Korolyov, Moscow Oblast

Korolyov or Korolev (Russian: Королёв, IPA: [kərɐˈlʲɵf]) is an industrial city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, well known as the cradle of Soviet and Russian space exploration. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 183,402, the largest as a science city.[4] As of 2018, the population is more than 220,000 people.

For other places with the same name, see Korolyov (inhabited locality).

Korolyov Королёв
City[1]
Entrance to the city (April 2013)
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Korolyov
Korolyov Location of Korolyov Show map of Russia Korolyov Korolyov (Moscow Oblast) Show map of Moscow Oblast
Coordinates: 55°55′N 37°49′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Moscow Oblast[1]
Founded	26 December 1938
City status since	1938[2]
Government
• Head[3]	Alexander Khodyrev[3]
Elevation	160 m (520 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[4]
• Total	183,402
• Estimate  (2018)[5]	222,952 (+21.6%)
• Rank	98th in 2010
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	Korolyov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
• Capital of	Korolyov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Korolev Urban Okrug[6]
• Capital of	Korolev Urban Okrug[6]
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [7])
Postal code(s)[8]	141060, 141062, 141065, 141067–141071, 141073–141080, 141089, 994009
OKTMO ID	46734000001
Website	korolev.ru

It was known as Kaliningrad (Калинингра́д) from 1938 to 1996 and served as the leading Soviet center for production of anti-tank and air-defense guns. In 1946, in the aftermath of World War II, the artillery plant was reconstructed for production of rockets, launch vehicles, and spacecraft, under the guidance of Russian scientist and academician Sergei Korolev, who envisioned, consolidated and guided the activities of many people in the Soviet space-exploration program. The plant later became known as the RKK Energia; when the Vostok space vehicle was being developed, this research center was designated as NII-88 or POB 989.

Russian Mission Control Center is also located in Korolyov. Though the real control is decentralized due to security reasons and all space aircraft may be controlled from many different locations across Russia, the historic center of control is still in Korolev, and is called FCC - Flights Control Center.

In July 1996, the city was renamed in commemoration of Sergei Korolev, the father of the Soviet/Russian space program, who died in 1966. Since 1997, Korolyov has hosted the International Space Olympics, an annual competition for young people to promote space related research.

History

The Mission control center "ЦУП" ("TsUP") of the Russian Federal Space Agency (April 2004)

Korolyova Avenue is one of the central streets of the city

Springtime evening panoram to central part of the city.

In the 12th century, a Slavic settlement was located on the site of modern Korolyov. The settlement stood on a junction of trade routes between the Moscow and Vladimir-Suzdal principalities. After the Mongol conquests in the 13th century, the region was in decline.

The village of Podlipki had formed on the site by the 18th century, when one of the first textile factories in Russia was established there.

From the late 19 century, Podlipki was also known as a dacha village frequented by many literali[9], as can be witnessed by the name of Podlipki-Dachnye railway station. They later moved their dachas to Peredelkino in Moscow's southeastern suburb, when Podlipki became a closed city.

In 1924, the first OGPU working commune in the Soviet Union was established at Podlipki. In 1938, the Kalininsky settlement near an artillery plant (which had previously been relocated from Leningrad to better protect it in case of any future war) was granted town status and named Kaliningrad (meaning Kalinin City, after Mikhail Kalinin; not to be confused with the Baltic port city also renamed Kaliningrad several years later). Over the next three decades the town expanded greatly as a home of rocket manufacturing for both military missiles and the Soviet space program. As such it was a closed city.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Korolyov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Korolyov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Korolyov Urban Okrug.[6]

In June 2014, Yubileyny, Moscow Oblast Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction was merged into Korolyov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[10] and on the municipal side, Yubileyny Urban Okrug was merged into Korolyov Urban Okrug.[6] The town of Yubileyny ceased to exist as an independent entity.[10]

Demographics

As of 1 January 2016, Korolyov was in 93 place out of 1112 cities in Russia based on demographics.

On 2 June 2014, the city of Yubileniy officially became a part of Korolyov. With a total population of 220 thousand people,[4] Korolyov became the third largest city in Moscow Oblast based on population after Balashikha (428,400[4]) and Khimki (239 967[4]).

Economy

The main enterprise of the city is the RKK Energia, but there are several kinds of industry in the city. This naukograd (science city) is the place in which the first Youth Residential Complex in the Soviet Union was built. Another notable company located in the city is OAO Kompozit, which is engaged in the field of materials science.

Today the city is prosperous overall. But in the Soviet-era economy, the city typified the wide contrasts and ironic juxtapositions that arose as some aspects of life were heavily funded by the government while others remained chronically underfunded. Yuri Krotkov described in his 1967 memoir[11] how, at the same time that advanced technology was being built for space rockets, the textile plants of old Podlipki went on for decades with nearly no improvement on their 1920s equipment, and starkly impoverished workers in various hard and glamourless jobs of prerevolutionary days crossed paths, sometimes resentfully, with the skilled technicians and scientists, who were substantially better paid despite the slogans of Soviet ideology around the equal dignity of manual labourers.

Sports

The bandy club Vympel[12] has played in the Russian Bandy Supreme League, which is the second-highest division.[13] Their home arena has a capacity of 10 000.[14] A plan existed to equip the stadium with artificial ice,[15] but the project has been abandoned. Although an indoor ice hockey-sized arena entered the plans instead, the official reason given was financial problems.[16] Now Vympel only plays in the amateur league of Moscow Oblast. In 2014 a bandy federation for the city was founded.[17]

Notable people

The area was a place of elite dachas at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. Many famous people, such as Konstantin Stanislavsky, Anton Chekhov, Valery Bryusov, Boris Pasternak, Anna Akhmatova, Isaac Levitan, Pavel Tretyakov, Marina Tsvetaeva, and Vladimir Lenin, lived here.

Twin towns and sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Korolyov is twinned with:

• Zhukovsky, Russia
• Moscow, Russia
• Khimki, Russia
• Baikonur, Kazakhstan

References

Notes

1. Law #11/2013-OZ
2. Encyclopædia Britannica. Entry on Korolyov
3. Главой города избран А. Н. Ходырев (in Russian). City of Korolyov. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
4. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
5. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
6. Law #53/2014-OZ
7. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
8. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
9. Korolyov in Wikivoyage
10. Law #54/2014-OZ. Additionally, the town of Yubileyny was struck from the Inventory Data of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Moscow Oblast in August 2014.
11. Krotkov 1967, p. 76 ff.
12. "На встречу к звёздам – Вымпел (хоккейный клуб)". vimpel-bandy.ru.
13. "КАЛЕНДАРЬ —игр Первенства России по хоккею с мячом среди команд первой лиги — на сезон 2008/09 г.г." Archived October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian language).
14. "Информация о стадионе «Вымпел», Королёв - Реестр - Федерация хоккея с мячом России". rusbandy.ru. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
15. "В Королёве обсудили перспективы развития «Вымпела» - Архив новостей - Федерация хоккея с мячом России". rusbandy.ru. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
16. "Болельщики «Вымпела» просят поддержки - Архив новостей - Федерация хоккея с мячом России". rusbandy.ru. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
17. "korolev-bandy.com". korolev-bandy.com. Archived from the original on July 22, 2015.

↑ Population of Russian Federation by municipality from 1 January 2016. Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2016 года. Таблица «31. Численность населения городов и пгт по федеральным округам и субъектам Российской Федерации на 1 января 2016 года». RAR-архив (1,0 Mб)

Sources

• Московская областная Дума. Закон №11/2013-ОЗ от 31 января 2013 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области», в ред. Закона №249/2019-ОЗ от 29 ноября 2019 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области"». Вступил в силу на следующий день после официального опубликования (13 января 2013 г.). Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №24, 12 февраля 2013 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #11/2013-OZ of January 31, 2013 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast, as amended by the Law #249/2019-OZ of November 29, 2019 On amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast". Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication (January 13, 2013).).

• Московская областная Дума. Закон №53/2014-ОЗ от 21 мая 2014 г. «О преобразовании городского округа Королёв и городского округа Юбилейный, о статусе и установлении границы вновь образованного муниципального образования», в ред. Закона №87/2014-ОЗ от 15 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Московской области "О преобразовании городского округа Королёв и городского округа Юбилейный, о статусе и установлении границы вновь образованного муниципального образования"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования, за исключением статей 4 и 5. Опубликован: Официальный Интернет-портал Правительства Московской области http://www.mosreg.ru, 23 мая 2014 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #53/2014-OZ of May 21, 2014 On the Transformation of Korolyov Urban Okrug and Yubileyny Urban Okrug, on the Status and the Border of the Newly Established Municipal Formation, as amended by the Law #87/2014-OZ of July 15, 2014 On Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Transformation of Korolyov Urban Okrug and Yubileyny Urban Okrug, on the Status and the Border of the Newly Established Municipal Formation". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication, with the exception of Articles 4 and 5.).
• Московская областная Дума. Закон №54/2014–ОЗ от 21 мая 2014 г. «Об объединении городов областного подчинения Московской области Королёв и Юбилейный и внесении изменения в Закон Московской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: Официальный Интернет-портал Правительства Московской области http://www.mosreg.ru, 28 мая 2014 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #54/2014-OZ of May 21, 2014 On the Merger of Korolyov and Yubileyny Towns Under Oblast Jurisdiction in Moscow Oblast and Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
• Губернатор Московской области. Постановление №123-ПГ от 28 сентября 2010 г. «Об учётных данных административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Московской области», в ред. Постановления №252-ПГ от 26 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в учётные данные административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Московской области». Опубликован: "Информационный вестник Правительства МО", №10, 30 октября 2010 г. (Governor of Moscow Oblast. Resolution #123-PG of September 28, 2010 On the Inventory Data of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Moscow Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #252-PG of June 26, 2015 On Amending the Inventory Data of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Moscow Oblast. ).
• Krotkov, Yuri (1967), I Am From Moscow: A View of the Russian Miracle, E.P. Dutton, OCLC 855279920.

Further reading

• People duty and honor – A. A. Shmelev, "libris", 1996. ISBN 5-86568-133-3
• People duty and honor – A. A. Shmelev, the second book. M: Editorial Board Moscow journal, 1998.
• "Space science city Korolev" - Author: Posamentir R. D. M: publisher SP Struchenevsky O. V., ISBN 978-5-905234-12-5