
	Zwemplaats voor Jongelingen te Amsterdam	M.H. Laddé			[32]

1900s

Year	Film	Director	Cast	Notes	Ref
1900	Solser en Hesse	M.H. Laddé		The first film with this title, featuring the Dutch comedians Lion Solser and Piet Hesse	[33]
1903	Hiawatha, the Messiah of the Ojibway	Joe Rosenthal		Believed to be the first Canadian fiction film	[34]
1906	Solser en Hesse	M.H. Laddé		The second film with this title, featuring the Dutch comedians Lion Solser and Piet Hesse	[35]
1907	Salaviinanpolttajat	Louis Sparre, Teuvo Puro	Teppo Raikas, Teuvo Puro, Jussi Snellman, Eero Kilpi, Axel Rautio	The first Finnish fiction film. Some sources also consider it to be the first Russian fiction film, as Finland was a part of the Russian Empire until 1917.	[36]
1908	The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays	Francis Boggs, Otis Turner	L. Frank Baum	First adaptation of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and several of its sequels. Shown only in roadshow engagements as part of a live theater presentation, the print decomposed and was discarded.	[37]
1908	The Music Master	Wallace McCutcheon, Sr.	D. W. Griffith	Most of D. W. Griffith's early appearances as an actor in Biograph films have been preserved, minus this title.	[38]
1908	La Tosca	André Calmettes	Sarah Bernhardt	The second film starring Bernhardt, the best known stage actress of the 1880s-1900s. Based on the play by Victorien Sardou that was adapted into an opera by Giacomo Puccini.	[39]

1910s

Main articles: List of lost silent films (1910–1914) and List of lost silent films (1915–1919)

1920s

Main articles: List of lost silent films (1920–1924) and List of lost silent films (1925–1929)

Sound films

From 1929 on, films are "all-talking" unless otherwise specified.

1920s

Year	Film	Director	Cast	Notes	Ref
1928	Alias Jimmy Valentine	Jack Conway	William Haines, Lionel Barrymore	This part-talkie was MGM's first film with synchronized dialogue sequences. It was also released as a silent film, which is similarly lost.	[40]
	4 Devils	F.W. Murnau	Janet Gaynor	Fox Studios' print was reportedly borrowed by actress Mary Duncan, who played a supporting role in the film, but its whereabouts are now unknown.	[41][42]
	Heart Trouble	Harry Langdon	Harry Langdon	Langdon's last silent feature received little promotion in the United States, with fewer than 100 prints struck. There were reported showings in Australia in 1931.	[43][44]
	The Home Towners	Bryan Foy	Doris Kenyon, Richard Bennett	Warner Bros.' third all-talking feature	[45]
	The Melody of Love	Arch Heath	Walter Pidgeon, Mildred Harris	Universal's first sound feature	[45]
	On Trial	Archie Mayo	Pauline Frederick, Lois Wilson, Bert Lytell	Warner Bros.' fourth all-talking feature	[45]
	Tenderloin	Michael Curtiz	Dolores Costello, Conrad Nagel	Second feature film to have synchronized dialogue sequences, part-talkie	[45]
	Women They Talk About	Lloyd Bacon	Irene Rich	A part-talkie released by Warner Bros.	[45]
1929	The Argyle Case	Howard Bretherton	Thomas Meighan, H. B. Warner, Lila Lee, Gladys Brockwell	Silent veteran Brockwell died in a traffic accident shortly after making this film.	[46]
	The Aviator	Roy Del Ruth	Edward Everett Horton, Patsy Ruth Miller		[47]
	The Awful Truth	Marshall Neilan	Ina Claire		[48]
	College Love	Nat Ross	George J. Lewis, Eddie Phillips		[45]
	Dark Streets	Frank Lloyd	Jack Mulhall, Lila Lee	Jack Mulhall's character is the first attempt at dual role double exposure photography in a talking film.[49]
	Evidence	John G. Adolfi	Pauline Frederick, Conway Tearle		[50]
	Fancy Baggage	John G. Adolfi	Audrey Ferris, Myrna Loy	A part-talkie from Warner Bros.
	Footlights and Fools	William A. Seiter	Colleen Moore	Part-Technicolor.	[45]
	The Forward Pass	Edward F. Cline	Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Loretta Young		[45]
	Fox Movietone Follies of 1929	David Butler	John Breeden, Lola Lane	Multicolor sequences	[51]
	Frozen Justice	Allan Dwan	Lenore Ulric		[52]
	The Gamblers	Michael Curtiz	H. B. Warner, Lois Wilson
	Hearts in Exile	Michael Curtiz	Dolores Costello, Grant Withers
	Honky Tonk	Lloyd Bacon	Sophie Tucker, Lila Lee	This was Tucker's film debut. The complete soundtrack survives.	[45]
	The Hottentot	Roy Del Ruth	Edward Everett Horton, Patsy Ruth Miller
	Is Everybody Happy?	Archie Mayo	Ted Lewis, Ann Pennington		[45]
	Jealousy	Jean de Limur	Jeanne Eagels, Fredric March		[53]
	Love, Live and Laugh	William K. Howard	George Jessel, Lila Lee		[45]
	The Love Racket	William A. Seiter	Dorothy Mackaill, Sidney Blackmer
	Lucky in Love	Kenneth S. Webb	Morton Downey, Betty Lawford	All-talking	[45]
	Madonna of Avenue A	Michael Curtiz	Dolores Costello, Grant Withers		[54]
	Melody Lane	Robert F. Hill	Eddie Leonard, Josephine Dunn	Universal's first fully talking musical	[45]
	A Most Immoral Lady	John Griffith Wray	Walter Pidgeon, Leatrice Joy	Eight sound discs survive at UCLA. Visual elements appear not to have survived.	[55]
	The Painted Angel	Millard Webb	Billie Dove, Edmund Lowe		[45]
	Paris	Clarence G. Badger	Irene Bordoni, Jack Buchanan	Technicolor sequences.	[45]
	Queen of the Night Clubs	Bryan Foy	Texas Guinan, Lila Lee		[45]
	Red Hot Rhythm	Leo McCarey	Alan Hale, Kathryn Crawford	Multicolor sequences.	[45]
	The Sacred Flame	Archie Mayo	Pauline Frederick, Conrad Nagel		[56]
	Skin Deep	Ray Enright	Monte Blue, Betty Compson
	Smiling Irish Eyes	William A. Seiter	Colleen Moore	Part-Technicolor.	[45]
	A Song of Kentucky	Lewis Seiler	Lois Moran, Joseph Wagstaff		[45]
	South Sea Rose	Allan Dwan	Lenore Ulric, Charles Bickford		[57]
	Speakeasy	Benjamin Stoloff	Paul Page, Lola Lane		[58]
	Stark Mad	Lloyd Bacon	Louise Fazenda, H. B. Warner	Released in both silent and all-talking version; both are lost.	[59]
	The Time, the Place and the Girl	Howard Bretherton	Grant Withers, Betty Compson

1930s

Year	Film	Director	Cast	Notes	Ref
1930	An Elastic Affair	Alfred Hitchcock		Short film made by Hitchcock for an awards ceremony at the London Palladium in January 1930	[60]
	The Big Party	John G. Blystone	Sue Carol, Dixie Lee		[45]
	Cock o' the Walk	Walter Lang	Arturo S. Mom, Frances Guihan
	Bride of the Regiment	John Francis Dillon	Vivienne Segal, Walter Pidgeon	All-Technicolor musical drama, only the soundtrack survives on Vitaphone discs	[45]
	Cameo Kirby	Irving Cummings	J. Harold Murray, Norma Terris		[45]
	The Cave of the Silken Web II	Dan Duyu	Yin Mingzhu	Silent. Chinese film. Original title: 续盘丝洞 (Xù pán xī dong). Sequel to the 1927 The Cave of the Silken Web (which itself had been thought to have been lost, but was rediscovered in 2013)
	College Lovers	John G. Adolfi	Marion Nixon, Jack Whiting	Musical comedy	[45]
	Fellers	Austin Fay, Arthur Higgins	Arthur Tauchert, Les Coney	An Australian comedy	[61]
	Kismet	John Francis Dillon	Otis Skinner, Loretta Young	A lavish costume drama in the early widescreen process known as Vitascope. The complete soundtrack exists on Vitaphone discs.	[62]
	Let's Go Places	Frank R. Strayer	Frank Richardson, Dixie Lee		[45]
	Lilies of the Field	Alexander Korda	Corinne Griffith, Ralph Forbes		[45]
	Lord Richard in the Pantry	Walter Forde	Richard Cooper, Dorothy Seacombe	Included on the British Film Institute's "75 Most Wanted" list of lost British feature films	[63]
	One Mad Kiss	Marcel Silver	José Mojica, Antonio Moreno		[45]
	No, No, Nanette	Clarence G. Badger	Bernice Claire, Alexander Gray	Part-Technicolor musical comedy. The soundtrack discs and the trailer survive.	[45][64]
	Song of the Flame	Alan Crosland	Bernice Claire, Noah Beery	All-Technicolor musical drama, the first color film featuring widescreen, and Academy Award nominee for Best Sound. Sound discs for five of the nine reels exist.	[45]
1931	Alam Ara	Ardeshir Irani	Master Vithal, Zubeida, Jilloo, Sushila, Prithviraj Kapoor	The first Indian sound film	[65]
	Charlie Chan Carries On		Warner Oland, Hamilton MacFadden	An alternate Spanish-language version, featuring a different cast, exists	[66]
	Deadlock	George King	Stewart Rome, Marjorie Hume, Warwick Ward	On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list	[67]
	Hobson's Choice	Thomas Bentley	James Harcourt, Viola Lyel, Frank Pettingell	On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films	[68]
	Kalidas	H. M. Reddy	T. P. Rajalakshmi, P. G. Venkatesan, L. V. Prasad	First sound film in Tamil cinema, as well as in South Indian cinema	[69][70]
	Peludópolis	Quirino Cristiani		Argentine production; the world's first animated feature film with sound, using a primitive sound-on-disc system	[71]
	Two Crowded Hours	Michael Powell	John Longden, Jane Welsh, Jerry Verno	Powell's directorial debut	[72]
1932	Charlie Chan's Chance	John G. Blystone	Warner Oland	Sixth film of the Charlie Chan series and third with Warner Oland	[73]
	Men of Tomorrow	Zoltan Korda, Leontine Sagan	Maurice Braddell, Joan Gardner	Robert Donat's film debut; on the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films	[74]
	The Missing Rembrandt		Arthur Wontner	Second film in the Sherlock Holmes series	[75][76]
	Tonendes ABC	László Moholy-Nagy		Experimental film; the negative was scratched by hand. Seen by Norman McLaren in the 1930s	[77]
1933	Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka	Kenzō Masaoka		First sound anime	[78]
	Convention City	Archie Mayo	Joan Blondell Dick Powell Adolphe Menjou Mary Astor	A pre-Code film produced by First National–Warner Bros.	[45]
	Night in the City	Fei Mu	Ruan Lingyu Jin Yan	Fei Mu's debut
	Two Minutes Silence	Paulette McDonagh	Frank Bradley, Campbell Copelin, Marie Lorraine	Australia's first anti-war movie	[61]
	Wasei Kingu Kongu	Torajiro Saito	Isamu Yamaguchi	Japanese short film based on King Kong	[79]
1934	Jail Birds of Paradise	Al Boasberg	Dorothy Appleby, Moe Howard, Curly Howard	The only lost Three Stooges film	[80]
	Murder at Monte Carlo		Errol Flynn	Flynn's debut film in the UK	[81]
	Ragazzo	Ivo Perilli	Costantino Frasca, Isa Pola, Osvaldo Valenti	Screening was banned by Fascist authorities before the premiere, and the film was subsequently stored at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia. During the Germans' retreat in 1944, the center was looted and set on fire.	[82][83]
	The Scarab Murder Case		Wilfrid Hyde-White	A Philo Vance film	[84]
1935	The Magic Shoes		Peter Finch	Completed, but never released	[61]
	Obeah!	F. Herrick Herrick	Jean Brooks, Phillips Lord	Released in February 1935	[85]
1936	The Oregon Trail		John Wayne	Stills were found in 2013	[86]
	The Adventures of Pinocchio	Raoul Verdini, Umberto Spano		Unfinished film intended to be the first animated feature film from Italy. Only the original script and a couple of still frames survive.	[87]
1937	Terang Boelan	Albert Balink	Rd. Mochtar, Roekiah	Romance film from the Dutch East Indies; the colony's biggest commercial success	[88]
1938	Buzzy Boop at the Concert	Dave Fleischer	Mae Questel	A lost cartoon which stars Buzzy Boop, the cousin of Betty Boop
	King Kong Appears in Edo	Sōya Kumagai	Eizaburo Matsumoto	Likely lost during World War II	[89]
	Nad Niemnem	Wanda Jakubowska and Karol Szolowski		The Nazi regime liked the artistic value of the movie, but could not allow the screening of a picture so firmly rooted in Polish history. It was dubbed and re-edited, changing it to pro-German propaganda. Stefan Dekierowski informed the Polish underground, and the remaining three copies (out of five total) were hidden in winter 1939; the movie is believed to be lost.
1939	The Good Old Days	Roy William Neill	Max Miller, Hal Walters, Kathleen Gibson	On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films	[90]
	Secreto de confesión			Lost during the bombing of Manila during World War II

1940s

Year	Film	Director	Cast	Notes	Ref
1940	Harta Berdarah	R Hu, Rd Ariffien	Zonder, Soelastri	Indonesian action film. Screened until at least July 1944	[91]
	Kedok Ketawa	Jo An Djan	Fatimah, Basoeki Resobowo, Oedjang	Union Films' first production. Screened until at least August 1944	[91]
1941	Asmara Moerni	Rd Ariffien	Adnan Kapau Gani, Djoewariah, S. Joesoef	Indonesian romance film. Screened until at least November 1945	[91]
	Bajar dengan Djiwa	R Hu	A Bakar, Djoewariah, O Parma, Oedjang, RS Fatimah, Soelastri, Zonder	Indonesian drama film. Screened until at least October 1943	[91]
	Soeara Berbisa	R Hu	Raden Soekarno, Ratna Djoewita, Oedjang, Soehaena	Screened until at least February 1949, longer than any other Union Films production, and the only Union picture known to have been shown post-World War II	[91]
	Wanita dan Satria	Rd Ariffien	Djoewariah, Ratna Djoewita, Hidajat, Z. Algadrie, Moesa		[91]
1942	Brother Martin: Servant of Jesus	Spencer Williams
	Mega Mendoeng	Boen Kim Nam	Raden Soekarno, Oedjang, Boen Sofiati, Soehaena	Union Films' final production before the studio closed ahead of the impending Japanese occupation	[91]
1943	Squadron Leader X	Lance Comfort	Eric Portman, Ann Dvorak	On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films	[92]
1944	Red Sky at Morning	Hartney Arthur	Peter Finch, John Alden		[61]
1945	Flight from Folly	Herbert Mason	Patricia Kirkwood, Hugh Sinclair	Screen debut of stage star Kirkwood. On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films	[93]
1945	We Accuse	Joseph H. Zarovich	Everett Sloane, narr.	One of the first feature-length American Holocaust documentaries released after Liberation, with narration scripted by John Bright, screenwriter for The Public Enemy (1931) and She Done Him Wrong (1933)	[94]
1948	The Betrayal	Oscar Micheaux		The director's final production	[95]

1960s

Year	Film	Director	Cast	Notes	Ref
1960	Linda	Don Sharp	Carol White, Alan Rothwell	On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films	[96]
1960	Cranks at Work	Ken Russell		English. Russell's short 35mm film about the choreographer John Cranko	[97] A small extract of the film exists as part of 'News Extra', BBC, 29/04/1960, as confirmed via enquiries to the BBC by Ray Langstone.
1963	Andy Warhol Films: Jack Smith Filming Normal Love	Andy Warhol	Jack Smith	This home movie, which may have been Warhol's first film, was seized by the New York City police in March 1964 and has since disappeared.	[98]
	Farewell Performance	Robert Tronson	David Kernan, Frederick Jaeger, Delphi Lawrence	On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films	[99]
1967	Batman Fights Dracula	Leody M. Diaz	Jing Abalos, Dante Rivero	A Filipino parody made without the permission of DC Comics, which owns the copyright for the character of Batman	[100]
	Israel: A Right to Live	John Schlesinger		Director Schlesinger shot this film for producer Harry Saltzman. Alan Rosenthal claims that "hours of film had been shot and edited, but nobody liked the result. Israel was too triumphant, too out of keeping with the changed mood. It had a few showings and then passed into oblivion." On the other hand, William J. Mann claims that Schlesinger never finished the documentary, "due to 'creative differences' with the BBC." Cinematographer Anthony B. Richmond claimed in 2011 that he has never been able to find a copy of the documentary.
1968	Las Noches del Hombre Lobo	René Govar	Paul Naschy	The second in a series of films featuring the character of Count Waldemar Daninsky, it was never publicly screened or seen by anyone, Naschy included. It is suspected by some to be a hoax.	[101]

1970s

Year	Film	Director	Cast	Notes	Ref
1972	Nobody Ordered Love	Robert Hartford-Davis	Ingrid Pitt, Tony Selby	All known prints believed destroyed upon the director's death at his request. On the BFI 75 Most Wanted list of lost films	[102]
1973	Romusha	Herman Nagara	Rofi'ie Prabancana, A. Hamid Arief	This film about Japanese war crimes in occupied Indonesia was destroyed just before its release by the period regime, following a protest from the Japanese embassy.	[103]
1973	Prem Parbat	Ved Rahi	Satish Kaul, Hema Malini	According to the film's director, the print of the film has long since degraded to the point of being unusable.	[104]
1974	Him	Ed D. Louie	Tava	Pornographic film about the life of Jesus Christ, previously believed to be a hoax	[105]

See also

• Bezhin Meadow, an unfinished Soviet film directed by Sergei Eisenstein. The reels were destroyed during a World War II bombing raid in 1941.
• List of rediscovered films

References

1. "Vault and Nitrate Fires – A History". TCM.com. Archived from the original on June 15, 2009. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
2. Jo Botting. "Lost Then Found". British Film Institute (screenonline.org.uk). Retrieved February 21, 2013.
3. Robert A. Harris, public hearing statement to the National Film Preservation Board of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., February 1993.
4. "Group's rescue of old films preserves glimpse into past". The Film Foundation/The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
5. "Why". Deutsche Kinemathek. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
6. Ohlheiser, Abby (December 4, 2013). "Most of America's Silent Films Are Lost Forever". The Wire. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
7. Slide, Anthony (2000). Nitrate Won't Wait: History of Film Preservation in the United States. McFarland. p. 5. ISBN 978-0786408368. Retrieved March 25, 2013. It is often claimed that 75 percent of all American silent films are gone and 50 percent of all films made prior to 1950 are lost, but such figures, as archivists admit in private, were thought up on the spur of the moment, without statistical information to back them up.
8. "BFI Most Wanted". BFI. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
9. "Six Great Lost Movies". BBC. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
10. "Six Great Lost Movies". BBC. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
11. "Million Dollar Productions". mercurie.blogspot.com. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
12. "Arrivée d'un train (Arrival of a Train)". silentera.com. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
13. "L'arroseur". silentera.com. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
14. "Barque sortant du port de Trouville". silentera.com. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
15. "Bateau-mouche sur la Seine". silentera.com. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
16. "Bébé et fillettes". silentera.com. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
17. "Les blanchisseuses". silentera.com. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
18. "Bois de Boulogne". silentera.com. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
19. "Bois de Boulogne". silentera.com. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
20. "Boulevard des Italiens". silentera.com. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
21. "Campement de bohémiens". silentera.com. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
22. "Les chevaux de bois". silentera.com. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
23. "Le chiffonier (sic)". silentera.com. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
24. "Couronnement de la rosière". silentera.com. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
25. "Déchargement de bateaux". silentera.com. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
26. "Jardinier brûlant des herbes". silentera.com. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
27. "Jetée et Plage de Trouville (1st part)". silentera.com. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
28. "Jetée et Plage de Trouville (2nd part)". silentera.com. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
29. "Jour de marché à Trouville". silentera.com. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
30. The First Dutch Film: Gestoorde hengelaar Archived October 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, EYE Film Institute Netherlands
31. Spelende kinderen Archived October 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, EYE Film Institute Netherlands
32. Zwemplaats voor Jongelingen te Amsterdam Archived October 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, EYE Film Institute Netherlands
33. "Solser en Hesse, 1900". EYE Film Institute Netherlands. Archived from the original on October 28, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
34. "Hiawatha, The Messiah of the Ojibway". Canadian Film Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on April 13, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
35. "Solser en Hesse, 1906". EYE Film Institute Netherlands. Archived from the original on November 17, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
36. Uusitalo, Kari (1996). Suomen kansallisfilmografia, osa 1: 1907–1935 (The Finnish National Filmography, part 1: 1907-1935). Finnish National Audiovisual Archive, Suomen kansallinen audiovisuaalinen arkisto (Kava): Edita. ISBN 978-9513719012.
37. Swartz, Mark Evan (2002). Oz Before the Rainbow: L. Frank Baum's the Wonderful Wizard of Oz on Stage and Screen to 1939. JHU Press. p. 162. ISBN 9780801870927. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
38. "The Music Master". silentera.com. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
39. Duckett, Victoria (2015). "Performance and Silent Film". Seeing Sarah Bernhardt: Performance and Silent Film. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252081163. JSTOR 10.5406/j.ctt16ptnj1.
40. "Alias Jimmy Valentine". silentera.com.
41. "Lost Films: 4 Devils". Deutsche Kinemathek. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
42. "4 Devils". silentera.com.
43. "Heart Trouble". silentera.com. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
44. Neibaur, James L. (July 6, 2012). The Silent Films of Harry Langdon (1923-1928). Scarecrow Press. p. 205. ISBN 9780810885318. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
45. Barrios, Richard (1995). A Song in the Dark: The Birth of the Musical Film. Oxford University Press. pp. 453–454. ISBN 978-0195088113. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
46. "The Argyle Case". silentera.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
47. "The Aviator". silentera.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
48. "Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List". www.silentera.com. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
49. Pictorial History of the Talkies c.1958,1970 & 1980 and other years, by Daniel Blum
50. Greta de Groat (Electronic Media Cataloger at Stanford University Libraries). "Evidence". stanford.edu. Retrieved March 23, 2013.
51. Bradley, Edwin M. (2004). The First Hollywood Musicals: A Critical Filmography of 171 Features, 1927 Through 1932. McFarland. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-0-7864-2029-2.
52. "Frozen Justice". silentera.com. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
53. Koszarski, Richard (2008). Hollywood on the Hudson: Film and Television in New York from Griffith to Sarnoff. Rutgers University Press. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-813-54293-5.
54. The American Film Institute Catalog 1921-30, The American Film Institute, c. 1971
55. "IMDb trivia section for A Most Immoral Lady". IMDb. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
56. "The Films of Pauline Frederick". Greta de Groat, Metadata Librarian for Electronic and Visual Resources, Stanford University. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
57. "South Sea Rose". silentera.com.
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Works cited

• Heider, Karl G (1991). Indonesian Cinema: National Culture on Screen. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1367-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• List of lost silent era films at www.silentera.com
• Lost films database of Deutsche Kinemathek
• List of 7200 Lost American Silent Feature Films Database at the Library of Congress