List of Islamic muftiates

This is a growing List of Islamic muftis and territorial muftiates. The mufti is the official head of the muftiate. The Grand Mufti is the official head of a board of regional muftis.

Countries

Albanian muftiates

The Muslim Community of Albania[1]
Grand Muftiate Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Grand Muftiate of Albania
Grand Mufti Bujar Spahiu 2018–present Tirana
Grand Mufti Albania Grand Mufti Selim Muca 2004–2014 Tirana
Grand Muftiate of Albania Grand Mufti Hafiz Sabri Koçi 1991–2004 Tirana
Albanian muftiates Albanian Muftis Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Elbasan

Mufti Agim Duka

Elbasan

Muftiate of Kruja

Mufti Ledian Cikalleshi

Kruja

Muftiate of Shkodra

Mufti Muhamed Sytari

Shkoder

Muftiate of Dibra

Mufti Muis Kurtulla

Peshkopi

Muftiate of Devoll

Mufti Artur Vrenozi

Bilisht

Muftiate of Kavaja

Mufti Besnik Lecini

Kavaje

Muftiate of Mat

Mufti Valdrin Mera

Burrel

Muftiate of Mallakastra

Mufti Anis Qafa

Kucova

Muftiate of Delvina

Mufti Bledar Ali

Delvina

Muftiate of Saranda

Mufti Bledar Mullaj

Saranda

Muftiate of Skrapar

Mufti Jusuf Salkurti

Corovoda

Muftiate of Malesi e Madhe

Mufti Edmir Smajlaj

Koplik

Muftiate of Tropoja

Mufti Eduard Demiraj

Bajram Curri

Muftiate of Gjirokastra

Mufti Armand Asllani

Gjirokastra

Muftiate of Puka

Mufti Gëzim Kopani

Puka

Muftiate of Permet

Mufti Jemin Muça

Permet

Muftiate of Tirana

Mufti Ylli Gurra

Tirana

Muftiate of Lezha

Mufti Agim Tereziu

Lezha

Muftiate of Gramsh

Mufti Hasan Cekrezi

Gramsh

Muftiate of Vlora

Mufti Hito Shahaj

Vlora

Muftiate of Kukes

Mufti Islam Hoxha

Kukes

Muftiate of Peqin

Mufti Bilal Bodlli

Peqin

Muftiate of Fier

Mufti Karafil Manaj

Fier

Muftiate of Kucova

Mufti Kujtim Civeja

Kucova

Muftiate of Kolonja

Mufti Edmond Ceni

Erseka

Muftiate of Kurbin

Mufti Emiroj Vathaj

Laç

Muftiate of Berat

Mufti Murat Duro

Berat

Muftiate of Pogradec

Mufti Namik Mahmutllari

Pogradec

Muftiate of Korca

Mufti Qazim Muçi

Korca

Muftiate of Durres

Mufti Redin Quku

Durres

Muftiate of Has

Mufti Sadik Ukperaj

Has

Muftiate of Bulqiza

Mufti Sejdin Strazimiri

Bulqiza

Muftiate of Lushnja

Mufti Gramos Blliku

Lushnja

Muftiate of Librazhd

Mufti Taulant Bica

Librazhd

Belarusian muftiates

The Muslim Religious Community of the Republic of Belarus[2][3]
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Belarus Mufti Abu-Bekir Shabanovič 2005 – present Minsk
Mufti Ismail Mustafavič Aleksandrovič 1994–2005
The Muslim Spiritual Board of the Republic of Belarus[4]
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Muslim Spiritual Board of the Republic of Belarus Mufti Ali Varanovič 2011 – present Minsk
Mufti Ismail Varanovič 2002 –2011

Bosnian muftiates

The muftiates of Croatia, Sandžak, and Slovenia are under authority of the Grand Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina[5][6]
Grand Muftiate Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Grand Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina Grand Mufti Husein Kavazović[7] 2012 – present Sarajevo
Grand Mufti Mustafa Cerić[8] 1993–2012
Grand Mufti Jakub Selimoski 1990–1993
Grand Mufti Husein Mujić 1987–1989
Grand Mufti Naim Hadžiabdić 1975–1987
Grand Mufti Sulejman Kemura 1957–1975
Grand Mufti Ibrahim Fejić 1947–1957
Grand Mufti Salih Safvet Bašić 1942–1947
Grand Mufti Fehim Spaho 1938–1942
Grand Mufti Ibrahim Maglajlić 1930–1936
Grand Mufti Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević 1913–1930
Grand Mufti Sulejman Šarac 1910–1913
Grand Mufti Mehmed Teufik Azabagić 1893–1909
Grand Mufti Mustafa Hilmi Hadžiomerović 1882–1893
Bosnian muftiates Bosnian Muftis Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Banja Luka Mufti Ibrahim Halilović[9] 2004 – present Banja Luka
Mufti Edhem Čamdžić 1988–1998
Muftiate of Bihać Mufti Mehmed Sabit Ribić Bihać
Mufti Hasan Makić
Muftiate of Goražde Mufti Hamed Efendić Goražde
Muftiate of Mostar Mufti Seid Smajkić[10] Mostar
Muftiate of Sarajevo Mufti Husein Smajić Sarajevo
Muftiate of Travnik Mufti Nusret Abdibegović Travnik
Muftiate of Tuzla Mufti Husein Kavazović[11] 1993–2012 Tuzla
Mufti Mehmet Tevfik
Muftiate of Zenica Mufti Ejub Dautović Zenica
Military Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina Military Mufti Ismail Smajlović

Sarajevo

Mešihat of Croatia

The Mešihat of Croatia is under the authority of the Grand Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Islamic Community of Croatia
Mešihat of Croatia Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Mesihat of Croatia and Muftiate of Zagreb[12][13]

Mufti of Zagreb and Grand Mufti of Croatia Aziz Hasanović

2012–present

Zagreb

Mešihat of Sandžak

The Mešihat of Sandžak is under the authority of the Grand Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Islamic Community in Serbia[14]
Mesihat of Sandžak Grand Mufti of Sandžak Term of office Headquarters
Mešihat of Sandžak[15]

Chief Mufti Muamer Zukorlić

Novi Pazar

Sandžak muftiates Sandžak Muftis Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Belgrade

Mufti Rešad Plojović

Belgrade

Muftiate of Novi Sad

Mufti Fadil Murati


Mufti Rešad Plojović


Novi Sad

Muftiate of Preševo Valley

Mufti Mumin Tahiri

Preševo

Muftiate of Sandžak

Mufti Muamer Zukorlić

Sandžak

Mešihat of Slovenia

The Mešihat of Slovenia is under the authority of the Grand Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Islamic Community in Slovenia (ISRS)
Mešihat of Slovenia Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Mešihat of Slovenia[16]

Nedžad Grabus

2006–present

Ljubljana

Bulgarian muftiates

The Muslim Denomination of Bulgaria[17][18][19]
Grand Muftiate Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Chief Muftiate of Bulgaria Chief Mufti Mustafa Alish Hadji[20]

2008–present

Sofia

Bulgarian muftiates Bulgarian Muftis Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Aytos

Mufti Ibrahim Kiorpe

Aytos

Muftiate of Dobrich

Mufti Bilial Mehmed

Dobrich

Muftiate of Gotse Delchev (town)

Mufti Dzemal Hamid

Gotse Delchev (town)

Muftiate of Haskovo

Haskovo

Muftiate of Kardzhali

Mufti Nasuf Nasuf

Kardzhali

Muftiate of Krumovgrad

Krumovgrad

Muftiate of Montana, Bulgaria

Montana, Bulgaria

Muftiate of Pazardzhik

Pazardzhik

Muftiate of Pleven

Mufti Basri Pechlivan

Pleven

Muftiate of Plovdiv

Mufti Ali Hadzhi Sadik

Plovdiv

Muftiate of Razgrad

Mufti Mehmed Allia

Razgrad

Muftiate of Ruse, Bulgaria

Ruse, Bulgaria

Muftiate of Shumen

Mufti Osman Ismail

Shumen

Muftiate of Silistra

Silistra

Muftiate of Sliven

Sliven

Muftiate of Smolyan

Mufti Shifket Hadzhi

Smolyan

Muftiate of Sofia

Mufti Ali Hairaddin

Sofia

Muftiate of Stara Zagora

Stara Zagora

Muftiate of Targovishte

Targovishte

Muftiate of Varna

Varna

Muftiate of Veliko Tarnovo

Veliko Tarnovo

Muftiates in the Caucasus

The Religious Council of the Caucasus
Grand Muftiate Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Grand Muftiate of the Caucasus[21][22]

Grand Mufti of the Caucasus Allahshukur Pashazadeh

1992–present

Baku

Muftiates Muftis Term of office Headquarters
The Spiritual Board of Muslims of Adygea

Mufti Askarbiy Kardanov


Mufti Nurbiy Emizh


Mufti Enver Shumakhov

2012–present


2002 – 2012


2002–present

Maykop

Muftiate of Azerbaijan
Muftiate of Chechnya
Spiritual Board of the Muslims of Dagestan[23]
Muftiate of Georgia (country)
Muftiate of Ingushetia
Muftiate of Kabardino-Balkaria
Muftiate of Karachay-Cherkessia
The Muftiate of the Chechen Republic
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Muftiate of the Chechen Republic (not state recognized)[24] Mufti Muhammad-Bashir Arsanukaev Grozny
The Religious Board of Muslims of Adjara[25][26]
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Muftiate of Adjara Mufti Mahmud Kamashidze Batumi
The Spiritual Board of Muslims of Abkhazia[27]
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Muftiate of Abkhazia

Mufti Salikh Kvaratskhelia


Mufti Adlia Gablia


Mufti Timur Dzyba

2011–present


1995 – 2011


Sukhumi

The Administration of Muslims of Georgia (AMG)[28]
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Administration of Muslims of Georgia (country)
  • Shi'a Sheikh Vagip Akapilov
  • Sunni Mufti Jemal Parkhadze

Tbilisi

Greek muftiates

Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Didymoteicho[29]

Didymoteicho

Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Komotini

Mufti Ibrahim Şerif (elected mufti)


Mufti Meco Cemali (state-appointed mufti)


Komotini

Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Xanthi Mufti Mehmet Emin Aga (elected mufti)

Mufti Mehmet Emin Sinikoğlu[30] (state-appointed mufti)


Xanthi

Office of the Grand Mufti of India

Office Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Office of the Grand Mufti Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad 2019– New Delhi and Kozhikode

Kazakh muftiates

:kk:Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Kazakhstan (SDMK)


(Replaced SADUM in 1990)

Supreme Muftiate Supreme Mufti Term of office Headquarters

Supreme Muftiate of Kazakhstan

Supreme Mufti Yerzhan Malgajyuly Mayamerov[31]


Supreme Mufti Absattar Derbisali


Supreme Mufti Ratbek Nysanbayev

2013–present



1990 – 2000

Almaty

Kosovar muftiates

The Islamic Community of Kosovo
Grand Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Grand Muftiate of Kosovo[32]

Grand Mufti de:Naim Tërnava


Grand Mufti Rexhep Boja

2008–present


1990 - 2003

Prishtina

Kyrgyz muftiates

Spiritual Board of Muslims of Kyrgyzstan
Grand Muftiate Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Grand Muftiate of Kyrgyzstan

Grand Mufti Maksatbek Toktomushev[33]


Grand Mufti Rahmatilla Egemberdiev[34]


Grand Mufti Chubak Zhalilov[35]

2014–present


2012 – 2014


2010 – 2012

Bishkek

Lithuanian muftiates

Council of Lithuanian Muslims Religious Communities – Muftiate
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Lithuania – LMRBT[36]

Mufti Aleksandras Beganskas

2019–present

Vilnius

Spiritual Center of the Lithuanian Sunni Muslims[37][38]
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Lithuania - LMSDC

Mufti Romualdas Jakibauskas


Mufti Romualdas Krinickis

2008–present


1998 – 2008

Vilnius

Macedonian muftiates

Islamic Community of Macedonia (ICM)[39]
Grand Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Grand Muftiate of Macedonia[40][41]

Grand Mufti Hadzhi Sulejman Rexhepi (present)


Grand Mufti Taxhedin Bislimi[42] (2006-)


Grand Mufti Zenun Berisha[43]



Skopje

Macedonian muftiates Macedonian Muftis Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Bitola Pellumb Veliu

Bitola

Muftiate of Debar Ramazan Hasa

Debar

Muftiate of Gostivar Shaqir Fetahu

Gostivar

Muftiate of Kičevo Murat Hyseni

Kičevo

Muftiate of Kumanovo Abedin Imeri[44]

Kumanovo

Muftiate of Ohrid Samet Ajdari

Ohrid

Muftiate of Prilep Mustafa Topalovski

Prilep

Muftiate of Resen

Resen

Muftiate of Skopje Ibrahim Shabani

Skopje

Muftiate of Štip Isa Ismaili

Štip

Muftiate of Struga Salim Sylejmani

Struga

Muftiate of Tetovo Qani Nesimi

Tetovo

Montenegrin muftiates

Islamic Community of Montenegro
Grand Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Grand Muftiate of Montenegro[45]

Grand Mufti Reif Fejzić

Podgorica

Polish muftiates

Muslim Religious Union in the Republic of Poland
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Poland

Mufti Tomasz Miśkiewicz[46]

2004–present

Białystok

Romanian muftiates

Muslim Community in Romania
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Romania

Mufti Murat Yusuf


Mufti Bagâş Sanghirai

2005–present


2000 – 2005

Constanţa

Russian muftiates

Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Russia
Grand Muftiate Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Supreme Muftiate of Russia[47][48][49]

Supreme Mufti Talgat Tadzhuddin

1992–present

Ufa

Muftiates "Regional Spiritual Boards" Muftis Term of office Headquarters
The Spiritual Board of Muslims of the Republic of Bashkortostan (SBRB)[50]

Mufti Nafiqulla Ashirov

Ufa

The Spiritual Board of Muslims of the European Region of Russia (the Muftiate of Moscow)

Mufti Rawil Gaynetdin

1996–present

Moscow

The Muftiate of the Chechen Republic (state-recognized)

Mufti Muhammad-Husain Alsabekov

Grozny

The Spiritual Board of the Muslims of Dagestan (SBMD)

Mufti Ahmad Abdullayev


Mufti Said-Magomed Abubakarov

1998–present


1997 – 1998

Makhachkala

The Spiritual Board of Muslims of Kabardino-Balkaria

Mufti Shafiq Pshikhachev[51]

Nalchik

The Spiritual Board of Muslims of Karatchaevo-Cherkesia

Mufti Ismail Berdiev

Cherkessk

The Spiritual Board of the Muslims of the Karachay-Cherkessia Region and Stavropol[52]

Mufti Ahmed Bidji-ulu

Cherkessk

The Karelian Muftiate

Mufti Wisam Ali Bardvil

Petrozavodsk

The Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Khanty

Khanty-Mansiysk

The Kumyk Spiritual Board (KSB)

Mufti B. Issaev

Makhachkala

The Spiritual Board of Muslims of the Republic of Mordovia

Saransk

The Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Moscow and Central Russia

Mufti Albert Krganov Rifkatovich

Moscow

The Spiritual Board of Muslims of the Nizhny Novgorod Region

Mufti Gayaz-hazrat Zakirov


Mufti Umar Yusipovich Idrisov

2008–present


1993 – 2008

Nizhny Novgorod

The Spiritual Board of Muslims of North Ossetia–Alania

Mufti Dzankhot Hekilaev

Vladikavkaz

The Muftiate of the Republic of Ingushetia

Mufti Sheikh Muhammed Alboghatchiev

Magas

The Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Orenburg Region

Orenburg

The Spiritual Board of Muslims of the Perm Region

Perm

The Spiritual Board of Muslims of the Rostov Region

Rostov-on-Don

The Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Primorsky

Vladivostok

The Spiritual Board of Muslims of the Samara Region

Mufti Hazrat Yarullin Vagiz

Samara

The Spiritual Board of Muslims of Siberia (the Muftiate of Omsk, SBMS)[53]

Mufti Zulqarnay Shakirzyanov

Omsk

Spiritual Board of Muslims of Tatarstan (SBMT)[54]

Mufti Ildus Yunusov


Mufti Gusman Iskhakov[55]


Mufti Gabdulla-Hazrat Galiulla[56]

2011–present


1998 – 2011


1992 – 1998

Kazan

The Central Spiritual Board of Muslims of the Ulyanovsk Region

Hazrat Muhammad Baybikov

2010–present

Ulyanovsk

Serbian muftiates

:sh:Islamic Community of Serbia
Grand Muftiate Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Grand Muftiate

Grand Mufti Sead ef. Nasufović

Belgrade

Serbian muftiates Serbian Muftis Term of office Headquarters
Meshihat of Serbia Abdullah Numan

Belgrade

Meshihat of Sandžak Hasib Suljović

Novi Pazar

Meshihat of Preševo Nedžmedin Saćipi

Preševo

Mufti of Belgrade and Serbian military forces

Mustafa Jusufspahic

For the Serbian Mesihat of Sandžak see the Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Slovenian muftiates

The Slovenian Muslim Community (SMS)
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Slovenia

Mufti Nedžad Grabus


Mufti Osman Đogić

2006–present


2001–2005

Ljubljana

For the Mesihat of Slovenia see Muftiate of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Soviet-era muftiates

Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (SADUM)
Supreme Muftiate Supreme Muftis Term of office Headquarters
Supreme Muftiate of Central Asia and Kazakhstan

Supreme Mufti Muhammad Sadik Muhammad Yusuf


Supreme Mufti Shamsuddin Babakhan


Supreme Mufti Ziyauddin Babakhan


Supreme Mufti Ishan Babakhan

1989 – 1993


1982 – 1989


1957 – 1982


1943 – 1957

Tashkent

Central Spiritual Board of Muslims of European Russia and Siberia (DUMES)
Grand Muftiate Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Grand Muftiate of European Russia and Siberia

Grand Mufti Talgat Tadzhuddin[57]

Ufa

The Spiritual Directorate of Transcaucasia (DUMZ)[58]
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of Transcaucasia

Mufti Allahshukur Pashazadeh


Mufti Mirzagazanfar Ibragimov


Mufti :az:Aliaga Suleymanzade


Mufti Agha Movsum Hakim-zadeh


  • Shi'a Mufti Agha Akhund Alizadeh
  • Deputy Sunni Mufti Ibrahim Efendi-zadeh

1980 – 1992


1978 – 1980


1968 – 1972


1952 – 1956


1943 – 1952

Baku

The Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of the Northern Caucasus (DUMSK)
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Muftiate of the Northern Caucasus Mufti Hizri Gebekov Buynaksk

Ukrainian muftiates

Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Spiritual Direction of the Muslims of Crimea (SDMC) Mufti Kirim Esende[59][60] Kiev
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Spiritual Directorate of the Muslims of Crimea (SDCM)[61][62] Mufti Emirali Ablaev

Mufti Nuri Mustafayev


Mufti Seitdzhelil Ibragimov

1999–present

1996 – 1999


1992 – 1995

Simferopol
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of Ukraine (SDMU)[63] Mufti Sheik :uk:Tamim Ahmed Muhamed Mutah Kiev
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Spiritual Center of Muslims of Ukraine (SCMU) Mufti Ruslan Abdikyeyev 2005–present Donetsk
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Religious Directorate of Independent Muslim Communities of Ukraine "Kiev Muftiate" Ildar Hazrat Hussein
Muftiate Mufti Term of office Headquarters
The Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of Ukraine "Ummah" (SDMU "Ummah") Mufti Said Ismagilov

Uzbek muftiates

The Muslim Board of Uzbekistan[64]
Grand Muftiate Grand Mufti Term of office Headquarters
Grand Muftiate of Uzbekistan Grand Mufti Usman Alimov

Grand Mufti Abdurashid Kori Bakhromov[65]


Grand Mufti Muxtorjon ABDULLOH


Grand Mufti Muhammad Sadik Muhammad Yusuf[66]

2006–present

1995 – 2006


1993 – 1995


1989 – 1993

Tashkent
gollark: And speaking of the main characters, again they are badly written and flawed. Right from the start they are portrayed as a group of bumbling fools that mess up at every turn. It is really hard to believe that these clowns had the brains to build a time machine.
gollark: I know, I was just saying how nonspurious it was.
gollark: People mow lawns when they are too long. Grass grows when sunny. QED.
gollark: That's not spurious, that seems totally related.
gollark: That one is in memeCLOUD™, I think.

See also

References

  1. Islam in Albania http://www.da.mod.uk/colleges/arag/document-listings/.../08(09)MV.pdf%5B%5D
  2. Jørgen S. Nielsen (2012-10-12). Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 4. ISBN 9789004225213.
  3. Government Printing Office, 2005 (2005). Annual Report on International Religious Freedom, 2004. ISBN 9780160725524.
  4. Shirin Akiner, 2005 (2009). 2. Religious Language of a Belarusian Tatar Kitab: A Cultural Monument of Islam in Europe. ISBN 9783447030274.
  5. Muftiluk Muftiluk
  6. Ingvar Svanberg, David Westerlund (2012-12-06). Islam Outside the Arab World. ISBN 9781136113307.
  7. Bosnia's new Grand Mufti to promote tolerance http://www.dw.de/bosnias-new-grand-mufti-to-promote-tolerance/a-16320857
  8. Reisu-l-ema, Islamski vjerski poglavar u drzavi http://www.camo.ch/vjerski_poglavari_bh.htm
  9. Mufti's Funeral a Symbol Of the Divided Bosnia https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/13/opinion/13iht-edanna.t.html
  10. Croats Fire On Muslims In Bosnia https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/11/world/croats-fire-on-muslims-in-bosnia.html
  11. Bosnian Muslims Elect New Mufti http://www.rferl.org/content/bosnian-muslims-elect-new-mufti/24718268.html
  12. Yearbook of the Muslims in Europe https://books.google.com/books?id=MwzsW6k6pzAC&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=croatia+muftiates&source=bl&ots=tCt-uuQdCr&sig=KSKfqCNa0bOXHAp7vFsz_3C5UiE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FYNzUYeTCMSLjAKS-4C4CA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=croatia%20muftiates&f=false
  13. Muslim Community in the Republic of Croatia http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol19/iss3/2/
  14. Muslims in Serbia
  15. Muslims in Serbia
  16. Yearbook of the Muslims in Europe https://books.google.com/books?id=MwzsW6k6pzAC&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=croatia+muftiates&source=bl&ots=tCt-uuQdCr&sig=KSKfqCNa0bOXHAp7vFsz_3C5UiE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FYNzUYeTCMSLjAKS-4C4CA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=croatia%20muftiates&f=false
  17. Jørgen S. Nielsen, Samim Akgönül (2012-10-12). Yearbook of the Muslims, Volume 4. ISBN 9789004225213.
  18. The Muslim denomination in Republic of Bulgaria http://www.grandmufti.bg/en/about-us/institutions-history.html Archived 2013-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
  19. Ina Merdjanova (2013-03-21). Rediscovering the Umma: Muslims in the Balkans between Nationalism and Transnationalism. ISBN 9780199964031.
  20. Yearbook of the Muslims, Volume 4 https://books.google.com/books?id=AA6ZsZhwU5oC&pg=PA52&lpg=PA52&dq=kosovo+muftiates&source=bl&ots=t-Wcp-cuwx&sig=qC_vLnNoxQXjNd3xXZXD7_zQiqk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2oNzUeekAYL2iwLup4HwDg&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=kosovo%20muftiates&f=false
  21. The Politicization of Islam Archived 2012-05-08 at the Wayback Machine
  22. Philip Emil Muehlenbeck (2012). Religion and the Cold War: A Global Perspective. ISBN 9780826518521.
  23. Amjad Jaimoukha (2004-11-10). The Chechens: A Handbook. ISBN 9780203356432.
  24. http://www.iub.edu/~cahist/...and.../Campbell_Autocracy_and_Clergy.pdf%5B%5D
  25. Saakashvili's Ajara Success http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/untc/unpan018787.pdf
  26. Jørgen S. Nielsen (2012-10-12). Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 4. ISBN 9789004225213.
  27. Thomas Liles Islam and Religious Transformation in Adjara http://www.ecmi.de/uploads/tx_lfpubdb/Working_Paper_57_En.pdf Archived 2015-11-05 at the Wayback Machine
  28. Azerbaijan and Georgia: Rival Groups Seek to Speak for Georgia's Muslims http://www.eurasianet.org/node/63822
  29. Philippos C. Spyropoulos (2009). Constitutional Law in Greece. ISBN 9789041128782.
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