List of Israelis

Israelis (Hebrew: ישראלים‎ Yiśraʾelim, Arabic: الإسرائيليين‎ al-ʾIsrāʾīliyyin) are the citizens or permanent residents of the State of Israel, a multiethnic state populated by people of different ethnic backgrounds. The largest ethnic groups in Israel are Jews (75%), followed by Arabs (20%) and other minorities (5%).[1]

Flag of Israel ( דגל ישראל )

Location of Israel

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Lists of Israelis
By ethnicity
Israeli Jews:
Ashkenazi Jews Ethiopian Jews Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews
Arab citizens of Israel:
Arab Muslims · Druze · Arab Christians
Various:
Circassians
By descent
Afghan  · Algerian  · American  · Argentine  · Armenian  · Australian  · Austrian
Belarusian  · Belgian  · Bosnian  · Brazilian  · British  · Bulgarian
Canadian  · Chilean  · Chinese  · Croatian  · Czech
Danish  · Dutch
Egyptian  · Estonian  · Ethiopian
Finnish  · French
Georgian  · German  · Greek  · Guatemalan
Hungarian
Indian  · Iranian  · Iraqi  · Irish  · Italian
Kazakhstani
Latvian  · Libyan  · Lithuanian
Mexican  · Moldovan  · Moroccan  · Nigerian
Polish
Romanian  · Russian
Serbian  · Slovak  · South African  · Sudanese  · Swedish  · Swiss  · Syrian
Tunisian  · Turkish
Ukrainian  · Uzbekistani
Yemeni
By place of residence

Academics

Archaeology

• Israel Finkelstein
• Amihai Mazar
• Benjamin Mazar
• Eilat Mazar
• Yigael Yadin

Biology and medicine

Nobel Prize winner Aaron Ciechanover

Nobel Prize winner Avram Hershko

Nobel Prize winner Ada Yonath

• Aaron Valero – Professor of Medicine, founder of Faculty of Medicine at the Technion, director of government hospital
• Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko – ubiquitin system; Lasker Award (2000), Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2004)
• Moshe Feldenkrais – invented Feldenkrais method used in movement therapy
• Hossam Haick – inventor of an electric nose for diagnosis of cancer[2]
• Israel Hanukoglu – structures of cytoskeletal keratins, NADP binding proteins, steroidogenic enzymes, Epithelial Sodium Channels (ENaC)
• Gavriel Iddan – inventor of capsule endoscopy
• Benjamin Kahn – marine biologist, defender of the Red Sea reef
• Alexander Levitzki – cancer research; Wolf Prize in Medicine (2005)
• Yadin Dudai – memory research
• Gideon Mer – scientist, malaria control
• Saul Merin – ophthalmologist, author of Inherited Eye Diseases
• Raphael Mechoulam – chemist, discoverer of tetrahydrocannabinol and anandamide
• Leo Sachs – blood cell research; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1980)
• Asya Rolls - psychoneuroimmunologist
• Michael Sela and Ruth Arnon – developed Copaxone; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1998)
• Rahel Straus (1880–1963) – German-Jewish medical doctor and feminist
• Joel Sussman – 3D structure of acetylcholinesterase, Elkeles Prize for Research in Medicine (2005)
• Meir Wilchek – affinity chromatography; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1987)
• Ada Yonath – structure of ribosome, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2009)
• Amotz Zahavi – Handicap Principle
• Abraham Zangen – psycholobiology

Computing and mathematics

Nobel Prize winner Robert Aumann

Shafi Goldwasser

Elon Lindenstrauss

• Ron Aharoni – mathematician
• Noga Alon – mathematician, computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2005)
• Shimshon Amitsur – mathematician ring theory abstract algebra
• Robert Aumann – mathematician game theory; Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2005)
• Amir Ban and Shay Bushinsky – programmers of Junior (chess)
• Yehoshua Bar-Hillel – machine translation
• Joseph Bernstein – mathematician
• Eli Biham – differential cryptanalysis
• Yair Censor – mathematician
• Aryeh Dvoretzky – mathematician, eighth president of the Weizmann Institute of Science
• Uriel Feige – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2001)
• Abraham Fraenkel – ZF set theory
• Hillel Furstenberg – mathematician; Wolf Prize in Mathematics (2006/7)
• Shafi Goldwasser – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (1993 and 2001)
• David Harel – computer science; Israel Prize (2004)
• Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv – LZW compression; IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal (2007 and 1995)
• Joram Lindenstrauss – mathematician Johnson–Lindenstrauss lemma
• Elon Lindenstrauss – mathematician
• Michel Loève – probabilist
• Joel Moses – MIT provost and writer of Macsyma
• Yoram Moses – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (1997)
• Judea Pearl – artificial intelligence, philosophy of action
• Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro – representation theory; Wolf Prize in Mathematics (1990)
• Amir Pnueli – temporal logic; Turing Award (1996)
• Michael O. Rabin – nondeterminism, primality testing; Turing Award (1976)
• Shmuel Safra – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2001)
• Nir Shavit – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2004)
• Adi Shamir – RSA encryption, differential cryptanalysis; Turing Award (2002)
• Saharon Shelah – logic; Wolf Prize in Mathematics (2001)
• Ehud Shapiro – Concurrent Prolog, DNA computing pioneer
• Moshe Y. Vardi – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2000)
• Avi Wigderson – randomized algorithms; Nevanlinna Prize (1994)
• Doron Zeilberger – combinatorics

Engineering

• David Faiman – solar engineer and director of the National Solar Energy Center
• Liviu Librescu – Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics at Virginia Tech, killed in the Virginia Tech massacre
• Hagit Messer Yaron – professor of electrical engineering
• Moshe Zakai – electrical engineering
• Jacob Ziv – electrical engineering

Humanities

• Aharon Dolgopolsky – linguist: Nostratic
• Moshe Goshen-Gottstein – Biblical scholar
• Elias Khoury – law
• Hans Jakob Polotsky – linguist
• Chaim Rabin – Biblical scholar
• Alice Shalvi – English literature, educator
• Gershon Shaked – Hebrew literature
• Shemaryahu Talmon – Biblical scholar
• Emanuel Tov – Biblical scholar
• Ghil'ad Zuckermann – linguist, revivalist

Philosophy

• Martin Buber
• Berl Katznelson
• Yeshayahu Leibowitz
• Avishai Margalit
• Joseph Raz
• Gershom Scholem

Physics and chemistry

Josef Imry

Nobel Prize winner Michael Levitt

Nobel Prize winner Dan Shechtman

Nobel Prize winner Arieh Warshel

• Yakir Aharonov – Aharonov–Bohm effect; Wolf Prize in Physics (1998)
• Amiram Barkai – biochemist
• Jacob Bekenstein – black hole thermodynamics; Wolf Prize in Physics (2012)
• David Deutsch – quantum computing pioneer; Paul Dirac Prize (1998)
• Joshua Jortner and Rafi Levine – molecular energy; Wolf Prize in Chemistry (1988)
• Josef Imry – physicist
• Aaron Katzir – physical chemistry
• Ephraim Katzir – immobilized enzymes; Japan Prize (1985) The fourth President of Israel List of Presidents of Israel
• Michael Levitt – Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2011)
• Zvi Lipkin – physicist
• Dan T. Major – professor of chemistry
• Boris Mavashev – seismologist
• Mordehai Milgrom – Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND)
• Yuval Ne'eman – the "Eightfold way"
• Asher Peres – quantum theory
• Giulio Racah – spectroscopy
• Nathan Rosen – EPR paradox
• Nathan Seiberg – string theory
• Dan Shechtman – quasicrystals; Wolf Prize in Physics (1999), Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2013)
• Igal Talmi – nuclear physics
• Reshef Tenne – discovered inorganic fullerenes and inorganic nanotubes
• Arieh Warshel – Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2013)
• Chaim Weizmann – acetone production
• Uri Banin – chemist

Social sciences

Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman

Ariel Rubinstein

• Yehuda Bauer – historian
• Daniel Elazar – political scientist
• Esther Farbstein – historian
• Haim Ginott – psychologist: child psychology
• Eliyahu Goldratt – business consultant: Theory of Constraints
• Louis Guttman – sociologist
• Michael Harris – scholar, academic leader
• Elhanan Helpman – economist: international trade
• Daniel Kahneman – behavioural scientist: prospect theory; Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2002)
• Smadar Lavie – anthropologist
• Benny Morris – historian
• Erich Neumann – analytical psychologist: development, consciousness
• Nurit Peled-Elhanan – educator
• Renee Rabinowitz – psychologist and lawyer
• Sheizaf Rafaeli – management, information, communication
• Anat Rafaeli – organisational behaviour
• Ariel Rubinstein – economist
• Moshe Sharon – historian
• Avi Shlaim – historian
• Amos Tversky – behavioral scientist: prospect theory with Daniel Kahneman
• Yuval Noah Harari - historian and author who wrote best selling book Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind

Activists

• Uri Avnery – peace activist, Gush Shalom
• Yael Dayan – writer, politician, activist
• Esther Eillam – feminist activist
• Uzi Even – gay rights activist
• Yehuda Glick – activist for Jewish rights at the Temple Mount
• Shula Keshet – Mizrahi feminist, activist and artist
• Uri Savir – peace negotiator, Peres Center for Peace
• Israel Shahak – political activist
• Natan Sharansky – Soviet-era human rights activist
• Ronny Edry and Michal Tamir – originators of the Israel-Loves-Iran peace movement and its offshoots

Architects

• Michael Arad
• Ram Karmi
• Richard Kauffmann
• David Kroyanker
• David Resnick
• Moshe Safdie
• Arieh Sharon

Athletes

Association Football

Yossi Benayoun

• Ryan Adeleye – Israeli-American defender (Hapoel Be'er Sheva)[3]
• Eyal Ben Ami – midfielder various clubs, national team [4]
• Yaniv Ben-Nissan – midfielder
• Dudu Aouate – goalkeeper (RCD Mallorca, national team)[5]
• Jonathan Assous – defensive midfielder (Hapoel Petah Tikva), of French origin[6]
• Gai Assulin – winger/attacking midfielder (Manchester City, national team)
• Pini Balili – striker (Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv, Israel national team)
• Yossi Benayoun – attacking midfielder, national team captain, Hapoel Be'er Sheva, Maccabi Haifa, Racing Santander, West Ham United, Liverpool, Chelsea
• Gil Cain – defender, Hapoel Azor
• David "Dedi" Ben Dayan – left defender (Hapoel Tel Aviv, national team)[7][8]
• Tal Ben Haim – center back/right back, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Bolton Wanderers, Chelsea, West Ham United[9]
• Eyal Berkovic – midfielder (national team), Maccabi Haifa, Southampton, West Ham United, Celtic, Manchester City, Portsmouth
• Daniel Brailovski – midfielder (Argentina, Uruguay, and Israel national teams)[10]
• Roberto Colautti – Argentian born-striker
• Tomer Chencinski – goaltender (Vaasan Palloseura)
• Avi Cohen – defender, Liverpool and national team
• Tamir Cohen – midfielder (Bolton Wanderers and national team)[11]
• Rami Gershon – centre back / left back
• Tvrtko Kale – Croatia/Israel, goalkeeper (Hapoel Haifa)[12]
• Yaniv Katan – forward/winger (Maccabi Haifa, national team)
• Eli Ohana – won UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and Bravo Award (most outstanding young player in Europe); national team; manager
• Haim Revivo – attacking/side midfielder (Israel national team), Maccabi Haifa, Celta de Vigo, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray
• Ronnie Rosenthal – left winger/striker (Israel national team), Maccabi Haifa, Liverpool, Tottenham, Watford[13]
• Ben Sahar – striker/winger (Hapoel Tel Aviv, national team)[14]
• Mordechai Spiegler – striker (Israel national team), manager
• Idan Tal – midfielder (Beitar Jerusalem FC and Israel national team)
• Toto Tammuz – Nigerian born-forward
• Nicolás Tauber – goalkeeper (Chacarita Juniors) of Argentine origin[15]
• Salim Tuama – soccer player playing for Hapoel Tel Aviv who has in the past played for Standard Liège, Maccabi Petah Tikva, Kayserispor, Larissa and the youth club Gadna Tel Aviv Yehuda.
• Yochanan Vollach – defender (Israel national team); current president of Maccabi Haifa
• Pini Zahavi – UK-based super-agent
• Itzik Zohar – attacking midfielder (Israel national team), Maccabi Jaffa, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Royal Antwerp, Beitar Jerusalem, Crystal Palace, Maccabi Haifa, Maccabi Herzliya, Maccabi Netanya, F.C. Ashdod, Hapoel Nazareth Illit

Basketball

Omri Casspi

Gal Mekel

• Miki Berkovich – Maccabi Tel Aviv
• David Blu – (formerly "Bluthenthal"), Euroleague 6' 7" forward (Maccabi Tel Aviv)[16]
• Tal Brody – Euroleague 6' 2" shooting guard, Maccabi Tel Aviv
• Tal Burstein – Maccabi Tel Aviv
• Omri Casspi – 6' 9" small forward, drafted in 1st round of 2009 NBA Draft (Golden State Warriors)[17]
• Tanhum Cohen-Mintz – 6' 8" center; 2x Euroleague All-Star
• Shay Doron – WNBA 5' 9" guard, University of Maryland (New York Liberty)[18]
• Lior Eliyahu – 6' 9" power forward, NBA draft 2006 (Orlando Magic; traded to Houston Rockets), but completed mandatory service in the Israel Defense Forces and played in the Euroleague (Maccabi Tel Aviv)
• Tamir Goodman – U.S. and Israel, 6' 3" shooting guard[19]
• Yotam Halperin – 6' 5" guard, drafted in 2006 NBA draft by Seattle SuperSonics (Olympiacos)
• T.J. Leaf – NBA basketball player[20]
• Gal Mekel – NBA basketball player
• Yehoshua Rozin – Israeli basketball coach
• Derrick Sharp – American-Israeli basketball player
• Amit Tamir – 6' 10" center/forward, University of California, PAOK Thessaloniki (Hapoel Jerusalem)[21][22]

Bodybuilding

• Alana Shipp – American/Israeli IFBB professional bodybuilder

Boxing

Yuri Foreman

• Salamo Arouch (The Ballet Dancer) – middleweight champion of Greece, lightweight, welterweight, middleweight. He survived the Holocaust by boxing (over 200 bouts) for the entertainment of Nazi officers in Auschwitz Concentration Camp. His story was portrayed in the 1989 film "Triumph of the Spirit"
• Sarah Avraham – kickboxer, 2014 Women's World Thai-Boxing Champion in 57–63 kilos (125–140 pounds)
• Hagar Finer – WIBF bantamweight champion[23]
• Yuri Foreman – U.S. middleweight and World Boxing Association super welterweight champion[24]
• Roman Greenberg – ("The Lion from Zion"), International Boxing Organization's Intercontinental heavyweight champion
• Pavlo Ishchenko – 2-time European Amateur Boxing Championships medalist, and European Games medalist
• Yulia Sachkov – world champion kickboxer

Fencing

Delila Hatuel

• Boaz Ellis (born 1981) – foil, 5-time Israeli champion
• Yuval Freilich (born 1995) – épée, 2019 European Epee Champion
• Lydia Hatoel-Zuckerman (born 1963) – foil, 6-time Israeli champion[25][26]
• Delila Hatuel (born 1980) – Olympic foil fencer
• Noam Mills (born 1986) – epee, junior female world champion, 4-time Israeli champion
• Ayelet Ohayon (born 1974) – foil, European champion
• Tomer Or (born 1978) – foil, junior world champion
• Andre Spitzer (1945–1972) – killed by terrorists[27]

Figure skating

Galit Chait and Sergei Sakhnovsky

• Alexei Beletski – ice dancer, Olympian[28]
• Oleksii Bychenko – figure skater, Olympian, European silver medallist 2016
• Galit Chait – ice dancer, World Championship bronze 2002
• Natalia Gudina – figure skater, Olympian[29]
• Tamar Katz – figure skater[30]
• Lionel Rumi – ice dancer
• Sergei Sakhnovsky – ice dancer, World Championship Bronze medal 2002
• Daniel Samohin – figure skater, Olympian, 2016 World Junior Champion
• Michael Shmerkin – figure skater[31]
• Alexandra Zaretski – ice dancer, Olympian[32]
• Roman Zaretski – ice dancer, Olympian[33]

Golf

Laetitia Beck

• Laetitia Beck – golfer

Gymnastics

Alex Shatilov

Veronika Vitenberg

• Artem Dolgopyat (born 1997) – artistic gymnast, (World silver)
• Alexander Shatilov – World bronze (artistic gymnast; floor exercise)[34]
• Veronika Vitenberg – rhythmic gymnast

Judo

Yarden Gerbi

Or Sasson

• Yael Arad – judoka (Olympic silver: 1992, European champion: 1993, world silver: 1993). First Israeli Olympic medalist; light-middleweight
• Yarden Gerbi – judoka (Olympic bronze: 2016)
• Andrian Kordon – European Championship bronze; heavyweight
• Daniela Krukower – Israel/Argentina judoka, World Champion (under 63 kg)[35]
• Yoel Razvozov – 2-time European Championship silver; lightweight
• Or Sasson – judoka (Olympic bronze: 2016)
• Oren Smadja – judoka (Olympic bronze: 1992; lightweight)
• Ehud Vaks – judoka (half-lightweight)[36]
• Gal Yekutiel – European championship bronze
• Ariel Zeevi – judoka (European champion: 2000, 2003, 2004; Olympic bronze: 2004; 100 kg)

Motor racing

Alon Day

Roy Nissany

Chanoch Nissany and Eddie Jordan

• Alon Day – racing driver
• Chanoch Nissany – Formula One racing test-driver
• Roy Nissany – World Series Formula V8 3.5 racing driver

Sailing

Gal Fridman

Shahar Tzuberi

Oren Smadja

Ariel Ze'evi

• Zefania Carmel – yachtsman, world champion (420 class)[37]
• Gal Fridman – windsurfer (Olympic gold: 2004 (Israel's first gold medalist), bronze: 1996 (Mistral class); world champion: 2002)[38]
• Lee Korzits – windsurfer (two-time Olympian and four-time world champion)[39]
• Lydia Lazarov – yachting world champion (420 class)[37]
• Nimrod Mashiah – windsurfer; World Championship silver, ranked # 1 in world.
• Katy Spychakov – windsurfer; World Championship silver
• Shahar Tzuberi – windsurfer, Olympic bronze (RS:X discipline); 2009 & 2010 European Windsurf champion[40]

Swimming

• Vadim Alexeev – swimmer, breaststroke[41]
• Adi Bichman – 400-m and 800-m freestyle, 400-m medley[42]
• Yoav Bruck – 50-m freestyle and 100-m freestyle
• Anastasia Gorbenko (born 2003) – backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle
• Eran Groumi – 100 and 200 m backstroke, 100-m butterfly
• Michael "Miki" Halika – 200-m butterfly, 200- and 400-m individual medley
• Judith Haspel – (born "Judith Deutsch"), of Austrian origin, held every Austrian women's middle and long distance freestyle record in 1935; refused to represent Austria in 1936 Summer Olympics along with Ruth Langer and Lucie Goldner, protesting Hitler, stating, "We do not boycott Olympia, but Berlin".[43]
• Marc Hinawi – record holder in the European Games
• Amit Ivry – Maccabiah and Israeli records in Women's 100 m butterfly, Israeli record in Women's 200 m Individual Medley, bronze medal in 100 m butterfly at the European Swimming Championships.
• Dan Kutler – of U.S. origin; 100-m butterfly, 4×100-m medley relay[44]
• Keren Leibovitch – Paralympic swimmer, 4x-gold-medal-winner, 100-m backstroke, 50- and 100-m freestyle, 200-m individual medley
• Tal Stricker – 100- and 200-m breaststroke, 4×100-m medley relay[45]
• Eithan Urbach – backstroke swimmer, European championship silver and bronze; 100-m backstroke[46]

Table Tennis

• Marina Kravchenko – table tennis player, Soviet and Israel national teams[47]
• Angelica Rozeanu – (Adelstin), of Romanian origin, 17-time world table tennis champion, ITTFHoF

Track and field

• Alex Averbukh – pole vaulter (European champion: 2002, 2006)[48]
• Ayele Seteng – long distance runner, he was the oldest track and field athlete competing at the 2004 Olympics and 2008 Olympics.
• Danielle Frenkel – high jump champion
• Hanna Knyazyeva-Minenko – triple jumper and long jumper; participated in 2012 Summer Olympics
• Shaul Ladany – world-record-holding racewalker, Bergen-Belsen survivor, Munich Massacre survivor, Professor of Industrial Engineering
• Lonah Chemtai Salpeter – Kenyan-Israeli Olympic marathon runner
• Esther Roth-Shachamarov – track and field, hurdler and sprinter (5 Asian Game golds)

Tennis

Julia Glushko

Andy Ram and Jonathan Erlich

Shahar Pe'er

• Noam Behr[49]
• Ilana Berger[50]
• Gilad Bloom[51]
• Jonathan Erlich – 6 doubles titles, 6 doubles finals; won 2008 Australian Open Men's Doubles (w/Andy Ram), highest world doubles ranking # 5[52]
• Shlomo Glickstein – highest world singles ranking # 22, highest world doubles ranking # 28
• Julia Glushko[53]
• Amir Hadad
• Harel Levy – highest world singles ranking # 30
• Evgenia Linetskaya
• Amos Mansdorf – highest world singles ranking # 18
• Tzipora Obziler
• Noam Okun
• Yshai Oliel
• Shahar Pe'er – (3 WTA career titles), highest world singles ranking # 11, highest world doubles ranking # 14
• Shahar Perkiss
• Andy Ram – 6 doubles titles, 6 doubles finals, 1 mixed double title (won 2006 Wimbledon Mixed Doubles (w/Vera Zvonareva), 2007 French Open Mixed Doubles (w/Nathalie Dechy), 2008 Australian Open Men's Doubles (w/Jonathan Erlich), highest world doubles ranking # 5
• Eyal Ran[54]
• Dudi Sela – highest world singles ranking # 29
• Denis Shapovalov (born 1999) – Israeli-Canadian tennis player, born in Tel Aviv, highest world singles ranking # 29
• Anna Smashnova – (12 WTA career titles), highest world singles ranking # 15

Other

• 1972 Olympic team – see Munich Massacre
• David Mark Berger – weightlifter originally from US, Maccabiah champion (middleweight); killed in the Munich Massacre[55]
• Max Birbraer – ice hockey player drafted by NHL team (New Jersey Devils)[56]
• Nili Block (born 1995) – world champion kickboxer and Muay Thai fighter[57]
• Noam Dar – Israeli-born Scottish wrestler
• Oren Eizenman – ice hockey player, Israel national team; Connecticut Whale)
• Eli Elezra – professional poker player
• Boris Gelfand, Emil Sutovsky, Ilya Smirin – chess Grandmasters (~2700 peak ELO rating)
• Baruch Hagai – wheelchair athlete (multiple paralympic golds)
• Michael Kolganov – sprint canoer/kayak paddler, world champion, Olympic bronze 2000 (K-1 500-meter)
• Dean Kremer – Israeli-American baseball pitcher
• Ido Pariente – mixed martial artist
• Eliezer Sherbatov (born 1991) – Israeli-Canadian ice hockey player
• Chagai Zamir – Israel, 4-time Paralympic Games champion

See also: List of Israeli chess players

Chefs

• Yisrael Aharoni – chef and restaurateur
• Jamie Geller – American born-Israeli chef
• Erez Komarovsky – first artisanal bread baker in Israel
• Yotam Ottolenghi – Israeli-British chef

Entertainment

Artists

Sigalit Landau

• Yaacov Agam – kinetic artist
• Ron Arad – designer
• Mordecai Ardon – painter
• David Ascalon – sculptor and synagogue designer
• Maurice Ascalon – sculptor and industrial designer
• Isidor Ascheim – painter and printmaker
• Mordechai Avniel – painter and sculptor
• Yigal Azrouel – fashion designer
• Ralph Bakshi – animation (director)
• Eyal ben-Moshe (Eyal B) – animator and director
• Tuvia Beeri – printmaker
• Alexander Bogen – painter
• Rhea Carmi – painter
• Yitzhak Danziger – sculptor
• Alber Elbaz – fashion designer
• Ohad Elimelech – artist, director, editor, photographer, animator, lecturer, and graphic designer
• Osnat Elkabir – dancer, artist and theatre direction
• Yitzhak Frenkel – painter
• Gideon Gechtman – sculptor
• Moshe Gershuni – painter
• Dudu Geva – artist and comic-strip illustrator
• Pinhas Golan – sculptor
• Nachum Gutman – painter
• Israel Hershberg – realist painter
• Shimshon Holzman – painter
• Leo Kahn – painter
• Shemuel Katz – illustrator
• Uri Katzenstein – visual artist
• Dani Karavan – sculptor
• Joseph Kossonogi – painter
• Elyasaf Kowner – video artist
• Sigalit Landau – video, installation, sculpture
• Alex Levac – photographer
• Ranan Lurie – political cartoonist
• Lea Nikel – painter
• Zvi Malnovitzer – painter
• Tamara Musakhanova – sculptor and ceramist
• Mushail Mushailov – painter
• Ilana Raviv – painter
• Leo Roth – painter
• Reuven Rubin – painter
• Hagit Shahal – painter
• David Tartakover – graphic designer
• Anna Ticho – painter
• Igael Tumarkin – sculptor
• Yemima Ergas Vroman - painter, sculpter, installation artist
• Sergey Zagraevsky – painter
• Moshe Ziffer – sculptor

Film, TV, radio, and stage

Gal Gadot

Natalie Portman

• Hiam Abbas – actress
• Avital Abergel – film and TV actress
• Gila Almagor – actress
• Aviv Alush – actor
• Lior Ashkenazi – actor
• Yvan Attal – actor, director
• Mili Avital – actress
• Aki Avni – actor
• Orna Banai – actress
• Theodore Bikel – actor
• Eddie Carmel, born Oded Ha-Carmeili - actor, singer, and circus sideshow act
• Jason Danino-Holt – television presenter
• Ronit Elkabetz – actress
• David Faitelson – Mexican television sports commentator, born in Israel
• Oded Fehr – actor
• Eytan Fox – director
• Tal Friedman – actor, comedian
• Gal Gadot – actress and model
• Uri Geller – TV personality, self-proclaimed psychic
• Amos Gitai – director
• Yasmeen Godder – choreographer and dancer
• Arnon Goldfinger – director
• Yael Grobglas – actress
• Tzachi Halevy – actor
• Moshe Ivgi – actor
• Dana Ivgy – actress
• Michael Karpin – broadcast journalist and author
• Daphna Kastner – actress; married to actor Harvey Keitel
• Juliano Mer-Khamis – actor
• Hila Klein – YouTuber
• Amos Kollek – director, writer
• Dover Kosashvili – director
• Hanna Laslo – actress
• Daliah Lavi – actress
• Inbar Lavi – actress
• Jonah Lotan – actor
• Rod Lurie – director, film critic
• Gad Lerner – journalist (currently living in Italy)
• Arnon Milchan – producer
• Samuel Maoz – director
• Ohad Naharin – choreographer
• Eyal Podell – actor
• Orna Porat – actress
• Natalie Portman – actress
• Lior Raz – actor, screenwriter
• Ze'ev Revach – actor, comedian
• Agam Rodberg – actress
• Avner Strauss – musician
• Haim Saban – TV producer
• Elia Suleiman – director
• Alona Tal – actress
• Noa Tishby – actress, producer
• Chaim Topol – actor
• Yon Tumarkin – actor
• Raviv Ullman – actor
• Yaron London – TV interviewer
• Keren Yedaya – director
• Ayelet Zurer – actress
• Naor Zion – comedian, actor, director

Musicians

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Israeli musical artists.

Classical composers

Rami Bar-Niv

• Rami Bar-Niv
• Ofer Ben-Amots
• Paul Ben-Haim
• Avner Dorman
• Dror Elimelech
• Andre Hajdu
• Gilad Hochman
• Mark Kopytman
• Matti Kovler
• Betty Olivero
• Shulamit Ran
• Leon Schidlowsky
• Noam Sheriff
• Gil Shohat
• Josef Tal
• Yitzhak Yedid

Classical musicians

Itzhak Perlman

• Moshe Atzmon – conductor
• Daniel Barenboim – conductor and pianist
• Rami Bar-Niv – pianist and composer
• Bart Berman – pianist
• Gary Bertini – conductor
• Natan Brand – pianist
• Yefim Bronfman – pianist
• Giora Feidman – clarinetist
• Ivry Gitlis – violinist
• Matt Haimovitz – cellist
• Alice Herz-Sommer – pianist
• Ofra Harnoy – cellist
• Eliahu Inbal – conductor
• Sharon Kam – clarinetist
• Amir Katz – pianist
• Yoel Levi – conductor
• Mischa Maisky – cellist
• Shlomo Mintz – violinist
• Itzhak Perlman – violinist
• Inbal Segev – cellist
• Gil Shaham – violinist
• Hagai Shaham – violinist
• Michael Shani – conductor
• Edna Stern – pianist
• Yoav Talmi – conductor
• Arie Vardi – pianist
• Ilana Vered – pianist
• Pinchas Zukerman – violinist

Popular musicians

Etti Ankri

Shlomo Artzi

Eyal Golan

Ofra Haza

Pe'er Tasi

• Chava Alberstein – singer/songwriter
• Etti Ankri – singer/songwriter
• Yardena Arazi – singer and TV host
• Shlomo Artzi – singer/songwriter
• Ehud Banai – singer/songwriter
• Abatte Barihun – jazz saxophonist and composer
• Eef Barzelay – founder of Clem Snide
• Netta Barzilai – singer
• Miri Ben-Ari – jazz and hip hop violinist
• Mosh Ben-Ari – singer/songwriter
• Borgore – electronic dance music producer and DJ
• Mike Brant – French-language singer
• David Broza – singer/songwriter
• Matti Caspi – singer, multi-instrumentalist and composer
• Avishai Cohen – jazz bassist
• David D'Or – singer/songwriter
• Arkadi Duchin – singer/songwriter, musical producer
• Arik Einstein – singer, actor, writer
• Gad Elbaz – singer
• Ethnix – pop-rock band
• Rita Yahan-Farouz – singer, actress
• Uri Frost – rock guitarist, producer and director
• Aviv Geffen – singer/songwriter
• Eyal Golan – singer
• Gidi Gov – singer
• Dedi Graucher – Orthodox Jewish singer
• Shlomo Gronich – singer and composer
• Nadav Guedj – singer
• Sarit Hadad – Mizrahi singer
• Victoria Hanna – singer/songwriter
• Ofra Haza – singer
• Dana International – pop singer
• Ishtar – vocalist for Alabina
• Rami Kleinstein – singer/songwriter, composer
• Ehud Manor – songwriter and translator
• Amal Murkus – singer
• Infected Mushroom – musical duo
• Yael Naïm – solo singer/musician
• Ahinoam Nini (Noa) – singer
• Esther Ofarim – singer
• Yehuda Poliker – singer
• Ester Rada – singer
• Idan Raichel – Ethiopian and Israeli music
• Yoni Rechter – composer and arranger
• Berry Sakharof – singer
• Naomi Shemer – songwriter
• Gene Simmons (real name Chaim Weitz) – lead member of KISS
• Hillel Slovak – original guitarist for Red Hot Chili Peppers
• Pe'er Tasi – singer/songwriter
• Ninet Tayeb – pop rock singer and actress
• Hagit Yaso – singer
• Rika Zaraï – singer
• Nir Zidkyahu – drummer, briefly in Genesis
• Zino and Tommy – popular duo, songs in U.S. films

News anchors

• Yonit Levi
• Haim Yavin
• Miki Haimovich
• Ya'akov Eilon
• Yigal Ravid
• Ya'akov Ahimeir

Poets

Yehuda Amichai

• Nathan Alterman
• Yehuda Amichai
• Sivan Beskin
• Erez Biton
• Leah Goldberg
• Uri Zvi Greenberg
• Vaan Nguyen
• Dahlia Ravikovich
• Naomi Shemer – songwriter and lyricist
• Avraham Shlonsky
• Avraham Stern
• Abraham Sutzkever
• Yona Wallach
• Nathan Zach
• Zelda

Writers

Nobel Prize winner Shmuel Yosef Agnon

Etgar Keret

Amos Oz

• Shmuel Yosef Agnon (Shmuel Yosef Halevi Czaczkes) – author, Nobel Prize in Literature (1966)
• Aharon Appelfeld – Prix Médicis étranger (2004)
• Yoni Ben-Menachem – journalist
• Ron Ben-Yishai – journalist
• Nahum Benari – author and playwright
• Max Brod – author, composer and friend of Kafka
• Orly Castel-Bloom – author
• Yehonatan Geffen – author, poet and lyricist
• David Grossman – author
• Batya Gur – author
• Emile Habibi – author
• Amira Hass – journalist and author
• Sayed Kashua – author and journalist
• Shmuel Katz – author and journalist
• Etgar Keret – author
• Adi Keissar – poet
• Ephraim Kishon – satirist
• Hanoch Levin – playwright
• Julius Margolin – writer
• Aharon Megged – author
• Sami Michael – author
• Samir Naqqash – author
• Uri Orlev – author, Hans Christian Andersen Award (1996)
• Amos Oz (Amos Klausner) – author and journalist, Goethe Prize (2005)
• Ruchoma Shain – author
• Meir Shalev – author and journalist
• Zeruya Shalev – author
• Moshe Shamir – author, poet
• Mati Shemoelof – poet, editor and journalist
• Chaim Walder – Haredi children's writer
• A.B. Yehoshua – author
• Benny Ziffer – author, journalist and translator

Entrepreneurs

High-tech

Andi Gutmans

Yossi Vardi

• Beny Alagem – founder of Packard Bell
• Moshe Bar – founder of XenSource, Qumranet
• Safra Catz – president of Oracle
• Yossi Gross – recipient of almost 600 patents, founder of 27 medical technology companies in Israel and the Chief Technology Office officer of Rainbow Medical.
• Itzik Kotler – founder and CTO of SafeBreach, Information Security Specialist
• Daniel M. Lewin – founder of Akamai Technologies
• Shai Reshef – educational entrepreneur, founder and president of University of the People
• Bob Rosenschein – founder of GuruNet, Answers.com (Israeli-based)
• Gil Schwed – founder of Check Point
• Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans – founders of Zend Technologies (developers of PHP)
• Arik and Yossi Vardi, Yair Goldfinger, Sefi Vigiser and Amnon Amir – founders of Mirabilis (developers of ICQ)
• Zohar Zisapel – co-founder of the RAD Group
• Iftach Ian Amit – co-founder of BeeFence, prominent Hacker and Information Security Practitioner

Other

• Avi Arad and Isaac Perlmutter – owners of Marvel Comics
• Ted, Micky and Shari Arison – founder/owners of Carnival Corporation
• Yossi Dina – pawnbroker
• Dan Gertler – diamond tycoon
• Alec Gores – Israeli-American businessman and investor.
• Eli Hurvitz – head of Teva Pharmaceuticals
• Lev Leviev – diamond tycoon
• Mordecai Meirowitz – inventor of the Mastermind board game
• Dorrit Moussaieff – Israeli-British businesswoman, entrepreneur, philanthropist and the First Lady of Iceland
• Sammy Ofer – shipping magnate
• Guy Oseary – head of Maverick Records, manager of Madonna
• Beny Steinmetz – diamond tycoon
• Stef Wertheimer – industrialist

Fashion models

Bar Refaeli

Odeya Rush

• Neta Alchimister (female)
• Moran Atias (female)
• Sendi Bar (female)
• Nina Brosh (female)
• Esti Ginzburg (female)
• Becky Griffin (female)
• Shlomit Malka (female)
• Esti Mamo (female)
• Yael Markovich (female)
• Raz Meirman (male)
• Michael Lewis (male)
• Bar Paly (female)
• Rana Raslan (female)
• Bar Refaeli (female)
• Pnina Rosenblum (female)
• Odeya Rush (female)

Military

Moshe Dayan

Ilan Ramon

• Ron Arad – MIA navigator
• Gabi Ashkenazi – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Yohai Ben-Nun – sixth commander of the Israeli Navy
• Eli Cohen – spy
• Moshe Dayan – military leader
• Rafael Eitan – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Gadi Eizenkot – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• David Elazar – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Giora Epstein – combat pilot, modern-day "ace of aces"
• Hoshea Friedman – brigadier general in the IDF
• Uziel Gal – designer of the Uzi submachine gun
• Benny Gantz – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Dan Halutz – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Wolfgang Lotz – spy
• Tzvi Malkhin – Mossad agent, captured Adolf Eichmann
• Eli Marom, former commander of the Israeli Navy
• Yonatan Netanyahu – Sayeret Matkal commando, leader of Operation Entebbe
• Ilan Ramon – astronaut on Columbia flight STS-107
• Gilad Shalit – kidnapped soldier held in Gaza, released in 2011
• Avraham Stern – underground military leader
• Yoel Strick – general
• Israel Tal – general, father of Merkava tank
• Moshe Ya'alon – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Yigael Yadin – Chief of the IDF General Staff
• Amos Yarkoni – Bedouin-Israeli military officer

Politicians

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Israeli politicians.

Yair Lapid

Ayelet Shaked

• Ehud Barak – prime minister (1999–2001)
• Menachem Begin – prime minister (1977–83); Nobel Peace Prize (1978)
• Yossi Beilin – leader of the Meretz-Yachad party and peace negotiator
• David Ben-Gurion – first Prime Minister of Israel (1948–54, 1955–63)
• Yitzhak Ben-Zvi – first elected/second president President of Israel (1952–63)
• Naftali Bennett – leader of The Jewish Home party, minister of economy and minister of religious services (2013–present)
• Geula Cohen – politician, activist and "Israel Prize" recipient
• Abba Eban – diplomat and Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel (1966–74)
• Yuli-Yoel Edelstein – speaker of the Knesset
• Uzi Eilam – ex-director of Israel's Atomic Energy Commission
• Effie Eitam – former leader of the National Religious Party, now head of the Renewed Religious National Zionist party
• Levi Eshkol – prime minister (1963–69)
• Chaim Herzog – former president of Israel, first and only Irish-born Israeli President
• Moshe Katsav – president (2000–07), and convicted rapist
• Teddy Kollek – former mayor of Jerusalem
• Yair Lapid – leader of the Yesh Atid party, minister of finance (2013–March 2015)
• Yosef Lapid – former leader of the Shinui party
• Raleb Majadele – member of the Knesset for the Labor Party. Majadele became the country's first Muslim minister when appointed Minister without Portfolio on 28 January 2007.
• Golda Meir – prime minister (1969–74)
• Benjamin Netanyahu – prime minister (1996–99), (2009–); Likud party chairman
• Amir Ohana – first openly gay right-wing member of the Knesset
• Ehud Olmert – prime minister (2006–09); former mayor of Jerusalem
• Shimon Peres – President of Israel (2007–2014); prime minister (1984–86, 1995–96); Nobel Peace Prize (1994)
• Yitzhak Rabin – prime minister (1974–77, 1992–95); Nobel Peace Prize (1994) (assassinated November 1995)
• Josh Reinstein – director of the Knesset Christian Allies Caucus
• Reuven Rivlin – President of Israel
• Ayelet Shaked – Knesset member (2013–)
• Yitzhak Shamir – prime minister (1983–84, 1986–92)
• Yisrael Yeshayahu Sharabi – former speaker of the Knesset
• Moshe Sharett – prime minister (1954–55)
• Ariel Sharon – prime minister (2001–06)
• Chaim Weizmann – first President of Israel (1949–52)
• Rabbi Ovadia Yosef – spiritual leader of the Shas party
• Rehavam Zeevi – founder of the Moledet party (assassinated October 2001)

Criminals

• Yigal Amir – assassin of Yitzhak Rabin
• Baruch Goldstein – murderer
• Ami Popper – murderer
• Benny Sela – rapist
• Eden-Nathan Zada – murderer

Religious figures

Priests and Christian religious leaders

• Father Gabriel Naddaf – Greek Orthodox Church – priest and judge in religious courts. Spokesman for the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem. He is one of the founders of the Forum for recruiting Christians in the Israel Defense Forces.[58]
• Munib Younan – the elected president of the Lutheran World Federation since 2010 and the Evangelical Lutheran Church Bishop of Palestine and Jordan since 1998.
• Archbishop Theodosios (Hanna) of Sebastia – Bishop of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
• Elias Chacour – Archbishop of Akko, Haifa, Nazareth and Galilee of the Melkite Eastern Catholic Church.
• Riah Hanna Abu El-Assal – former Anglican Bishop in Jerusalem.

Haredi Rabbis

Avraham Yeshayeh Karelitz

Yissachar Dov Rokeach

• Yaakov Aryeh Alter Gerrer – Rebbe
• Shlomo Zalman Auerbach
• Yaakov Blau
• Yisroel Moshe Dushinsky – Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)
• Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky – Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)
• Yosef Sholom Eliashiv
• Mordechai Eliyahu – Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel 1983–93, (1929–2010)
• Chaim Kanievsky
• Avraham Yeshayeh Karelitz, Chazon Ish – (1878–1953)
• Nissim Karelitz – Head Justice of Rabbinical Court of Bnei Brak
• Meir Kessler – Chief Rabbi of Modi'in Illit
• Zundel Kroizer – author of Ohr Hachamah
• Dov Landau – rosh yeshiva of Slabodka yeshiva of Bnei Brak
• Yissachar Dov Rokeach – the fifth Belzer rebbe
• Yitzchok Scheiner – rosh yeshiva of Kamenitz yeshiva of Jerusalem
• Elazar Menachem Shach, Rav Shach – (1899–2001)
• Moshe Shmuel Shapira – rosh yeshiva of Beer Yaakov
• Dovid Shmidel – Chairman of Asra Kadisha
• Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld – Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)
• Yitzchok Tuvia Weiss – Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)
• Ovadia Yosef
• Amram Zaks – rosh yeshiva of the Slabodka yeshiva of Bnei Brak

Reform Rabbis

• Gilad Kariv

Religious-Zionist Rabbis

• Shlomo Amar – Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel
• David Hartman
• Avraham Yitzchak Kook – pre-state Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of the Land of Israel,[59] (1865–1935)
• Israel Meir Lau – Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Israel (1993–2003), Chief Rabbi of Netanya (1978–88), (1937–)
• Aharon Lichtenstein
• Yona Metzger – Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Israel
• Shlomo Riskin – Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Efrat

See also

• List of Israeli Nobel laureates
• List of Israel Prize recipients
• List of people by nationality
• Politics of Israel, List of Knesset members
• Culture of Israel, Music of Israel
• Science and technology in Israel
• List of Hebrew language authors, poets and playwrights
• List of Israeli Arab Muslims
• List of Dutch Israelis
• List of Israeli Druze
• List of notable Mizrahi Jews and Sephardi Jews in Israel
• List of notable Ashkenazi Jews in Israel
• List of notable Ethiopian Jews in Israel
• List of people from Jerusalem
• List of people from Haifa

References

1. "Statistical Abstract of Israel 2015".
2. "The World Salutes Four Israeli Scientists". Retrieved 2007-05-05.
3. Weinstein, Simcha (July 16, 2009). "New Jersey participants in Maccabiah Games". New Jersey Jewish News. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
4. "National team player's details: Ben Ami Eyal". The Israel Football Association. Archived from the original on September 21, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
5. Harush, Moshe (September 22, 2006). "Awat sparks storm with decision to play on Yom Kippur". Ha'aretz. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
6. Spunder, Or (January 24, 2008). הקשר ג'ונתן אסוס מועמד למכבי ת"א (in Hebrew). One.co.il. Retrieved January 28, 2008. קשרה היהודי/צרפתי של ראים מהליגה ה-2 בצרפת עשוי להגיע להתרשמות במכבי.
7. "Rapids take home inaugural Rocky Mountain Cup", Our Sports Central, October 13, 2005. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
8. Luke Cyphers. "The Space Between; Abbas Suan has given Israel hope for the World Cup-and for harmony between Arabs and Jews". ESPN The Magazine. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
9. "Avram Grant and Tal Ben-Haim set to miss West Ham game for Jewish holiday", The Telegraph, September 4, 2010. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
10. Guy Ben-Porat, Amir Ben-Porat (December 2004). "(Un)Bounded Soccer; Globalization and Localization of the Game in Israel". International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 39 (4): 421–36. doi:10.1177/1012690204049064.
11. Marc Iles (September 30, 2009). "Cohen the surprise package". The Bolton News. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
12. Bar Dayan, Shirley (July 18, 2006). קאלה טברטקו מגלה: "סבתא שלי יהודיה" (in Hebrew). Sport 5. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2008. אני אמנם נוצרי אבל סבתא שלי יהודיה, מהצד של אימא שלי
13. Dave Zirin, Chuck D (2007). Welcome to the Terrordome: the pain, politics, and promise of sports. Haymarket Books. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-931859-41-7. Retrieved December 24, 2010. Ronnie Rosenthal jewish.
14. Yates, David (September 22, 2007). "Team news from 22 Sep 2007". The Daily Mirror. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
15. Baram, Sagiv (June 13, 2007). המסורת היהודית (in Hebrew). Walla!. Retrieved June 30, 2008. כדורגלן יהודי עם רזומה יחסית מרשים שכן הגיע לישראל הוא ניקולס טאובר
16. "Jewish shooting star aims to make his mark in NBA... Bluthenthal's late mother was Jewish and his father is black—the family name Bluthenthal originated with a slave owner David Bluthenthal believes was German-Jewish."
17. Bloom, Nate (January 21, 2010). "Jews (and Mel) on the big screen, Winter sports roundup". Jweekly. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
18. "Doron Named Jewish Sports Review All-America; Doron continues to excel at the next level in the WNBA". University of Maryland Official Athletic Site. May 10, 2007. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
19. Martha Cheney (2000). Read & Understand Celebrating Diversity Grades 3–4. Evan-Moor. ISBN 1-55799-783-7. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
20. Marks, Jon (March 18, 2018). "Meet the NBA's Israeli-born rookie, a 6'10" forward named T.J. Leaf". The Times of Israel. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
21. Pennington, Bill (March 17, 2002). "College Basketball–Unrest Worries an Israeli at Cal". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
22. Popper, Nathaniel (June 11, 2004). "Hoop Dreams: Israeli High-scorer Shoots for the NBA". The Forward. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
23. Jeremy Fine (November 6, 2009). "Boxing Champ from Tel Aviv". The Great Rabbino. Archived from the original on June 10, 2010. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
24. Gray, Geoffrey (December 27, 2003). "Jewish Boxers Are Looking to Make a Comeback". The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
25. Marnie Winston-Macauley (2007). Yiddishe Mamas: The Truth About the Jewish Mother. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7407-6376-2. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
26. John Sugden, James Wallis (2007). Football for Peace?: The Challenges of Using Sport for Co-Existence in Israel. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. ISBN 978-1-84126-181-2. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
27. Leible Hershfield (1980). The Jewish athlete: a nostalgic view. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
28. Elfman, Lois (December 8, 2004). "Jewish Ice Skaters". The Jewish Ledger. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
29. David Pollack (February 8, 2002). "America's Hottest Jewish Olympic Hopefuls Are To Be Found on the Ice". The Forward. Archived from the original on December 9, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
30. "Israeli skates rings around Boston", Elise Kigner, The Jewish Advocate, June 11, 2010
31. Beverley Smith, Dan Diamond (1997). A Year in Figure Skating. McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 0-7710-2755-9. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
32. Bloom, Nate (February 16, 2006). "The Tribe goes to Torino: Sketches of Jewish Olympic-Bound Athletes". JWR. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
33. Lionel Gaffen and Joe Eskenazi (February 9, 2006). "Jewish athletes in the Olympics—then and now". j. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
34. Feferman, Bob (2009-07-13). "Maccabiah opens with fanfare in Ramat Gan – JPost – Sports". JPost. Retrieved 2011-08-02.
35. Wechsler, Bob (2008). Day by day in Jewish sports history – Google Books. ISBN 9781602800137. Retrieved 2011-08-02.
36. "Olympics Ban Wanted", Jewish Journal, August 19, 2004, accessed December 30, 2010
37. "Zephania Carmel & Lydia Lazarov". International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
38. "Jews in Sports: Sailing". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
39. "Haaretz ranks Israel’s top 10 athletes of all time" Haaretz.
40. "Dempsey misses windsurfing medal", BBC Sports, August 20, 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
41. "Pooling their Talent", Joel Gordin, The Jerusalem Post, July 2, 1993, Retrieved January 1, 2011
42. Griver, Simon (June 1999). "Sports in Israel". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
43. Litsky, Frank (1999-06-06). NYT Archives. The New York Times Company. New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/06/sports/ruth-langer-lawrence-77-who-boycotted-36-olympics.html. Retrieved 30 October 2018. Missing or empty |title= (help)
44. "American 'amphibious creature' dives right in", Heather Chait, The Jerusalem Post, October 8, 1995, Retrieved January 1, 2011
45. Viva Sarah Press (September 19, 2000). "Orbach falters in bid for medal". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
46. "Synchro team strength wows Cabinet members", USA Today, July 20, 1996, Retrieved January 1, 2011
47. "Jews in Sports: Table Tennis". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
48. "Jews in Sports: Track & Field". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
49. "Jews in Sports: Tennis". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
50. "Evert Fans Haven't Seen Player's Last Wave", Janet Graham, The Palm Beach Post, July 23, 1989. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
51. Morning Freiheit Association (1980). Jewish Currents. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
52. Blas, Howard (August 27, 2008). "x". The Jewish Ledger. Archived from the original on June 28, 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
53. "Israeli Immigrants Help Change View of Homeland". Juliaglushko.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
54. Mitchell Smith (2009). Baseballs, Basketballs and Matzah Balls: What Sports Can Teach Us about the Jewish Holidays... and Vice Versa. ISBN 978-1-4389-1744-3. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
55. Tom Farrey (September 5, 2002). "Keeping the torch lit". ESPN. Archived from the original on February 17, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2010.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
56. "Jews in Sports: Hockey". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
57. Viva Sarah Press (May 29, 2016). "Israeli fighter wins Muaythai World Championship". Israel21c. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
58. "Christians and Jews must recognize a common fate in the face of Middle Eastern Islamic threats". Religious Freedom Coalition. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
59. Even though the State of Israel did not yet exist at the time of his death, he is commonly referred to as the first Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of the State of Israel.

Related links

• Presidents of Israel
• Prime Ministers of Israel