League of Legends Championship Series

The League of Legends Championship Series (LCS) is the top level of professional League of Legends in the United States and Canada. The esports league is run by Riot Games and has ten franchise teams.[1] Each annual season of competition is divided into two splits, spring and summer, which conclude with a double-elimination tournament between the top eight teams. At the end of the season, the winner, runners-up and third-place team of the summer playoffs qualify for the annual League of Legends World Championship.[2][3][4][5]

For the league formerly known as the European League of Legends Championship Series, see League of Legends European Championship.

League of Legends Championship Series

Current season, competition or edition: 2020 LCS season
Game	League of Legends
Founded	2013 (NA LCS) 2019 (rebranded to LCS)
Owner(s)	Riot Games
Commissioner	Chris Greeley
No. of teams	2013–2014: 8 2015–present: 10
Continents	North America
Most recent champion(s)	Cloud9 (3rd title)
Most titles	Team SoloMid (6 titles)
Relegation to	League of Legends Challenger Series (2013–2018)
International cup(s)	Mid Season Invitational World Championship
Related competitions	LEC, LCK, LPL
Official website	www.lolesports.com

With the exception of some touring events, all games of the LCS are played live at Riot Games' studios in Los Angeles, California. In addition to a small studio audience, all games are streamed live in several languages on Twitch and YouTube, with broadcasts regularly attracting over 300,000 viewers.[6] The U.S. government grants athlete visas for foreign LCS competitors.[7][8] The first LCS player to be awarded a P visa was Danny "Shiphtur" Le.[9][7]

The LCS has attracted sponsorships from Acer[10] Coca-Cola[11] and American Express.[12] "League of Legends Championship Series" is a Delaware limited liability company.[13]

History

Riot Games launched League of Legends in October 2009 and rapidly attracted[14] attention from the competitive gaming community. The first two seasons of competitive play consisted of a series of tournaments mostly organised by third parties, such as Intel Extreme Masters in Europe and Major League Gaming in North America, capped by a world championship tournament hosted by Riot Games.[15]

Riot Games announced the formation of the LCS on August 6, 2012,[16] creating a fully professional league run by the company with a regular schedule and guaranteed salaries for players, featuring eight teams in both North America and Europe. Since the LCS was only launched in the third year of professional play, it was immediately dubbed "Season 3". The top three finishers in both the Riot Games European and North American regional championships held in August 2012 automatically qualified, with the remaining five teams being decided in qualifier tournaments held in January 2013. Each LCS season is divided into two splits for spring and summer; the first games of the first spring split took place on February 7, 2013 in North America and on February 9, 2013 in Europe.

Season 3 of the LCS finished with the summer split playoffs, held on August 23 to 25 in Europe at the Gamescom in 2013, which was held in the Koelnmesse in Cologne, North Rine-Westphalia, Germany, and August 30 to September 1, 2013 at PAX Prime 2013 in Seattle, Washington in North America.[17][18] In Europe, the Fnatic finished first, Lemondogs second, and Gambit Gaming third. In North America, the top three finishers were Cloud9, Team SoloMid, and Team Vulcun. The top three teams from each continent advanced to the Season 3 World Championships. ` Riot Games changed naming conventions in 2014, calling the season the "2014 Season" instead of "Season 4". The League of Legends Challenger Series was created as a second tier of competition for promotion and relegation.[19]

At the end of the 2014 season, an expansion tournament was held in both Europe and North America that added two teams in region, giving the LCS a total of 10 teams per region for the start of the 2015 Season.[20] Additionally, Riot introduced the concept of "Championship points", which teams would earn based on performance across both splits and playoffs in order to qualify for the World Championship.[21]

A new sale of sponsorship rule was instated for the 2015 season. As a result, several teams were forced to rebrand and leave their respective parent organizations. Europe's Alliance and North America's Evil Geniuses are both owned by GoodGame Inc. CEO Alex Garfield, and thus their League of Legends teams left and became Elements and Winterfox, respectively. Curse Inc. could no longer sponsor LCS team Team Curse, thus the entire esports organization merged into Team Liquid.[22]

In late 2018, the European League of Legends Championship Series (EU LCS) was renamed to the League of Legends European Championship (LEC) and the North American League of Legends Championship Series (NA LCS) dropped "North American" from its name.[23]

Franchising

Starting in 2018, the North American LCS became franchised. There are various reasons for this. First, it changed the overall structure of the league, encouraging long-term investments from owners. This allowed the league to implement revenue sharing, leading to a better foundation for both the teams and professional players. Lastly, the professional players were given a larger voice and more protection within the league.

The buy-in price for the league was $10 million for existing League of Legends teams, who had previously participated in the League Championship Series or Challenger Series. New teams would be subject to an additional $3 million (a total $13 million), which was distributed to the teams that were replaced in the league. Interested parties were given applications in June, due on July 28, 2017. Over 100 existing esports organizations, traditional sports teams, venture capitalists and entrepreneurs reportedly applied.[24] Those applications were then narrowed down to a shortlist, nicknamed "phase two", which saw participants travel to Riot Games' Los Angeles office to interview and review their applications.[25] Riot Games and the North American League Championship Series players' association also decided that league would not expand and instead remain at 10 teams.

Buyers for the league were decided in mid-October. Several existing teams from the league — including Cloud9, Counter Logic Gaming, Echo Fox, FlyQuest, Team Liquid and Team SoloMid — were reportedly accepted back into the league.[26][27][28] Other existing teams, such as Immortals, Phoenix1, Team Dignitas and Team EnvyUs, were declined from entry into the restructured league.[29][30] The team welcomed four new teams — one endemic esports team and three NBA franchises or affiliates. Longtime esports organization OpTic Gaming was reportedly awarded a spot in the league after receiving investment from Texas Rangers co-owner Neil Leibman.[31] The other three new spots went to Golden State Warriors co-owner Joe Lacob and his son Kirk as the Golden Guardians, the Cleveland Cavaliers and affiliated venture capital firms as 100 Thieves, and the Houston Rockets as Clutch Gaming.[32][33][34][35]

Broadcast team

ID	Name	Role
Pastrytime	Julian Carr	Play-by-Play Caster
Phreak	David Turley
CaptainFlowers	Clayton Raines
RivingtonThe3rd	Rivington Bisland III
Kobe	Sam Hartman-Kenzler	Color Caster
Azael	Isaac Cummings-Bentley
Dash	James Patterson	Color Caster / Analysis Host
MarkZ	Mark Zimmerman	Analyst
Crumbz	Alberto Rengifo

Media coverage

The LCS primarily reaches its viewers through online streaming using its own channels on Twitch and YouTube. On Twitch alone, viewership numbers regularly exceed 200,000 for regular season play,[6] and the games have drawn over 1.7 million unique visitors.[7] However, Riot Games CEO Brandon Beck stated in 2012 that there were no immediate plans to try to bring the LCS to traditional TV, and news coverage of the regular season is generally limited to dedicated electronic sports news sites, such as CBS Interactive's onGamers.[36]

The scale and popularity of the LCS itself, however, has attracted considerable media attention,[37] particularly around some events that legitimised the LCS as a serious competition.

In December 2016, Riot announced that it had reached a deal with BAMTech (a spin-off of MLB Advanced Media) to serve as the exclusive distributor of LCS broadcasts through 2023. BAMTech would have paid $50 million per-year under the contract, and split advertising revenue with Riot.[38][39] However, internal complications arose after The Walt Disney Company acquired BAMTech, and the contract never actually took effect. As a substitute, Riot entered into an agreement to non-exclusively carry its broadcasts on ESPN+ instead, in addition to existing outlets such as Twitch.[40]

Format

As of 2019, 10 teams from North America compete in the LCS. Each season is divided into two splits with a 9-week regular season and a 3-week playoff bracket. In the regular season of each split, each team plays each other twice, for a total of 90 games. Teams are ranked by win percentage, with ties split by tiebreaker games if necessary at the end of the regular season.[41]

At the conclusion of each split, a playoff with the top 6 teams of the regular season is played to determine the final standings. The top 2 teams of the regular season receive a bye into the semi-finals, and the remaining 4 teams play each other in the quarter-finals. Each split's playoffs award cash prizes and Championship Points, which are used to determine qualification into the annual League of Legends World Championship. The winner of the summer split and the next team with the highest number of Championship Points automatically qualify. The next four teams ranked by Championship Point total then play the Regional Qualifier tournament to determine the final qualifying team.[42]

Teams

Teams	First appearance in LCS	Roster					Coach
		Top	Jungle	Mid	Bot	Support
Counter Logic Gaming	Spring 2013	Ruin	Wiggily	Pobelter	Stixxay	Smoothie	SSONG
Team SoloMid	Spring 2013	Broken Blade	Spica	Bjergsen	Doublelift	Treatz	Parth Naidu
Cloud9	Summer 2013	Licorice	Blaber	Nisqy	Zven	Vulcan	Reapered
Team Liquid	Spring 2015	Impact	Broxah	Jensen	Tactical	CoreJJ	Jatt
FlyQuest	Spring 2017	Solo	Santorin	PowerOfEvil	WildTurtle	IgNar	Curry
100 Thieves	Spring 2018	Ssumday	Contractz	ry0ma	Cody Sun[43]	Poome	Zikz
Golden Guardians	Spring 2018	Hauntzer	Closer	Damonte	FBI	Huhi	Inero
Dignitas	Spring 2013	V1per	Dardoch	Froggen	Johnsun	Aphromoo	Thinkcard
Evil Geniuses	Spring 2014	Kumo	Svenskeren	Goldenglue	Bang	Zeyzal	Irean
Immortals	Spring 2016	Allorim	Xmithie	Insanity	Apollo	Hakuho	Malaclypse

Past seasons

Split				4th
2013 Spring	Team SoloMid	Good Game University*	Team Vulcun*	Team Curse*
2013 Summer	Cloud9	Team SoloMid	Team Vulcun*	Team Dignitas
2014 Spring	Cloud9	Team SoloMid	Counter Logic Gaming	Team Curse*
2014 Summer	Team SoloMid	Cloud9	LMQ*	Team Curse*
2015 Spring	Team SoloMid	Cloud9	Team Liquid	Team Impulse*
2015 Summer	Counter Logic Gaming	Team SoloMid	Team Liquid	Team Impulse*
2016 Spring	Counter Logic Gaming	Team SoloMid	Immortals	Team Liquid
2016 Summer	Team SoloMid	Cloud9	Immortals	Counter Logic Gaming
2017 Spring	Team SoloMid	Cloud9	Phoenix1*	FlyQuest
2017 Summer	Team SoloMid	Immortals	Counter Logic Gaming	Team Dignitas
2018 Spring	Team Liquid	100 Thieves	Echo Fox*	Clutch Gaming
2018 Summer	Team Liquid	Cloud9	Team SoloMid	100 Thieves
2019 Spring	Team Liquid	Team SoloMid	Cloud9	FlyQuest
2019 Summer	Team Liquid	Cloud9	Counter Logic Gaming	Clutch Gaming
2020 Spring	Cloud9	FlyQuest	Evil Geniuses	Team SoloMid
2020 Summer	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD

Team placement table

  *   Denotes a team that has been rebranded or disbanded.

Finishes

Team				4th	Total Top Four Finishes
Team SoloMid	6	5	1	1	13
Cloud9	3	6	1	0	10
Team Liquid	4	0	2	1	7
Counter Logic Gaming	2	0	2	1	5
Immortals	0	1	2	0	3
FlyQuest	0	1	0	2	3
Team Curse*	0	0	0	3	3
100 Thieves	0	1	0	1	2
Team Vulcun*	0	0	2	0	2
Dignitas	0	0	0	2	2
Clutch Gaming*	0	0	0	2	2
Team Impulse*	0	0	0	2	2
Team Coast*	0	1	0	0	1
Evil Geniuses	0	0	1	0	1
Echo Fox*	0	0	1	0	1
Phoenix1*	0	0	1	0	1
LMQ*	0	0	1	0	1
Gravity*	0	0	0	1	1

References

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