List of common Chinese surnames

These are lists of the most common Chinese surnames in mainland China (People's Republic of China), Taiwan (Republic of China), and the Chinese diaspora overseas as provided by authoritative government or academic sources. Chinese names also form the basis for many common Vietnamese, Korean, and Japanese surnames and to an extent Filipino surnames in both translation and transliteration into those languages.

The conception of China as consisting of the "old 100 families" (Chinese: 老百姓; pinyin: Lǎo Bǎi Xìng; lit.: 'Old Hundred Surnames') is an ancient and traditional one, the most notable tally being the Song-era Hundred Family Surnames (Chinese: 百家姓; pinyin: Bǎi Jiā Xìng). Even today, the number of surnames in China is a little over 4,000,[1] while the year 2000 US census found there are more than 6.2 million surnames altogether[2] and that there were 150,000 American surnames held by at least 100 people.[3]

The Chinese expression "Three Zhang Four Li" (simplified Chinese: 张三李四; traditional Chinese: 張三李四; pinyin: Zhāng Sān Lǐ Sì) is used to mean "anyone" or "everyone",[4] but the most common surnames are currently Wang in mainland China[5] and Chen in Taiwan.[6] A commonly cited factoid from the 1990 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records estimated that Zhang was the most common surname in the world,[7] but no comprehensive information from China was available at the time and more recent editions have not repeated the claim. However, Zhang Wei (张伟) is the most common full name in mainland China.[8]

The top five surnames in China – Wang, Li, Zhang, Liu, Chen – are also the top five surnames in the world, each with over 70-100 million worldwide.

China

This list of the 100 most common Chinese surnames derives from comprehensive surveys from 2018, 2007, and 1982. The first and second are derived from reports on the household registrations released by the Chinese Ministry of Public Security on 30 January 2019 and April 24, 2007 respectively.[9][5] The third is derived from the 1982 Chinese census whose zero hour was 00:00 on 1 July 1982. Although no list of surnames was published with the initial summaries, the State Post Bureau subsequently used the census data to release a series of commemorative stamps in honor of the then-most-common surnames in 2004.[10][11] Previous partial surveys proved less accurate, as many surnames are clustered regionally.

The summary of the 2007 survey revealed China had approximately 92,881,000 Wangs (7.25% of the population), 92,074,000 Lis (7.19%), and 87,502,000 Zhangs (6.83%).

A 2018 survey showed that Liu and Chen were the next most common in mainland China with more than 70 million each.[12]

These top five surnames--Wang, Li, Zhang, Liu, Chen--alone accounted for more people than Indonesia, the fourth most populous country in the world,[13] and their total number is around the population of the USA, the third most populous country in the world.

The next five--Yang, Huang, Zhao, Wu, and Zhou--were each shared by more than 20 million Chinese. Twelve more – Xu, Sun, Ma, Zhu, Hu, Guo, He, Gao, Lin, Luo, Zheng, and Liang – were each shared by more than 10 million.

All together, the top hundred surnames accounted for 84.77% of China's population.[5][14] By way of comparison, the 2000 census found the most common surname in the United States – Smith – had fewer than 2.4 million occurrences and made up only 0.84% of the general population. The top 100 surnames accounted for only 16.4% of the US population,[3] and reaching 89.8% of the US population required more than 150,000 surnames.[2]

Surname list

Romanizations
Rank Character Mandarin Cantonese Min Nan Hakka Gan Other Former Pronunciation[15]
2018 Trad. Simp. Pinyin Wade Jyutping HK Other POJ[lower-alpha 1] Other PFS Other GP Other Old Chinese[lower-alpha 2] Middle Chinese
1 王 Wáng Wang2 Wong4 Wong Vang Ông Bong

Heng

 Vòng Wong Uōng Wong Viet. Vương *‍ɢʷaŋ Hjwang
Kor. Wang (왕)
Phil. Ong, Wong, Wang, Heng
Jap. Ō
2 李 Lǐ Li3 Lei5 Lee
Li		 Ly Lí Lee Lí Lee Lî Lee Viet. Lý *‍C.rəʔ LiX
N. Kor. Ri (리),
S. Kor. Yi, Lee, Rhee (이)
Jap. Ri
Phil. Dy, Lee, Li, Dee, Sy
3 張 张 Zhāng Chang1 Zoeng1 Cheung Cheong
Chong		 Tiuⁿ (X, Q, K, T)
Tioⁿ (Z)		 Teo
Teoh
Tio		 Chông Chong Tong Cheong
Thong		 Viet. Trương *‍C.traŋ Trjang
Kor. Jang (장)
Jap. Chō
Phil. Tiu, Tiong, Chong
Ina. Sutiono, Tjong
4 劉 刘 Liú Liu2 Lau4 Lau Lao
Lou		 Lâu Lau
Low
Lao		 Liù Liew Liu Lew
Lieu		 Viet. Lưu *‍mə-ru Ljuw
Kor. Yu/Ryu (유/류)
Phil. Lao, Lew
Jap. Ryū
5 陳 陈 Chén Ch'en2 Can4 Chan Chun
Chean
Chin		 Tân Tan
Tang
Ting		 chhìn chin Thín Thin
Chin		 Viet. Trần *‍lrin Drin
Kor. Jin (진)
Phil. Tan, Chan, Tantoco, Tanteksi
Jap. Chin
6 楊 杨 Yáng Yang2 Joeng4 Yeung Yeong
Ieong
Young		 Iûⁿ (X, Q, K, T)
Iôⁿ (Z)		 Yeoh
Yeo
Yo
Nyo		 Yòng Yong
Yeong		 Iōng Yeong Viet. Dương *‍laŋ Yang
Kor. Yang (양)
Phil. Yu, Young, Yung, Yang, Yongco, Auyong, Awyoung, Yuchengco
Jap. Yō
7 黃 黄 Huáng Huang2 Wong4 Wong Wang
Vong		 N̂g (X, Q, K, T)
Ûiⁿ (Z)		 Ng
Ung
Ooi
Uy		 Vòng Wong
Bong		 Uōng Wong
Fong		 Viet. Hoàng/Huỳnh *‍N-kʷˤaŋ Hwang
Kor. Hwang (황)
Phil. Ng, Uy, Wee, Wong
Jap. Kō
8 趙 赵 Zhào Chao2 Ziu6 Chiu Chu
Chio
Jiu		 Tiō (X, Z, K, T)
Tiǒ (Q)		 Teo
Teoh		 Chhau Chau Thèu Cheu
Chew		 Viet. Triệu
Kor. Jo (조)
Phil. Tio, Chiu, Chio, Chu
Jap. Chō
9 吳 吴 Wú Wu2 Ng4 Ng Ung, Eng Gô͘
Ngô͘ (X, Q, K, T)		 Goh Ǹg Ng Ng Ng Viet. Ngô *‍ŋʷˤa Ngu
Kor. Oh (오)
Jap. Go
Phil. Go, Ngo, Goh, Wu, Gozon, Gozum, Cinco, Gochian, Gokongwei, Gosiengfiao
Misc. Woo
10 周 Zhōu Chou1 Zau1 Chow
Chau		 Jao,
Chau,

Chao

 Chiu Chew
Jew		 Chiû Chew
Chiew		 Tiu Chew
Cheu		 Viet. Chu, Châu *‍tiw Tsyuw
Kor. Ju (주)
Jap. Shū
Phil. Chiu, Jao, Chow
Misc. Joe
11 徐 Xú[18] Hsü2 Ceoi4 Tsui Choi
Chui
Tsua		 Chhî (X, Z, K, T)
Sîr (Q)		 Chee
Cher
Cheu
Swee
Ji
Jee		 Chhì Chi Chhié Chee
Chui		 Viet. Từ *‍sə.la Zjo
Kor. Seo (서)
Jap. Sho
Phil. Choi
Ina. Dharmadjie
Christiadjie
12 孫 孙 Sūn Sun1 Syun1 Suen Sun Sng (X, Q, K, T)
Sun (X, Q, K, T)
Suiⁿ (Z)		 Sng
Soon		 Sûn Sun Sun Suen Viet. Tôn *‍sˤun Swon
Kor. Son (손)
Jap. Son
Phil. Suan, Soon, Son
13 馬 马 Mǎ Ma3 Maa5 Ma Mah
Mar		 Má
Bé (K, T)		 Bey
Beh
Baey		 Mâ Ma Mâ Mâ Viet. Mã *‍mˤraʔ MaeX
Kor. Ma (마)
Phil. Ma/Mapua[19]
Jap. Ba
14 朱 Zhū Chu1 Zyu1 Chu Chue Chu Choo Chû Choo Tu Chu Viet. Châu *‍to Tsyu
Kor. Ju (주)
Jap. Shu
Phil. Chu
Can. Gee
Misc. Ju
15 胡 Hú Hu2 Wu4 Wu Woo,
Vu		 Ô͘ Oh
Ow
Aw		 Fù Foo Ū Wu
Foo		 Viet. Hồ *‍gˤa Hu
Kor. Ho (호)
Jap. Ko
Phil. Hu, Ho
16 郭 Guō Kuo1 Gwok3 Kwok Kuok Koeh (Z, K, T)
Keh (X)
Kerh (Q)		 Kueh
Koay
Quay
Kwek
Quek Kwik		 Kwok Kwok
Kok		 Kuok Kwok Viet. Quách *‍kʷˤak Kwak
Kor. Gwak (곽)
Jap. Kaku
Phil. Que, Cue, Quezon, Quison, Ker, Kho, Kwok, Kue
17 何 Hé Hê2
Ho2		 Ho4 Ho Hoe Hô Ho
Hor
Hou		 Hò Ho Hó Ho Viet. Hà *‍gˤaj Ha
Kor. Ha (하)
Phil. Ho
Jap. Ka
18 林 Lín Lin2 Lam4 Lam Lum Lîm Lim Lìm Lim Līm Līm Viet. Lâm *‍k.rəm Lim
Kor. Lim/Im/Rim
(임/림)
Phil. Lim
Jap. Rin/Hayashi
19 高 Gāo Kao1 Gou1 Ko Kou
Go		 Ko (X, Z, K, T)
Ko͘ (Q)		 Ko
Kor		 Kô
Kau		 Koo Kou Kou Viet. Cao *‍Cə.kˤaw Kaw
Kor. Go (고)
Jap. Kō
Phil. Caw, Co, Ko, Gao
20 羅 罗 Luó Lo2 Lo4 Lo Law
Loh, Lowe
Lor		 Lô Lo
Lor
Law		 Lò Law
Lo
Loh		 Lō Lō
Law		 Viet. La *‍rˤaj La
Kor. Na/La/Ra
(나/라)
Phil. Lo
Jap. Ra
21 鄭 郑 Zhèng Cheng4 Zeng6 Cheng Cheang
Chiang		 Tēⁿ (K)
Tīⁿ (X, T)
Tìⁿ (Q)
Tēeⁿ (Z)		 Tay
Teh		 Chhang Chang Thàng Viet. Trịnh
Kor. Jeong (정)
Jap. Tei
Phil. Ty, Tee, Cheng, Chiang
22 梁 Liáng Liang2 Loeng4 Leung Leong
Lang
Leng		 Niû (X, Q, K, T)
Niô͘ (Z)		 Neo Liòng Leong Liōng Viet. Lương *‍raŋ Ljang
Kor. Yang/Ryang (양/량)
Phil. Leong, Liong, Leung, Niu
Jap. Ryō
23 謝 谢 Xiè Hsieh4 Ze6 Tse Che Chiā (Z, K)
Siā (X, T)
Sià (Q)		 Chia
Cheah
Seah		 Tshia Cheah Chhià Viet. Tạ *‍sə-lak-s ZjaeH
Kor. Sa (사)
Jap. Sha
Can. Tsia
Phil. Sia, Saa, Sese, Chia, Tse
Misc. Shie
24 宋 Sòng Sung4 Sung3 Sung Sòng
Sàng (K, T)		 Song Sung Song
Soong		 Sūng Viet. Tống
Kor. Song (송)
Jap. Sō
Phil. Song, Songco, Soong, Sung
Misc. Soong
25 唐 Táng T'ang2 Tong4 Tong Tn̂g
Tông (X, Z, K, T)		 Tng
Tang		 Thòng Tong
Thong		 Thóng Viet. Đường *‍N-rˤaŋ Dang
Kor. Dang (당)
Phil. Teng
Jap. Tō
26 許 许 Xǔ[20] Hsü3 Heoi2 Hui Hoi Khó͘ Koh
Khoh
Ko		 Hí Hee Hé Viet. Hái, Hứa *‍qʰaʔ XjoX
Kor. Heo (허)
Jap. Kyo
Phil. Kho, Ko, Co, Kaw, Cojuangco
27 鄧 邓 Dèng Teng2 Dang6 Tang Theng Tēng (X, Z, K, T)
Tèng (Q)		 Teng Then Ten
Then		 Thèn Viet. Đặng
Kor. Deung (등)
Jap. Tō
Phil. Deang/Teng, Tengco, Tangco
28 韓 韩 Hán Han2 Hon4 Hon Hân Hang
Han		 Hòn Hon Hón Viet. Hàn *‍gˤar Han
Kor. Han (한)
Jap. Kan
Misc. Hang
29 馮 冯 Féng Feng2 Fung4 Fung Fong Pâng Pang Fùng
Phùng		 Foong Fūng Viet. Phùng *‍Cə.bəŋ Bjuwng
Kor. Pung (풍)
Jap. Hō
Phil. Fung, Pangco, Pang
30 曹 Cáo Ts'ao2 Cou4 Cho
Tso		 Chaw Chô (X, Z, K, T)
Chô͘ (Q)		 Chow Tshò
Tshàu		 Cho
Chaw		 Chhóu Viet. Tào *‍N-tsˤu Dzaw
Kor. Jo (조)
Jap. Sō
31 彭 Péng P'eng2 Pang4 Pang Banh Phêⁿ (K)
Phîⁿ (X, Q, T)
Phêeⁿ (Z)		 Peh
Phe		 Phàng Phang Pháng Viet. Bành *‍C.bˤraŋ Baeng
Kor. Paeng (팽)
Jap. Hō
Phil. Beng, Pang, Pangco
Khmer Pay
32 曾 Zēng Tseng1 Zang1 Tsang Chang
Dong		 Chan Chan Tsên Chen Chen Viet. Tăng *‍tsˤəŋ Tsong
Kor. Jeung (증)
Jap. Sō
Ina. Tjan
Phil. Chan, Chang
Misc. Tzeng
33 蕭 萧 Xiāo Hsiao1 Siu1 Siu
Shiu		 Sio Siau (X, Z, K, T)
Sio (X, Q, K, T)		 Seow
Siau
Siow		 Siâu Siew
Siaw		 Sieu Viet. Tiêu *‍sˤiw Sew
Kor. So (소)
Phil. Siao, Syaw, Shau, Shao, Shaw
Jap. Shō
34 田 Tián T'ien2 Tin4 Tin Chan Tiân Chan
Chang		 Thièn Thien
Then		 Thién Viet. Điền *‍lˤiŋ Den
Kor. Jeon (전)
Phil. Tian, Tien
Jap. Ten
35 董 Dǒng Tung3 Dung2 Tung Tong Táng
Tóng (Z)		 Tong Túng Tung Tûng Viet. Đổng
Kor. Dong (동)
Phil. Tong, Tung
Jap. Tō
36 潘 Pān P'an1 Pun1 Poon
Pun		 Pun Phoaⁿ Phua Phân Pan
Phan		 Phon Viet. Phan
Kor. Ban (반)
Jap. Han
Phil. Pua, Pan, Poon
37 袁 Yuán Yüan2 Jyun4 Yuen Wan Oân Wang Yèn Yen Iōn Viet. Viên *‍ɢʷan Hjwon
Kor. Won (원)
Jap. En
Phil. Yan
38 蔡 Cài Ts'ai4 Coi3 Choi Choy
Tsoi
Toy		 Chhoà Chua Chhai Chai
Choi		 Chhói Viet. Thái
Sái		 *‍s.r̥ˤat-s TshajH
Kor. Chae (채)
Jap. Sai
Can. Chai
Phil. Chua, Chuah, Cua, Choa, Choi, Chai, Tsai
Misc. Tsay
39 蔣 蒋 Jiǎng Chiang3 Zoeng2 Tseung Cheung Chiúⁿ (X, Q, K, T)
Chióⁿ (Z)		 Cheoh
Chioh		 Tsiòng Cheong Chiông Viet. Tưởng
Kor. Jang (장)
Jap. Shō
Phil. Chio, Chiu, Chung
40 余 Yú Yü2 Jyu4 Yu
Yue		 U
Yee		 Î (Z, K, T)
Û (X, K, T)
Îr (Q)		 Ee
Eu		 Yì Yee Uī Viet. Dư *‍la Yo
Kor. Yeo (여)
Jap. Yo
Ina. Ie, Iman, Oe
Phil. Yee, Yu
41 于 Yú Yü2 Jyu1 Yue U Î (Z)
Û (X)
U (Q, K, T)		 Yee Yî Yee Uī Viet. Vu *‍ɢʷa Hju
Kor. U (우)
Jap. U
42 杜 Dù Tu4 Dou6 To Do
Tou		 Tō͘ (X, Z, K, T)
Tǒ͘ (Q)		 Toh Thu To
Toh		 Thù Viet. Đỗ
Kor. Du (두)
Jap. To
Phil. To
43 葉 叶 Yè Yeh4 Jip6 Yip Ip
Yeap		 Ia̍p Yap Ya̍p Yap Iep Viet. Diệp *‍lap Yep
Kor. Seob/Yeop
(섭/엽)
Jap. Yō
Phil. Yap, Ip
Misc. Yee, Ee
44 程 Chéng Ch'eng2 Cing4 Ching Cheng Thiâⁿ (X, Q, K, T)
Thêeⁿ (Z)		 Thia Chhàng
Chhìn		 Chang
Chin		 Tháng Viet. Trình *‍C.lreŋ Drjeng
Kor. Jeong (정)
Jap. Tei
45 魏 Wèi Wei4 Ngai6 Ngai   Gūi (X, Z, K, T)
Gùi (Q)		 Ngwee
Ngui		 Ngui Ngui
Wee		 Ngùi Viet. Nguỵ
Ngụy		 *‍N-qʰuj Ngjw+j
Kor. Wi (위)
Jap. Gi
Phil. Wee
46 蘇 苏 Sū Su1 Sou1 So
 Sou So͘ Soh Sû Soo Su Viet. Tô *‍s.ŋˤa Su
Kor. So (소)
Jap. So
Phil. So, Solon
Misc. Soo
47 呂 吕 Lǚ Lü3 Leoi5 Lui Loi Lū (X, T)
Lī (Z, K)
Lǐr (Q)		 Lee
Leu
Ler
Loo		 Lî Lee Liê Viet. Lữ
Lã		 *‍raʔ LjoX
Kor. Yeo/Ryeo
(여/려)
Jap. Ryo
Phil. Lu, Loo, Luy
48 丁 Dīng Ting1 Ding1
Teng4		 Ting Ding
 Teng Teng Tén Ten Tiang Viet. Đinh *‍tˤeŋ Teng
Kor. Jeong (정)
Jap. Tei
Phil. Ting, Tin
49 任 Rén Jen4 Jam6 Yam Iam
Yum		 Jîm (Z, K)
Lîm (X, Q)
Līm (T)		 Jim Ngim Ngim
Yim		 Nìm Viet. Nhiệm
Nhậm		 *‍nəm-s NyimH
Kor. Im (임)
Jap. Jin
50 盧 卢 Lú Lu2 Lou4 Lo Lou Lô͘ Loh Lù Loo Lū Viet. Lư
Lô
Kor. No/Ro
(노/로)
Jap. Ro
51 姚 Yáo Yao2 Jiu4 Yiu Yeow
Io
Iu		 Iâu Yeo Yào Yow Iēu Yau Viet. Diêu
Kor. Yo (요)
Jap. Yō
Phil. Yao
52 沈 Shěn Shen3 Sam2 Shum
Sum
Sham		 Sam
Shum		 Sím Sim Shím
Sím		 Sim Sím Viet. Thẩm
Trầm		 *‍l̥əmʔ SyimX
Kor. Shim (심)
Jap. Shin
53 鍾 钟 Zhōng Chung1 Zung1 Chung Chong Chiong
Cheng (K, T)		 Cheng Chûng
Tsung		 Chong
Chung		 Tung Viet. Chung
Kor. Jong (종)
Jap. Shō
Phil. Chiong, Chong, Chung
54 姜 Jiāng Chiang1 Goeng1 Keung Geung
Keong		 Khiang (Z)
Khiong (X, K, T)
Khiuⁿ (Q)		 Kiang Kiông Keong Kiong Viet. Khương *‍C.qaŋ Kjang
Kor. Kang (강)
Jap. Kyō
55 崔 Cuī Ts'ui1 Ceoi1 Chui Choi Chhui Chui
Chwee		 Tshûi Chooi Chhoi Viet. Thôi *‍dzˤuj Dzwoj
Kor. Choi (최)
Jap. Sai
Misc. Tseui
56 譚 谭 Tán T'an2 Taam4 Tam Tom
Ham
Hom		 Thâm Tham Thàm Tham Thóm Viet. Đàm
Kor. Dam (담)
Jap. Tan
Phil. Tam
57 陸 陆 Lù Lu4 Luk6 Luk Lok Lio̍k Loke
Lek		 Liu̍k Luk Liuk Viet. Lục *‍ruk Ljuwk
Kor. Yuk/Ryuk
(육/륙)
Jap. Riku
Phil. Diokno
58 汪 Wāng Wang1 Wong1 Wong   Ong (X, Q, K, T)
Óng (Z)		 Wang Vong Wong Uong Viet. Uông *‍qʷˤaŋ 'Wang
Kor. Wang (왕)
Jap. Ō
Phil. Ong, Ang
59 范 Fàn Fan4 Faan6 Fan   Hoān (X, Z, K, T)
Hoǎn (Q)Hwan		 Huang
Hoan
Hwan		 Fam Fam
Hoan
Hwan		 Fàn Viet. Phạm *‍bomʔ BjomX
Kor. Beom (범)
Jap. Han
Phil. Juan, Hwan
60 廖 Liào Liao4 Liu6 Liu Lew
Leow
Liew
Lio		 Liāu (X, Z, K, T)
Liàu (Q)		 Leow
Liau
Liow		 Liau Liew
Liau		 Lièu Viet. Liêu
Liệu
Kor. Ryo (료)
Jap. Ryō
61 石 Shí Shih2 Sek6 Shek Sek
Seac
Seak		 Chio̍h Chioh
Cheoh		 Sha̍k
Sak		 Shak Sak Viet. Thạch *‍dak Dzyek
Kor. Seok (석)
Jap. Seki
62 金 Jīn Chin1 Gam1 Kam Gum Kim Kim Kîm Kim Kim Viet. Kim *‍kəm Kim
Kor. Kim (김)
Jap. Kin
63 韋 韦 Wéi Wei2 Wai4 Wai Vai Ûi (X, Q, K, T)
Úi (Z)		 Wee Vúi
Vì		 Wooi
Wee		 Uī Viet. Vi
Kor. Wi (위)
Jap. I
Phil. Wee, Uy
64 賈 贾 Jiǎ Chia3 Gaa2 Ka Ga  Ká (X, Q, K, T)
Kée (Z)		 Kia Ká Ka Kâ Viet. Giả *‍C.qˤ<r>aʔ-s KaeH
Kor. Ga (가)
Go (고)
Jap. Ka
65 夏 Xià Hsia2 Haa6 Ha   Hē (K, T)
Hā (X, K, T)
Hà (Q)
Hēe (Z)		 Hah
Hay		 Ha Ha Hà Viet. Hạ
Kor. Ha (하)
Jap. Ka
66 傅 Fù Fu4 Fu6 Fu
Foo		   Pò͘ Poh Fu Fu Fù Viet. Phó *‍pa-s PjuH
Kor. Bu (부)
Jap. Fu
Phil. Po
67 方 Fāng Fang1 Fong1 Fong   Hong (X, Q, K, T)
Png (X, Q, K, T)
Puiⁿ (Z)		 Pung Fông Fong Fong Viet. Phương *‍C.paŋ Pjang
Kor. Bang (방)
Jap. Hō
68 鄒 邹 Zōu Tsou1 Zau1 Chau
Chow		 Jao
Chau		 Chau (K, T)
Cho͘ (X, Z, K, T)
Cho (Q)
Che (Z)		 Chou
Choh		 Tsêu Chew
Chiew		 Chiu Viet. Châu
Kor. Chu (추)
Jap. Shū
Phil. Chou
69 熊 Xióng Hsiung2 Hung4 Hung Hong Hîm Him Yùng Yoong Hiūng Viet. Hùng
Kor. Ung (웅)
Jap. Yū
Phil. Hung
70 白 Bái Pai2 Baak6 Pak Bahk Pe̍h
Pe̍k (Z)		 Peh Pha̍k Pak
Phak		 Phak Viet. Bạch *‍bˤrak Baek
Kor. Baek (백)
Jap. Haku
Misc. Bo
71 孟 Mèng Meng4 Maang6 Mang   Bēng (X, Z, K, T)
Bèng (Q)		 Meng Men Mang Màng Viet. Mạnh *‍mˤraŋ-s MaengH
Kor. Maeng (맹)
Mang (망)
Jap. Mō
72 秦 Qín Ch'in2 Ceon4 Chun Tseun
Tseon
Chon		 Chîn Ching Tshìn Chin Chhín Viet. Tần *‍dzin Dzin
Kor. Jin (진)
Jap. Shin
Phil. Ching
73 邱 Qiū1 Ch'iu1 Jau1 Yau Iao
Iau		 Khu Khoo Khiû
Hiû		 Hew
Khew		 Khiu Viet. Khâu
Kor. Koo (구)
Jap. Kyū
Mal. Hew, Hiew
Chiew
Phil. Coo, Khoo
Misc. Chiou
74 侯 Hóu Hou2 Hau4 Hau Hao Hô͘ (X, Z)
Hâu (Q, K, T)
Kâu (X, Q, Z)		 Hoh
Hau		 Hèu Hew Héu Viet. Hầu
Kor. Hu
(후, 혜)
Jap. Kō
Phil. Caw, Ho
75 江 Jiāng Chiang1 Gong1 Kong   Kang Kang Kông Kong Kong Viet. Giang *‍kˤroŋ Kaewng
Kor. Gang (강)
Jap. Kō
Phil. Kang
Misc. Kiang
76 尹 Yǐn Yin3 Wan5 Wan   Ún (K, T)
Ín (X, Q, Z)		 Un
Eun
Eung		 Yún Yoon Ín Viet. Doãn *‍m-qurʔ YwinX
Kor. Yun (윤)
Jap. In
Phil. Unson
77 薛 Xuē Hsüeh1 Sit3 Sit   Sih Siet Set Siot Viet. Tiết
Kor. Seol (설)
Jap. Setsu
78 閻 阎 Yán Yen2 Jim4 Yim Im Giâm Ngiam Ngiàm Ngiam
Yam		 Iēm Viet. Diêm
Kor. Yeom (염)
Jap. En
79 雷 Léi Lei2 Leoi4 Lui Loi Lûi Lui Lùi Looi
Lui		 Lōi Viet. Lôi *‍C.rˤuj Lwoj
Kor. Roe (뢰)
Noe (뇌)
Jap. Rai
Phil. Lui, Luy
Hoisan Louie, Louis
80 龍 龙 Lóng Lung2 Lung4 Lung
Loong		 Long Lêng (K, T)
Liông		 Leng
Liong		 Liùng Loong Liūng Viet. Long
Kor. Yong/Ryong
(용/룡)
Rong (롱)
Nong (농)
Bang (방)
Jap. Ryō
Phil. Leong, Liong, Wee
81 黎 Lí Li2 Lai4 Lai   Lê Loy
Loi		 Lì
Lài		 Lee
Lai		 Lī Viet. Lê
Kor. Yeo/Ryeo
(여/려)
Jap. Rei
82 史 Shǐ Shih3 Si2 Sze Si Sú (X, Z, K, T)
Sái (X, Q)
Sír (Q)		 Ser
Seu
Sze		 Sṳ́ Soo
Sze		 Sî Viet. Sử
Kor. Sa (사)
Jap. Shi
Phil. Sze
83 陶 Táo T'ao2 Tou4 To
Tao		 Tow Tô (X, Z, K, T)
Tô͘ (Q)
Thô (Q)		 Tow Thàu
Thò		 Tao
Tow		 Thóu Viet. Đào
Kor. Do (도)
Jap. Tō
Phil. To
84 賀 贺 Hè Hê4
Ho4		 Ho6 Ho   Hō (X, Z, K, T)
Hò (Q)		 Hor Ho
Fo		 Ho Hò Viet. Hạ
Kor. Ha (하)
Jap. Ka
85 毛 Máo Mao2 Mou4 Mo Mou Mô͘ Mor Mô
Mâu		 Mo
Mao		 Mōu Viet. Mao
Kor. Mo (모)
Jap. Bō
86 段 Duàn Tuan4 Dyun6 Tuen Tun Toān (X, Z, K, T)
Toàn (Q)		 Tng
Teung		 Thon Ton
Thon		 Thòn Viet. Đoàn
Kor. Dan (단)
Jap. Dan
87 郝 Hǎo Hao3 Kok3 Kok   Hok Hak Khok   Hok Viet. Hác
Kor. Hak (학)
Jap. Kaku
88 顧 顾 Gù Ku4 Gu3 Ku Goo
Gu
Khoo		 Kò͘ Koh Ku Koo Kū Viet. Cố
Kor. Go (고)
Jap. Ko
Phil. Coo, Khoo, Gu
89 龔 龚 Gōng Kung1 Gung1 Kung Kwong Kéng (X, Q, K, T)
Kiong (Z)		 Kiûng Kong Kiung Viet. Cung
Kor. Gong (공)
Jap. Kyō
90 邵 Shào Shao4 Siu6 Siu
Shiu		 Shaw
Sio		 Siō (X, K, T)
Siāu (Z, K, T)
Siàu (Q)		 Seow
Sioh		 Shau
Sau		 Shao Sèu Viet. Thiệu
Kor. So (소)
Jap. Shō
Phil. Siao, Syaw, Shau, Shao, Shaw
91 覃 Tán / Qín T'an2 Taam4 Tam Thâm   Thàm   Thóm Viet. Tán *‍N-r[a]mʔ YemX
Kor. Dam (담)
Jap. Tan
Phil. Tam
92 武 Wǔ Wu3 Mou5 Mo Mou Bú Boo Vú Moo
Woo		 Mú Viet. Vũ
Võ		 *‍maʔ MjuX
Kor. Mu (무)
Jap. Bu
93 錢 钱 Qián Ch'ien2 Cin4 Chin Chee Chîⁿ Chee Tshièn Chen Chhién Viet. Tiền
Kor. Jeon (전)
Jap. Sen
Phil. Chi
94 戴 Dài Tai4 Daai3 Tai Tè (X, Z, K, T)
Tèr (Q)		 Tai Tai Tai Thài Viet. Đái
Đới		 *‍Cə.tˤək-s TojH
Kor. Dae (대)
Jap. Tai
Phil. Te
95 嚴 严 Yán Yen2 Jim4 Yim Im Giâm Ngiam Ngiàm Yam Ngiēm Viet. Nghiêm
Kor. Eom (엄)
Jap. Gen
Phil. Gan
96 莫 Mò Mo4 Mok6  Mok Bo̍h (K, T)
Bo̍k		 Mok Mo̍k Mok Mok Viet. Mạc *‍mˤak Mak
Kor. Mo (모)
Jap. Baku
97 孔 Kǒng K'ung3 Hung2 Hung Khóng Kong
Khong		 Khúng Koong
Khoong		 Khúng Viet. Khổng *‍kʰˤoŋʔ KhuwngX
Kor. Kong (공)
Jap. Kyō
Phil. Consunji, Kong, Hung
98 向 Xiàng Hsiang4 Hoeng3  Heung  Hiòng (X, Q, K, T)
Hiàng (Z)		 Hiang Hióng Hiòng Viet. Hưởng *‍qʰaŋ-s
*‍n̥aŋʔ-s		 XjangH
Kor. Hyang (향)
Jap. Kyō
99 常 Cháng Ch'ang2 Soeng4  Sheung Siông (X, Q, K, T)
Siâng (Z)		 Sioh
Seoh		 Sòng Song Sōng Viet. Thường *‍daŋ Dzyang
Kor. Sang (상)
Jap. Shō
Misc. Sōng, Thōng
100 湯 汤 Tāng T'ang1 Tong1  Tong Thng Tng
Teung		 Thông Thong
Tong		 Thong Viet. Thang *‍l̥ˤaŋ Thang
Jap.  Tō
Phil. Tang
萬 万 Wàn Wan4 Maan6 Man Meng  Bān (X, Z, K, T)
Bàn (Q)		 Buang Van Wan
Man		 Màn Viet. Vạn
Kor. Man (만)
Jap. Ban
Phil. Man
康 Kāng Kang1 Hong1  Hong Khng Kang
Khang		 Không Khong
Kong		 Khong Viet. Khang *‍k-l̥ˤaŋ Khang
Kor. Gang (강)
Jap. Kō
Phil. Kang
易 Yì I4 Yi6
Yik6 		 Yik    E̍k (X, Z, K, T)
Ia̍k (Q)		 Ek Yit   Iak Viet. Dịch *‍lek-s YeH
Kor. Yee (이)
Jap.  Eki, I
喬 乔 Qiáo Ch'iao2 Kiu4   Kiu Kiâu Keow
Kiao		 Khiàu Kiew
Khiew		 Khiéu Viet. Kiều *‍N-kaw Gjew
Kor. Kyo (교)
Jap. Kyō
賴 赖 Lài Lai4 Laai6 Lay Lai Lōa (X, Z, K, T)
Lòa (Q)		 Nai Lai Lài Lài Viet. Lại *‍rˤat-s LajH
Kor. Roe (뢰)
Noe (뇌)
Jap. Rai
文 Wén Wen2 Man4  Man Bûn Boon Vùn Voon Mūn Viet. Văn *‍mən Mjun
Kor. Moon (문)
Jap. Bun 
施 Shī Shih1 Si1  Si Xi Si
Soa		 Sy
Sua		 Sṳ̂ Sii´ Viet. Thí *‍l̥aj ɕiɛ
Kor. Si (시), I (이)
Jap. Shi, I 
Phil. Sy, See, Sze
洪 Hóng Hung2 Hung4  Hung Huhng Âng
Hông		 Ang
Hong		 Fùng Fung Viet. Hồng, Hòng *‍ɡloːŋ ɦuŋ
Kor. Hong (홍)
Jap. Kō 
Phil. Ang, Hong
辛 Xīn Hsin1 San1  San Sen Sîn Sin Sîn Xin´ Sîng Viet. Tân *‍s[I]n-s s[I]n
Kor. Shin (신)
Jap. Shin 
Phil. Sin, Sing, Singson
柯 Kē kʻo1 O1  O Ngo Koa, 

Kho

 Ko, 

Ker, 

Quah, 

Kwa

 Khô Ko´ Viet. Kha *‍*[k]ˁar ka
Kor. Ga (가)
Jap. Ka 
Phil. Cua, Kua, Kho, Ko, Co, Coson
莊 庄 Zhuāng Chuang1 Zong1  Tsong Chong, 

Jong

 Chng, 

Chong

 Cheng Chông Zong´ Viet. Trang, Đồ, Dưa, Chan, Chang *‍*[ts]raŋ tsrjang
Kor. Jang (장)
Jap. Shō, Sō, Chan
Phil. Cheng, Ching, Chung, Chong
Notes
  1. Pronunciations are based on the Xiamen (X), Zhangzhou (Z), Quanzhou (Q),[16] Kaohsiung (K) and Taipei (T) varieties.[17]
  2. See article Reconstruction of Old Chinese for more information
Other surveys
  • 2006 multi-year survey and study conducted by Yuan Yida, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences's Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, using a sample size of 296 million spread across 1,110 counties and cities and recording around 4,100 surnames.[21]
  • 1990: Ji Yuwen Publishing House, based on a sample size of 174,900.
  • 1987 study conducted by Yuan Yida with a sample size of 570,000.
  • 1977 study published by Li Dongming, a Chinese historian, as "Surname" (《姓》) in Dongfang Magazine.

400 character list

In 2013 the Fuxi Culture Research Association compiled a ranking of the 400 most common surnames.[22]

400 character list
400 most common surnames in China
RankName% of pop.No.（10,000's）Province with most
1王7.170%9520.00Henan
2李7.000%9340.00Henan
3张6.740%8960.00Henan
4刘5.100%6770.00Shandong
5陈4.610%6130.00Guangdong
6杨3.220%4270.00Sichuan
7黄2.450%3260.00Guangdong
8吴2.000%2680.00Guangdong
9赵2.000%2670.00Henan
10周1.900%2520.00Hunan
11徐1.450%1930.00Jiangsu
12孙1.380%1830.00Shandong
13马1.290%1720.00Henan
14朱1.280%1700.00Jiangsu
15胡1.160%1550.00Hubei
16林1.130%1510.00Guangdong
17郭1.130%1500.00Henan
18何1.060%1400.00Sichuan
19高1.000%1330.00Shandong
20罗0.950%1260.00Sichuan
21郑0.930%1240.00Guangdong
22梁0.850%1130.00Guangdong
23谢0.760%1010.00Guangdong
24宋0.700%932.00Shandong
25唐0.690%917.00Hunan
26许0.660%881.00Guangdong
27邓0.620%821.00Guangdong
28冯0.620%818.00Guangdong
29韩0.610%815.00Henan
30曹0.600%791.00Henan
31曾0.580%772.00Guangdong
32彭0.580%766.00Hunan
33萧0.560%739.00Hunan
34蔡0.530%701.00Guangdong
35潘0.520%687.00Guangdong
36田0.520%685.00Henan
37董0.510%677.00Shandong
38袁0.500%667.00Sichuan
39于0.480%642.00Shandong
40余0.480%633.00Hubei
41叶0.480%632.00Guangdong
42蒋0.480%632.00Sichuan
43杜0.470%619.00Henan
44苏0.460%606.00Guangdong
45魏0.450%603.00Henan
46程0.450%601.00Anhui
47吕0.450%596.00Shandong
48丁0.430%576.00Jiangsu
49沈0.410%550.00Jiangsu
50任0.410%547.00Henan
51姚0.400%538.00Jiangsu
52卢0.400%536.00Guangdong
53傅0.400%536.00Henan
54钟0.400%533.00Guangdong
55姜0.390%523.00Shandong
56崔0.380%509.00Shandong
57谭0.380%499.00Hunan
58廖0.370%487.00Guangdong
59范0.360%485.00Henan
60汪0.360%483.00Anhui
61陆0.360%480.00Guangxi
62金0.350%467.00Zhejiang
63石0.340%455.00Henan
64戴0.340%449.00Jiangsu
65贾0.330%439.00Henan
66韦0.320%430.00Guangxi
67夏0.320%426.00Jiangsu
68邱0.320%423.00Guangdong
69方0.310%413.00Anhui
70侯0.300%401.00Henan
71邹0.300%394.00Jiangxi
72熊0.290%384.00Jiangxi
73孟0.290%383.00Shandong
74秦0.290%379.00Henan
75白0.280%374.00Hebei
76江0.280%369.00Guangdong
77阎0.270%360.00Henan
78薛0.260%347.00Jiangsu
79尹0.260%346.00Hunan
80段0.240%320.00Henan
81雷0.240%319.00Sichuan
82黎0.220%288.00Guangdong
83史0.210%285.00Henan
84龙0.210%281.00Hunan
85陶0.210%274.00Anhui
86贺0.210%274.00Hunan
87顾0.200%272.00Jiangsu
88毛0.200%264.00Zhejiang
89郝0.200%264.00Hebei
90龚0.200%264.00Hunan
91邵0.200%262.00Shandong
92万0.190%254.00Jiangxi
93钱0.190%249.00Jiangsu
94严0.190%246.00Jiangsu
95赖0.180%240.00Guangdong
96覃0.180%240.00Guangxi
97洪0.180%240.00Taiwan
98武0.180%239.00Shanxi
99莫0.180%233.00Guangxi
100孔0.170%231.00Shandong
101汤0.170%227.00Jiangsu
102向0.170%226.00Hunan
103常0.160%218.00Henan
104温0.160%217.00Guangdong
105康0.160%211.00Hebei
106施0.150%206.00Jiangsu
107文0.150%204.00Sichuan
108牛0.150%202.00Henan
109樊0.150%200.00Henan
110葛0.150%195.00Jiangsu
111邢0.140%192.00Shandong
112安0.130%179.00Hebei
113齐0.130%176.00Hebei
114易0.130%175.00Hunan
115乔0.130%173.00Henan
116伍0.130%171.00Guangdong
117庞0.130%167.00Guangxi
118颜0.120%164.00Hunan
119倪0.120%163.00Jiangsu
120庄0.120%162.00Guangdong
121聂0.120%159.00Jiangxi
122章0.120%157.00Zhejiang
123鲁0.110%151.00Henan
124岳0.110%149.00Henan
125翟0.110%149.00Henan
126殷0.110%147.00Jiangsu
127詹0.110%147.00Guangdong
128申0.110%147.00Henan
129欧0.110%146.00Guangdong
130耿0.110%140.00Henan
131关0.100%137.00Guangdong
132兰0.100%134.00Sichuan
133焦0.100%133.00Henan
134俞0.100%132.00Zhejiang
135左0.100%131.00Henan
136柳0.100%129.00Hubei
137甘0.095%126.00Guangxi
138祝0.090%120.00Zhejiang
139包0.087%115.00Inner Mongolia
140宁0.083%110.00Guangxi
141尚0.082%109.00Henan
142符0.082%109.00Hainan
143舒0.082%109.00Hunan
144阮0.082%109.00Guangdong
145柯0.080%106.00Hubei
146纪0.080%106.00Shandong
147梅0.079%105.00Hubei
148童0.079%105.00Zhejiang
149凌0.078%103.00Guangdong
150毕0.078%103.00Shandong
151单0.076%101.00Jiangsu
152季0.076%101.00Jiangsu
153裴0.076%100.00Henan
154霍0.075%100.00Hebei
155涂0.075%100.00Jiangxi
156成0.075%100.00Jiangsu
157苗0.075%100.00Henan
158谷0.075%99.00Henan
159盛0.074%98.00Anhui
160曲0.074%98.00Shandong
161翁0.073%97.00Fujian
162冉0.073%97.00Chongqing
163骆0.073%96.00Guangdong
164蓝0.072%96.00Guangxi
165路0.072%95.00Henan
166游0.071%94.00Fujian
167辛0.070%92.00Shandong
168靳0.069%92.00Henan
169欧阳0.068%91.00Hunan
170管0.065%87.00Shandong
171柴0.065%86.00Henan
172蒙0.062%83.00Guangxi
173鲍0.062%82.00Anhui
174华0.061%82.00Jiangsu
175喻0.061%81.00Hunan
176祁0.061%80.00Jiangsu
177蒲0.056%75.00Sichuan
178房0.056%75.00Shandong
179滕0.055%74.00Shandong
180屈0.055%73.00Shaanxi
181饶0.055%73.00Jiangxi
182解0.053%71.00Shandong
183牟0.053%70.00Sichuan
184艾0.052%69.00Hubei
185尤0.052%68.00Jiangsu
186阳0.050%67.00Hunan
187时0.050%67.00Henan
188穆0.048%64.00Guizhou
189农0.047%62.00Guangxi
190司0.044%59.00Henan
191卓0.043%58.00Guangdong
192古0.043%58.00Guangdong
193吉0.043%58.00Jiangsu
194缪0.043%57.00Jiangsu
195简0.043%57.00Taiwan
196车0.043%57.00Shandong
197项0.043%57.00Zhejiang
198连0.043%57.00Fujian
199芦0.042%57.00Henan
200麦0.041%55.00Guangdong
201褚0.041%54.00Shandong
202娄0.040%53.00Henan
203窦0.040%53.00Shandong
204戚0.040%53.00Jiangsu
205岑0.039%52.00Guangxi
206景0.039%52.00Shanxi
207党0.039%52.00Shaanxi
208宫0.039%52.00Shandong
209费0.039%51.00Jiangsu
210卜0.038%51.00Jiangsu
211冷0.038%50.00Sichuan
212晏0.038%50.00Jiangxi
213席0.036%48.00Henan
214卫0.036%48.00Shanxi
215米0.035%46.00Hebei
216柏0.035%46.00Jiangsu
217宗0.034%45.00Jiangsu
218瞿0.033%44.00Hunan
219桂0.033%44.00Anhui
220全0.033%44.00Hunan
221佟0.033%43.00Liaoning
222应0.033%43.00Zhejiang
223臧0.032%43.00Shandong
224闵0.032%43.00Hubei
225苟0.032%43.00Sichuan
226邬0.032%42.00Zhejiang
227边0.032%42.00Hebei
228卞0.032%42.00Jiangsu
229姬0.032%42.00Henan
230师0.031%41.00Henan
231和0.031%41.00Yunnan
232仇0.030%40.00Jiangsu
233栾0.030%40.00Shandong
234隋0.030%40.00Shandong
235商0.030%39.00Shandong
236刁0.030%39.00Shandong
237沙0.030%39.00Jiangsu
238荣0.029%38.00Shandong
239巫0.029%38.00Guangdong
240寇0.029%38.00Henan
241桑0.028%37.00Shandong
242郎0.028%37.00Hebei
243甄0.027%36.00Hebei
244丛0.027%36.00Shandong
245仲0.027%35.00Jiangsu
246虞0.026%35.00Zhejiang
247敖0.026%35.00Guizhou
248巩0.026%34.00Shandong
249明0.026%34.00Hubei
250佘0.025%34.00Hunan
251池0.025%34.00Fujian
252查0.025%33.00Anhui
253麻0.025%33.00Zhejiang
254苑0.025%33.00Hebei
255迟0.024%32.00Shandong
256邝0.024%32.00Guangdong
257官0.023%31.00Guangdong
258封0.023%31.00Jiangsu
259谈0.023%31.00Jiangsu
260匡0.023%30.00Hunan
261鞠0.230%30.00Shandong
262惠0.022%29.80Shaanxi
263荆0.022%28.90Shandong
264乐0.022%28.80Jiangxi
265冀0.021%28.50Hebei
266郁0.021%28.50Jiangsu
267胥0.021%28.50Sichuan
268南0.021%27.70Shaanxi
269班0.021%27.30Guangxi
270储0.021%27.20Anhui
271原0.020%27.00Shanxi
272栗0.020%26.60Henan
273燕0.020%26.40Shandong
274楚0.020%26.30Henan
275鄢0.020%26.30Hubei
276劳0.019%25.90Guangxi
277谌0.019%24.80Hunan
278奚0.017%23.10Jiangsu
279皮0.017%22.90Hunan
280粟0.017%22.80Hunan
281冼0.017%22.80Guangdong
282蔺0.017%22.80Shandong
283楼0.017%22.80Zhejiang
284盘0.017%22.50Guangxi
285满0.016%21.90Shandong
286闻0.016%21.70Anhui
287位0.016%20.80Henan
289厉0.016%20.60Zhejiang
289伊0.016%20.60Shandong
290仝0.015%20.00Henan
291区0.015%19.90Guangdong
292郜0.015%19.80Henan
293海0.015%19.70Ningxia
294阚0.015%19.60Anhui
295花0.015%19.50Jiangsu
296权0.014%19.10Shaanxi
297强0.014%19.00Shaanxi
298帅0.014%19.00Sichuan
299屠0.014%18.90Zhejiang
300豆0.014%18.80Henan
301朴0.014%18.70Jilin
302盖0.014%18.60Shandong
303练0.014%18.50Guangdong
304廉0.014%18.40Henan
305禹0.014%18.20Henan
306井0.013%17.90Shandong
307祖0.013%17.70Hebei
308漆0.013%17.70Sichuan
309巴0.013%17.70Inner Mongolia
310丰0.013%17.60Shandong
311支0.013%17.30Jiangsu
312卿0.013%17.20Sichuan
313国0.013%17.10Shandong
314狄0.013%16.80Jiangsu
315平0.013%16.60Henan
316计0.012%16.50Anhui
317索0.012%16.50Henan
318宣0.012%16.40Zhejiang
319晋0.012%16.20Henan
320相0.012%16.20Shandong
321初0.012%15.90Shandong
322门0.012%15.90Shandong
323雲0.012%15.60Inner Mongolia
324容0.012%15.40Guangdong
325敬0.011%15.0Sichuan
326来0.011%14.80Zhejiang
327扈0.011%14.70Henan
328晁0.011%14.60Henan
329芮0.011%14.60Jiangsu
330都0.011%14.60Shandong
331普0.011%14.50Yunnan
332阙0.011%14.50Fujian
333浦0.011%14.40Jiangsu
334戈0.011%14.40Jiangsu
335伏0.011%14.30Sichuan
336鹿0.011%14.00Shandong
337薄0.011%14.00Shandong
338邸0.011%13.90Hebei
339雍0.010%13.90Sichuan
340辜0.010%13.80Sichuan
341羊0.010%13.60Hainan
342阿0.010%13.60Inner Mongolia
343乌0.010%13.50Inner Mongolia
344母0.010%13.50Sichuan
345裘0.010%13.40Zhejiang
346亓0.010%13.40Shandong
347修0.010%13.30Shandong
348邰0.010%13.00Guizhou
349赫0.010%12.80Liaoning
350杭0.010%12.80Jiangsu
351况0.0094%12.40Chongqing
352那0.0093%12.40Inner Mongolia
353宿0.0093%12.30Shandong
354鲜0.0092%12.20Sichuan
355印0.0091%12.10Jiangsu
356逯0.0091%12.10Shandong
357隆0.0090%12.00Hunan
358茹0.0090%11.90Henan
359诸0.0089%11.80Zhejiang
360战0.0088%11.70Shandong
361慕0.0086%11.50Gansu
362危0.0084%11.20Jiangxi
363玉0.0084%11.20Guangxi
364银0.0084%11.10Guangxi
365亢0.0083%11.00Henan
366嵇0.0082%10.90Jiangsu
367公0.0082%10.90Shandong
368哈0.0081%10.70Inner Mongolia
369湛0.0079%10.50Hunan
370宾0.0077%10.20Guangxi
371戎0.0076%10.10Jiangsu
372勾0.0076%10.10Sichuan
373茅0.0076%10.10Jiangsu
374利0.0076%10.00Guangdong
375於0.0074%9.90Jiangsu
376呼0.0074%9.80Inner Mongolia
377居0.0074%9.80Jiangsu
378揭0.0073%9.60Jiangxi
379干0.0072%9.60Zhejiang
380但0.0072%9.50Sichuan
381尉0.0071%9.50Shanxi
382冶0.0071%9.40Qinghai
383斯0.0070%9.30Inner Mongolia
384元0.0069%9.20Henan
385束0.0068%9.10Jiangsu
386檀0.0068%9.00Anhui
387衣0.0067%9.00Shandong
388信0.0067%8.90Shandong
389展0.0067%8.90Shandong
390阴0.0067%8.90Shanxi
391昝0.0066%8.70Sichuan
392智0.0065%8.70Henan
393幸0.0065%8.60Chongqing
394奉0.0064%8.50Hunan
395植0.0064%8.50Guangdong
396衡0.0063%8.40Jiangsu
397富0.0063%8.40Liaoning
398尧0.0060%8.00Jiangxi
399闭0.0060%8.00Guangxi
400由0.0060%8.00Shandong

Taiwan

See also: Naming customs of Taiwanese aborigines

According to a comprehensive survey of residential permits released by the Taiwanese Ministry of the Interior's Department of Population in 2016, Taiwan has only 1,503 surnames.[6] The top ten surnames in Taiwan accounted for 52.77% of the general population, and the top 100 accounted for 96.56%.

Rank Character Romanizations % of total pop.
Mandarin Min Nan Hakka Cantonese
2016 Trad. Simp. Wade Pinyin POJ Other PFS Other Jyutping HK Other
1 陳陈 Ch'en2 Chén Tân Tan Chin Thin Can4 Chan Chin 11.14%
2 林 Lin2 Lín Lîm Lim
Liem		 Lim Lim Lam4 Lam Lum 8.31%
3 黃黄 Huang2 Huáng Ng Eng
Ung
Uy
Wee		 Vòng Wong
Bong		 Wong4 Wong Wang
Vang		 6.05%
4 張张 Chang1 Zhāng Tiuⁿ Teo
Teoh
Thio
Tiew		 Chông Chong Zoeng1 Cheung Chong
Cheong		 5.27%
5 李 Li3 Lǐ Lí Lee
Dee		 Lí Lee Lei5 Lee
Li		 Lei
Ly		 5.13%
6 王 Wang2 Wáng Ông Heng
Bong		 Vòng Wong Wong4 Wong Vang 4.11%
7 吳吴 Wu2 Wú Gô
Ngô		 Goh
Gouw		 Ǹg Ng Ng4 Ng Ung
Eng		 4.04%
8 劉刘 Liu2 Liú Lâu Lao Liù Liew Lau4 Lau Lao 3.16%
9 蔡 Ts'ai4 Cài Chhoà Chua
Choa
Tjoa		 Chhai Chai
Choi		 Coi3 Choi Choy
Tsoi
Toy		 2.91%
10 楊杨 Yang2 Yáng Iûⁿ Eaw
Joe
Nyo
Yong		 Yòng Yong
Yeong		 Joeng4 Yeung Yeong
Ieong		 2.66%
11 許许 Hsü3 Xǔ Khó͘ Ko
Koh		 Hi Hee Heoi2 Hui Hoi
—
12 鄭郑 Cheng4 Zhèng Tīⁿ
Tēⁿ		 Teh Chhang Chang Zeng6 Cheng Cheang
Chiang
—
13 謝谢 Hsieh4 Xiè Siā Chiā
Seah		 Tshia Cheah Ze6 Tse Che
—
14 洪 Hung2 Hóng Hông Ang
Hong		 Fùng Fung Hung4 Hung Huhng
—
15 郭 Kuo1 Guō Koeh Kueh Kwok Kok Gwok3 Kwok Kuok
—
16 邱 Ch’iu1 Qiū Khu Khoo Hiû
Khiû		 Hew
Khew		 Jau1 Yau Iao
Iau
—
17 曾 Tseng1 Zēng Chan Tsên Chen Zang1 Tsang Chang
Dong
—
18 廖 Liao4 Liào Liāu Leow
Liow		 Liau Lieu Liu6 Liu Lew
Leow
Lio
—
19 賴赖 Lai4 Lài Lōa Nai Lài Laai6 Lay Lai
—
20 徐 Hsü Xú Chhî Chee
Jee
Ji		 Chhì Chi Ceoi4 Tsui Choi
Chui
Tsua
—
21 周 Chou1 Zhōu Chiu Chew Chiû Cher
Chiew		 Zau1 Chow
Chau		 Jao
Chao
—
22 葉叶 Yeh4 Yè Iap Yap Yap Jip6 Yip Ip
Yeap
—
23 蘇苏 Su1 Sū So Soh Sû Soo Sou1 So Sou
—
24 莊庄 Chuang1 Zhuāng Chong Cheng Chông Zong Zong1 Tsong Chong
Jong
—
25 呂吕 Lü3 Lǚ Lū
Lī		 Lee
Leu
Loo		 Lî Lee Leoi5 Lui Loi
—
26 江 Chiang1 Jiāng Kang Kông Kong Gong1 Kong
—
27 何 Hê2
Ho2		 Hé Hô Ho
Hou		 Hò Ho Ho4 Ho Hoe
—
28 蕭萧 Hsiao1 Xiāo Siau
Sio		 Seow
Siow		 Siâu Siaw
Siew		 Siu1 Siu
Shiu		 Sio
—
29 羅罗 Lo2 Luó Lô Lo
Law		 Lò Law
Lo
Loh		 Lo4 Lo Law
Loh
Lowe
Lor
—
30 高 Kao1 Gāo Ko Koh Kô
Kau		 Koo Gou1
 Ko Kou
Go
—
Other surveys
  • 1994–2011: The American researcher Chih-Hao Tsai has compiled unauthoritative annual surveys of the most common surnames on Taiwan[23] based on published lists of all successful applicants taking Taiwan's Joint College Entrance Exam.[24] The test was mandatory for college entrance until 2002 and is still quite common, with more than a hundred thousand successful applicants a year and a pass rate for all test takers between 60 and 90%.[24]

Philippines

Chinese Filipinos whose ancestors came to the Philippines from 1898 onward usually have single syllable Chinese surnames. On the other hand, most Chinese Filipinos whose ancestors came to the Philippines prior to 1898 usually have multiple syllable Chinese surnames such as Gokongwei, Ongpin, Pempengco, Yuchengco, Teehankee, and Yaptinchay among such others. These were originally full Chinese names which were transliterated in Spanish orthography and adopted as surnames.

There are also multiple syllable Chinese surnames that are Spanish transliterations of Hokkien words. Surnames like Tuazon (Eldest Grandson, 大孫), Dizon (Second Grandson, 二孫), Samson/Sanson (Third Grandson, 三孫), Sison (Fourth Grandson, 四孫), Gozon/Goson/Gozum (Fifth Grandson, 五孫), Lacson (Sixth Grandson, 六孫) are examples of transliterations of designations that use the Hokkien suffix -son (孫) used as surnames for some Chinese Filipinos who trace their ancestry from Chinese immigrants to the Philippines during the Spanish Colonial Period. The surname "Son/Sun" (孫) is listed in the classic Chinese text Hundred Family Surnames, perhaps shedding light on the Hokkien suffix -son used here as a surname alongside some sort of accompanying enumeration scheme.

Rank

(2020)[25][26]

 Name Character(s) Total Number

(2020)[25]

1 Tan 陳 123,290
2 Dizon 二孫 106,507
3 Lim 林 96,874
4 Samson 三孫 66,516
5 Sison 四孫 57,840
6 Chua 蔡 51,380
7 Uy 黃 47,832
8 Ong 王 39,649
9 Yap 葉 37,703
10 Go 吳 37,354
11 Tuazon 大孫 36,543
12 Cinco 新哥 29,718
13 Sy 李,施 28,038
14 Yu 楊,余 27,732
15 Sayson 世孫/西孫 26,833
16 Quiambao 鹹賺/欠賺 25,555
17 Chan 曾,陳 24,837
18 Cuizon 貴孫/歸孫 23,732
19 Ang 洪 23,341
20 Tecson 德孫 22,679

Canada

Statistics Canada has not released a list of common surnames for any of its recent censuses, but much of the Canadian Chinese population is clustered in Metro Vancouver and Greater Victoria in British Columbia and the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area and the Ottawa-Gatineau Area in Ontario, as well as in some emerging major clusters, such as the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor in Alberta, Montreal, and the Communauté métropolitaine de Québec (Quebec Community Metropolitan Area) in Quebec.

Ontario

A 2010 study by Baiju Shah & al data-mined the Registered Persons Database of Canadian health card recipients in the province of Ontario for a particularly Chinese-Canadian name list. Ignoring potentially non-Chinese spellings such as Lee (49,898 total),[27]:Table 1 they found that the most common Chinese names in Ontario were:[27]

Rank Name Total Number Character(s) Romanization
Trad. Simp.
1 Wong 34,567 王 Wáng, Wong
黃 黄 Huáng, Hwang, Wang, Whang, Wong
汪 Wāng, Wong
2 Chan 32,692 陳 陈 Chan, Chén
3 Li 27,608 李 Ly, Lee, Lei, Lǐ
黎 Lai, Ly, Lee, Lei, Lí
4 Chen 25,618 陳 陈 Chan, Chén
5 Wang 22,548 王 Wáng, Wong
汪 Wāng, Wong
6 Liu 18,784 劉 刘 Lau, Liew, Liú, Low
廖 Lau, Lew, Liào, Lieu, Liew, Liu
7 Zhang 18,003 張 张 Chang, Chong, Chung, Cheung, Teo, Zhāng, Zheung
8 Lam 15,910 林 Lam, Lín
藍 蓝 Lán
9 Leung 13,696 梁 Leung, Liáng
10 Ho 12,830 何 Hé, Ho
賀 贺 Hè, Ho

Indonesia
Main article: Chinese Indonesian surname

Nearly as large is the Chinese Indonesian community. The 2010 Indonesian census reported more than 2.8 million self-identified Chinese, or about 1% of the general population.[28] Just as in Thailand, though, previous legislation (in this case, 127/U/Kep/12/1966) had banned ethnic Chinese surnames throughout the country. This law was abolished after the removal of Suharto, but Chinese Indonesian names remain a mix of Indonesian, pinyin, peh-oe-ji, and Dutch-spelled Hokkien.

Malaysia

During the 2010 Malaysian Census, approximately 6,960,000 Malaysians of Chinese race.[29] Chinese is the second largest race in Malaysia, after the Malays.

Singapore
Chinese Singaporean surnames by frequency:

Ethnic Chinese make up almost three-fourths (2009) of Singapore's resident population of nearly four million (2011).

According to Statistics Singapore, as of the year 2000, the most common Chinese Singaporean names were:[30]

Rank Name Origin Total Number
(2000)		 %
(Chinese population)		 Character(s) Pinyin Other Forms Notes
Trad. Simp.
1 Tan Hokkien
Teochew
Hainanese		 237,800 9.5 陳 陈 Chén Chan for Cantonese , Chin for Hakka
2 Lim Hokkien
Teochew
Hainanese
Hakka		 166,000 6.6 林 Lín
3 Lee Hokkien
Teochew
Cantonese
Hainanese
Hakka		 112,600 4.5 李 Lǐ
4 Ng Hokkien
Teochew		 106,200 4.2 黃 黄 Huáng
Hakka
Cantonese		 吳 吴 Wú
伍 Wǔ
5 Ong Hokkien 66,700 2.7 王 Wáng
汪 Wāng
6 Wong Cantonese
Hainanese
Hakka		 65,000 2.6 王 Wáng
汪 Wāng
黃 黄 Huáng
7 Goh Hokkien
Teochew		 56,200 2.2 吳 吴 Wú
8 Chua Hokkien
Teochew		 54,600 2.2 蔡 Cài
9 Chan Cantonese
Hokkien
Teochew		 48,400 1.9 陳 陈 Chén
曾 Zēng
10 Koh Hokkien
Teochew		 48,100 1.9 許 许 Xǔ
11 Teo Hokkien
Teochew		 46,800 1.9 張 张 Zhāng
12 Ang Hokkien
Teochew		 43,600 1.7 洪 Hóng
13 Yeo Hokkien
Teochew		 36,600 1.5 楊 杨 Yáng
14 Tay Hokkien
Teochew		 35,800 1.4 鄭 郑 Zhèng
15 Ho Hokkien
Teochew
Cantonese
Hakka
Hainanese		 35,000 1.4 何 Hé
16 Low Teochew
Hokkien		 31,600 1.3 劉 刘 Liú
17 Toh Teochew
Hokkien		 25,300 1.0 杜 Dù
卓 Zhuó
18 Sim Teochew
Hokkien		 23,800 0.9 沈 Shěn
19 Chong Hakka 23,100 0.9 莊 Zhuāng
張 张 Zhāng
20 Chia
 Hakka
Teochew
 22,600 0.9 謝 谢 Xiè
  • Do take note that the 7th most common surname in China, 趙/赵, is extremely rare in Singapore.
  • The surname list is not accurate, as the English surnames may actually have many variants not listed above. E.g. The 16th surname 'Low' can be 劉/刘, 廖,卢 or 羅/罗 in Chinese. The 1st surname Tan (陳/陈) is also a pinyin romanisation for the locally rare surname (谈/談) or (譚/谭).

Thailand
Main article: Thai name

The largest Chinese diaspora community in the world are the Chinese Thais (or Sino-Thais), who make up 12–14%[31][32] of the total Thai population. However, very few of the Chinese Thais have Chinese surnames, after the 1913 Surname Act that required the adoption of Thai surnames in order to enjoy Thai citizenship. Moreover, the same law requires that those possessing the same surname be related, meaning that immigrant Chinese may not adopt the surname of their clansmen unless they can show actual kinship.

United States

The 2010 US Census found 3,794,673 self-identified Chinese Americans and 230,382 self-identified Taiwanese Americans,[33] up from 2,734,841 Chinese Americans and 144,795 Taiwanese Americans in 2000.[34]

Although the Chinese make up the largest segment of the U.S. Asian and Pacific Islander population,[35] the most common Chinese-derived surname during the 2000 census was not itself Chinese but the Vietnamese Nguyễn (Chinese: 阮, Ruǎn).[3]

During the 2000 census, the 10 most common Chinese American names were:[36]

Rank Name Ethnicity
[37]		 Total Number
(2000 census; API only)		 Character(s) Pinyin
Among
API		 Across
All Names		 Trad. Simp.
2 24 Lee Chinese 229,200 李 Lǐ
Korean 黎 Lí
6 262 Chen Chinese 100,700 陳 陈 Chén
7 279 Wong Chinese
(Cantonese)		 88,000 王 Wáng
黃 黄 Huáng
汪 Wāng
9 399 Yang Chinese
(Mandarin)		 69,000 楊 杨 Yáng
10 440 Wang Chinese 63,800 王 Wáng
汪 Wāng
11 426 Chang Chinese 62,900 張 张 Zhāng
常 Cháng
12 461 Chan Chinese
(Cantonese)		 59,800 陳 陈 Chén
14 521 Li Chinese 55,700 李 Lǐ
黎 Lí
17 626 Lin Chinese 47,000 林 Lín
18 652 Liu Chinese 45,500 劉 刘 Liú
廖 Liào
Other surveys
  • 2002: study by Matthew Falkenstein, data-mining the 2000 US Census for a particularly Asian & Pacific Islander name list,[38] omitting those like Lee that are common among other ethnicities
  • 2000: study by Diane Lauderdale, et al., data-mining Social Security card applications by persons born abroad before 1941 for a particularly Chinese-American name list[37]
gollark: Top bit is author.
gollark: ```"You mean that a program designed to let an unprivileged usermount/unmount/eject anything he wants has a security flaw because it allowshim to mount/unmount/eject anything he wants? I'm shocked."Unfortunately, sarcasm does not make you right. Yes, this is a critical security flaw, because anyone with calibre installed on their system now allows any user to gain root privileges by mounting on top of important directories. Just because your application allows this by design rather than by mistake doesn't make this less of a problem.```
gollark: Er, has.
gollark: Didn't it make its own SUID disk mounting thing which had several major bugs?
gollark: Yes, that.

See also

References
  1. "我国汉族公民最长姓名达15字 公安部：起名不规范会有不便" [My Country's Han Citizens' Longest Name Reaches 15 Characters.]. Xinhua Net (in Chinese). 12 December 2007. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
  2. Word, David L. & al. "Demographic Aspects of Surnames from Census 2000" Archived 2010-10-13 at the Wayback Machine. 26 June 2001. Accessed 3 February 2012.
  3. United States Census Bureau. "Genealogy Data: Frequently Occurring Surnames from Census 2000" Archived 2009-12-21 at the Wayback Machine. 27 September 2011. Accessed 29 March 2012.
  4. Prest, Kevin. "X三Y四: Similar Chinese Idioms (Chengyu)" Archived 2014-07-20 at Wikiwix. 4 March 2011. Accessed 5 April 2012.
  5. "公安部统计：'王'成中国第一大姓 有9288万人" Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine [Public Security Bureau Statistics: 'Wang' Found China's #1 'Big Family', Includes 92.88m People]. 24 April 2007. Accessed 27 March 2012.(in Chinese)
  6. 全國姓名統計分析. Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C. (Taiwan). 2016. ISBN 9789860503043. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017.
  7. McFarlan, Donald. 1990 Guinness Book of World Records. Sterling Pub. Co., 2001. ISBN 189205101X.
  8. Beijing News. "一个“张伟”找到29万人" Archived 2007-09-14 at the Wayback Machine　[One Name 'Zhang Wei' Covers 290,000 People]. 26 July 2007. Accessed 16 March 2012. (in Chinese)
  9. "公安部发布去年全国姓名报告，"王、李、张"姓排前三". 30 January 2019.
  10. People's Daily Online. "China issues first set of stamps of Chinese family names" Archived 2012-02-29 at the Wayback Machine. 19 November 2004. Accessed 28 March 2012.
  11. 挑灯看剑 踏雪寻梅. "新'百家姓'图腾，快来看看您的尊姓啥模样" Archived 2012-04-01 at Wikiwix [The New Hundred Family Surnames's Totems: Quick, Come Look at Your Honorable Surname's Picture]. 12 December 2011. Accessed 28 March 2012. (in Chinese)
  12. "公安部发布去年全国姓名报告，"王、李、张"姓排前三" 公安部发布去年全国姓名报告，“王、李、张”姓排前三. 30 January 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  13. Badan Pusat Statistik. "Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010" Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine. 2009. Accessed 29 March 2012.
  14. Lafraniere, Sharon (21 April 2009). "Name Not on Our List? Change It, China Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017.
  15. Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. "Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction". Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. (1.93 MB). 2011. Accessed 17 March 2013.
  16. 周长楫; 王建设; 陈荣翰; 林美治; 郭锦标, eds. (2006). Minnan Fangyan Da Cidian (in Chinese) (1st ed.). Fuzhou City: Fujian People's Publishing House. ISBN 7-211-03896-9.
  17. Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan (in traditional Chinese). Ministry of Education, R.O.C. "臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典". Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2013.. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  18. Links to same page as 许
  19. historian, Al Raposas is a Filipino Christian; world, writer In his eagerness to write history for all the people around the; appearances, he began the Filipino Historian in 2012 Due to his; Philippines, invitations to various media stations in the; Facebook, he is becoming known as the nation's "youngest historian " Follow him on; Twitter; Copyright © 2012-2019, Instagram. "Catalogo alfabetico de apellidos: List of Chinese surnames". Filipino Historian. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
  20. Links to same page as 徐
  21. "人口数据统计". Archived from the original on 21 April 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  22. Yuan Yida (袁义达), Qiu Jiaru, 邱家儒. 中国四百大姓. Beijing Book Co. Inc., 1 January 2013
  23. Tsai, Chih-Hao. "Common Chinese Names" Archived 2014-10-18 at the Wayback Machine. 8 August 2011. Accessed 30 March 2012.
  24. Tsai, Chih-Hao. "A List of Chinese Names" Archived 2012-04-15 at the Wayback Machine. 8 August 2011. Accessed 30 March 2012.
  25. "Philippines Genealogical Resources". Forebears.
  26. "Philippines Genealogical Resources". Forebears. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016.
  27. Shah, B. R.; Chiu, M.; Amin, S.; Ramani, M.; Sadry, S.; Tu, J. V. (2010). "Surname lists to identify South Asian and Chinese ethnicity from secondary data in Ontario, Canada: A validation study". BMC Medical Research Methodology. 10: 42. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-10-42. PMC 2877682. PMID 20470433.
  28. Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Badan Pusat Statistik. 2011. ISBN 9789790644175. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  29. "Population and Housing Census, Malaysia 2010 (2010 Census)". Malaysia: Department of Statistics, Malaysia. 2010. Archived from the original on 24 August 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2011. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  30. Statistics Singapore. "Popular Chinese Surnames in Singapore".
  31. US State Department. "Background Note: Thailand". 3 January 2012. Accessed 4 April 2012.
  32. US Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook. "Thailand" Archived 2015-07-03 at the Wayback Machine. 20 March 2012. Accessed 4 April 2012.
  33. United States Census Bureau. "QT-P8" . Race Reporting for the Asian Population by Selected Categories: 2010 2010. Census Summary File 1. 2010. Accessed 3 April 2012.
  34. United States Census Bureau. "The Asian Population: 2000" Archived 2010-06-01 at the Wayback Machine. February 2002. Accessed 3 April 2012.
  35. United States Census Bureau. "Census 2000: Chinese Largest Asian Group in the United States" Archived 2017-01-18 at the Wayback Machine. 4 March 2002. Accessed 29 March 2012.
  36. Other popular Asian & Pacific Islander names are the Vietnamese names Nguyen (#1), Tran (#5), Le (#8), and Pham (#13); the Korean names Kim (#3) and Park (#15); and the Indian names Patel (#4) and Singh (#16).
  37. Lauderdale, Diane S.; et al. (2000). "Asian American ethnic identification by surname" (PDF). Population Research and Policy Review. 19 (3): 283–300. doi:10.1023/A:1026582308352. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2013..
  38. Falkenstein, Matthew R. "The Asian & Pacific Islander surname list: as developed from Census 2000" Archived 2013-03-07 at the Wayback Machine. Joint Statistical Meetings 2002. (New York), 2002.

Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage, hosted at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. (~700 surnames)

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