Kwanyama dialect
Kwanyama or Cuanhama is a national language of Angola and Namibia. It is a standardized dialect of the Ovambo language, and is mutually intelligible with Oshindonga, the other Ovambo dialect with a standard written form.
Kwanyama | |
---|---|
Oshikwanyama | |
Native to | Namibia and Angola |
Region | Ovamboland |
Native speakers | (250,000 in Namibia (2006); 420,000 in Angola cited 1993)[1] |
Niger–Congo
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | kj |
ISO 639-2 | kua |
ISO 639-3 | kua |
Glottolog | kuan1247 [2] |
R.21 [3] | |
Linguasphere | 99-AUR-la |
The entire Christian Bible has been translated into Kwanyama and was first published in 1974 under the name Ombibeli by the South African Bible Society.[4] Jehovah’s Witnesses released the modern translation of the new testament, the New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures in Kwanyama in 2019[5], both printed and electronic online version.
Phonology
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t~t̪ | tʃ | k | |
voiced | b | d~d̪ | dʒ | |||
prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ⁿdʒ | ᵑɡ | ||
Fricative | voiceless | f | (s) | ʃ | x | h |
voiced | v | |||||
Nasal | voiced | m | n | ɲ | ||
voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ɲ̊ | ŋ̊ | ||
Approximant | w | l | j |
/t/ and /d/ are dentalized when followed by a front vowel /i/. An /s/ sound can only occur in loanwords.
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | i | u |
Mid | e | o |
Open | a |
gollark: It does seem like terrorists are weirdly ineffective. If I wanted to destabilize Western civilization I expect I could do a better job.(Hi government agents!)
gollark: Well, terrorists do, presumably. For terror.
gollark: I use Syncthing for my personal sync needs personally. It does that but P2Pishly without requiring cloud™ somewhere.
gollark: Seriously? That seems vaguely implausible. The Pi's SoC may be newer than... Core 2 Duos or something, but the A72 cores in it are *not* particularly new and as far as I know quite bad.
gollark: You should try not consuming alcohol.
References
- Kwanyama at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kuanyama". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- Ombibeli, 1974, front page
- "Jehovah's Witnesses Release the New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures in Kwanyama". Jw.org. 20 August 2019.
Bibliography
- Crane, Thera; Lindgren-Streicher, Karl; Wingo, Andy (2004). Hai ti! A Beginner's Guide to Oshikwanyama (PDF).
- Halme, Riikka (2004). A Tonal Grammar of Kwanyama. pp. 12-18.
- Zimmerman, W.; Hasheela, P. (1998). Oshikwanyama Grammar. Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan.
External links
Kuanyama edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
- Language map of Namibia
- Grammar and vocabulary (in Spanish)
- PanAfrican L10n page on Kwanyama
- Omalinjongameno Ōngeleka. (Services of the Church in Kwanyama Authorised for Use in the Diocese of Damaraland, 1957) digitized by Richard Mammana 2015
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