June 1921

1921

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The following events occurred in June 1921:

June 1, 1921 (Wednesday)

• The Zanzibari general election results in the Zanzibar Nationalist Party and the Afro-Shirazi Party winning an equal number of seats on a turnout of 96.5%.[1] The ZNP forms a coalition with the Zanzibar and Pemba People's Party.
• The 1921 Canadian Census is taken.[2]
• Born: Nelson Riddle, US musician and bandleader, in Oradell, New Jersey (died 1985)[3]

June 2, 1921 (Thursday)

• A company of the United States 180th Cavalry Regiment is redesignated as Company L, Third Infantry.[4]

June 3, 1921 (Friday)

• Sweden abolishes the death penalty.[5]
• The Birthday Honours of King George V of the United Kingdom recognise, among others, Canadian manufacturer Douglas Alexander (baronet) Indian businessman and philanthropist Jehangir H. Kothari (knighted) and Scottish legal expert John Rankine (knighted).[6]
• The 1921 Far Eastern Championship Games draw to an end in Shanghai, China. China, Japan and the Philippines are the only competing countries.[7]

June 4, 1921 (Saturday)

• Died: Ludwig Knorr, 61, German chemist, co-developer of Aspirin[8]

June 5, 1921 (Sunday)

• A treaty is signed between Czechoslovakia and Romania, to combat possible Hungarian revisionism; this is part of the so-called "Little Entente".[9]
• Died: Laura Bromwell, 24, US stunt pilot, killed after she loses control of her plane at the top of a loop over Long Island, New York, and crashes from an altitude of 1,000 feet.[10]

June 6, 1921 (Monday)

• The Spanish cargo ship Ramon Mumbru springs a leak and sinks in the Mediterranean Sea off Cavalaire-sur-Mer, France.[11]

June 7, 1921 (Tuesday)

• An assistance pact is signed between Romania and Yugoslavia.[12]
• Patick Maher and Edmond Foley, the last of the "Forgotten Ten" Irish republicans, are executed in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin.[13]
• In the Los Angeles mayoral election, incumbent Meredith P. Snyder is narrowly defeated by George E. Cryer.[14]

June 8, 1921 (Wednesday)

• Born: Suharto, Indonesian leader, in Kemusuk (died 2008)[15]

June 9, 1921 (Thursday)

• The 1921 Saskatchewan general election[16] in Canada results in the re-election of the Liberal Party of Saskatchewan led by Premier William M. Martin, with a diminished share of the popular vote, and a reduced caucus in the legislature.

June 10, 1921 (Friday)

• Tristan Tzara's Le Cœur à gaz (The Gas Heart) is performed for the first time, during a Dada art exhibition at the Galerie Montaigne in Paris, France.[17] It is later dubbed "the greatest three-act hoax of the century".[18]
• D. H. Lawrence's controversial novel, Women in Love, is published in the UK for the first time. W. Charles Pilley, an early reviewer, writes: "I do not claim to be a literary critic, but I know dirt when I smell it, and here is dirt in heaps—festering, putrid heaps which smell to high Heaven."[19]
• The Greek cargo ship Bouboulina strikes a mine and sinks in the Gulf of Smyrna off Uzunada, Turkey with the loss of 22 of her 30 crew.[20][21]
• Born: Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, consort of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, in Corfu, Greece[22]

June 11, 1921 (Saturday)

June 12, 1921 (Sunday)

• Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922): Greece's prime minister, Dimitrios Gounaris, travels to Izmir by battleship.[23]
• Born: Johan Witteveen, Dutch economist and politician, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) 1973-1978, in Zeist (died 2019)[24]

June 13, 1921 (Monday)

• The British cargo ship Canastota leaves Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, bound for Wellington, New Zealand. It never arrives, and is presumed to have foundered in the Pacific Ocean with the loss of all hands; fire-damaged wreckage was eventually washed ashore.[25]

June 14, 1921 (Tuesday)

• The US consul in Jamaica investigates charges laid by Marcus Garvey against the captain and chief engineer of the Kanawha, and exonerates them.[26]

June 15, 1921 (Wednesday)

• The SS Paris, the biggest ocean liner of its time, begins its maiden voyage, from Le Havre in France to New York City in the United States.[27]

June 16, 1921 (Thursday)

• In the UK, the Hertford by-election, caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Noel Pemberton Billing on health grounds, is won by Murray Sueter for the Anti-Waste League.[28]
• T. C. Glashen, a supporter of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA), is arrested in the United States for "inciting a riot" and deported to Cuba.[26]

June 17, 1921 (Friday)

• The British House of Commons debates the Imperial Conference to be held in London, with the ministers of British Dominions present in a special gallery.[29]

June 18, 1921 (Saturday)

• The second leg of the National Final of the 1921–22 Prima Divisione (CCI), Italy's major football championship, ends in overall victory for Pro Vercelli over Fortitudo Roma.[30]

June 19, 1921 (Sunday)

• Born: Louis Jourdan, French actor, in Marseille (died 2015)[31]

June 20, 1921 (Monday)

• The annual Wimbledon tennis championships open in London, running until 2 July.[32]

June 21, 1921 (Tuesday)

• The International Hydrographic Organization is established, as the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB).[33]
• Born:
  • Judy Holliday, US actress, in Lower East Side, Manhattan, as Judith Tuvim (died 1965)[34]
  • Jane Russell, US actress, in Bemidji, Minnesota (died 2011)[35]

June 22, 1921 (Wednesday)

• The new Parliament of Northern Ireland meets at Belfast City Hall and is opened by George V of the United Kingdom, with a speech calling for reconciliation in Ireland.[36]

June 23, 1921 (Thursday)

• The Harvard Glee Club arrives in Paris, France, and is received at the Hotel de Ville at the start of a European tour.[37]

June 24, 1921 (Friday)

• The 1921 Women's Olympiad, the first international women's sports event, a multi-sport tournament organised by Alice Milliat, opens in Monte Carlo.[38]

June 25, 1921 (Saturday)

• The 1921 Open Championship (golf tournament) is won by Scottish-born Jock Hutchison at the Old Course at St Andrews, UK.[39]

June 26, 1921 (Sunday)

• The 15th Tour de France cycle race opens in Paris.[40]
• The Australian passenger ship Fitzroy founders off the coast of New South Wales with the loss of 31 lives.
• Born: Violette Szabo, French World War II heroine, in Paris, as Violette Reine Elizabeth Bushell (died 1945)[41]

June 27, 1921 (Monday)

• Italy's prime minister, Giovanni Giolitti, resigns, following a small but insufficient majority obtained in a confidence vote on the previous day.[42]
• Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922): Earl Granville informs the UK Foreign Secretary Lord Curzon that Greece is about to launch a major offensive against Turkish troops commanded by Ismet Inönü in Anatolia.[43]
• The first signing of Treaty 11, between King George V of the United Kingdom and various First Nation band governments in the Northwest Territories of Canada, takes place at Fort Providence.[44]

June 28, 1921 (Tuesday)

• The Vidovdan Constitution is adopted by a Constitutional Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.[45]
• A new Parliament of Southern Ireland meets at the Royal College of Science for Ireland in Dublin and is opened by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Viscount FitzAlan. In addition to the appointed Senate, only the four Unionist MPs representing the University of Dublin attend the House of Commons. Having elected Gerald Fitzgibbon to be Speaker, the House adjourns sine die.[46]
• The UK Air Navigation and Transport Act becomes law, giving the British Empire authority over all air navigation in the British Commonwealth of Nations.[47]
• Born: P. V. Narasimha Rao, Indian politician, Prime Minister 1991-6, in Narsampet (died 2004)[48]

June 29, 1921 (Wednesday)

• Died: Jennie Spencer-Churchill, née Jerome, 67, US-born British socialite, of complications resulting from a fall[49]

June 30, 1921 (Thursday)

• In Australian rules football, North Melbourne Football Club disbands, in an attempt to obtain entry to the Victorian Football League. The attempt is foiled by a legal challenge.[50] The club subsequently merges with the Essendon Association Club.

References

1. Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p880 ISBN 0-19-829645-2
2. "Canada Year Book 1922-23" (PDF). Statistics Canada. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
3. Joseph Murrells (1978). The Book of Golden Discs. Barrie and Jenkins. ISBN 978-0-214-20480-7.
4. United States. Army 180th Regiment, 45th Division (1947). The Story of the 180th Infantry Regiment. Newsfoto Publishing Company. p. 25.
5. Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1930). House of Commons Papers. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 604.
6. London Gazette, Issue 32461, 20 September 1921, page 7382b
7. Bell, Daniel (2003). Encyclopedia of International Games. McFarland and Company, Inc. Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina. ISBN 0-7864-1026-4.
8. "Ludwig Knorr. zum Gedächtnis (1859-1921)". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 60 (1): A1–A34. 1921. doi:10.1002/cber.19270600155.
9. John Ashley Soames Grenville (2001). The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts. Taylor & Francis. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-415-23798-7.
10. Daniel, Clifton, ed., Chronicle of the 20th Century, Mount Kisco, New York: Chronicle Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-942191-01-3, p. 280.
11. "Casualty reports". The Times (42740). London. 7 June 1921. col B, p. 19.
12. International Relations, 1914-1965. Allahabad Law Agency. 1966. p. 102.
13. William Murphy (March 2014). Political Imprisonment and the Irish, 1912-1921. OUP Oxford. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-19-956907-6.
14. "Cryer Is Elected Mayor of Los Angeles: Lead About Seven Thousand; Snyder Forces Admit Defeat". Los Angeles Times. 1921-06-08.
15. R. E. Elson; Robert Edward Elson (13 November 2001). Suharto: A Political Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-521-77326-3.
16. Annual Report on Labour Organization in Canada. Department of Labour. 1923. p. 26.
17. Bettina Liebowitz Knapp (18 October 1985). French Theatre 1918–1939. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 181. ISBN 978-1-349-17985-5.
18. Jennifer Dunning, "From Jerusalem, an Introduction to the Absurd", in The New York Times, March 6, 2001
19. W. Charles Pilley (17 September 1921). "Review of Women in Love". John Bull.
20. "Greek ship blown up". The Times (42744). London. 11 June 1921. col C, p. 1.
21. "Imperial and Foreign News Items". The Times (42745). London. 13 June 1921. col G, p. 9.
22. Brandreth, Gyles (2004). Philip and Elizabeth: Portrait of a Marriage. London: Century. ISBN 0-7126-6103-4 page 56
23. Osman Faruk Loğoğlu (1997). İsmet İnönü and the Making of Modern Turkey. İnönü Vakfı. p. 55. ISBN 978-975-7951-01-8.
24. Harrison Smith (13 May 2019). "Johannes Witteveen: Economist who bailed out Britain and made the IMF relevant". The Independent. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
25. "Missing and overdue vessels". The Times (42802). London. 13 August 1921. col D, p. 14.
26. Marcus Garvey (29 September 2014). The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Volume XII: The Caribbean Diaspora, 1920-1921. Duke University Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-8223-7618-7.
27. Marine Engineering. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Company. 1921. p. 669.
28. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
29. Putnam Weale (17 March 2016). An Indiscreet Chronicle from the Pacific. Routledge. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-317-24387-8.
30. Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
31. Hutchings, David (14 January 1985). "Louis Jourdan Takes on the Chevalier Role in Gigi and Proves He Remembers It Well". People. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
32. 2010 Wimbledon Compendium, by Alan Little (The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, Wimbledon, London)
33. Amos Jenkins Peaslee (1 January 1979). International Governmental Organizations: Constitutional Documents. BRILL. p. 306. ISBN 90-247-2087-7.
34. “Judy Holliday”, biography, Turner Classic Movies (TCM), Turner Broadcasting System, a subsidiary of Time Warner, Inc., New York, N.Y. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
35. Anita Gates (February 28, 2011). "Jane Russell, Sultry Star of 1940s and '50s, Dies at 89". New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
36. J. R. Hill (26 August 2010). A New History of Ireland Volume VII: Ireland, 1921-84. OUP Oxford. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-19-161559-7.
37. "Harvard Glee Club Welcomed in Paris". New York Times. 23 June 1921. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
38. "Les Olympiades Féminines de Monte Carlo" (in French). L'Éclaireur de Nice, 31 March 1921, page 3. Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
39. "Golf championship - Jock Hutchison wins". Glasgow Herald. 27 June 1921. p. 12.
40. "15ème Tour de France 1921". Memoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011.
41. Reina, Pennington (2003). Amazons to Fighter Pilots - A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women (Volume One). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. p. 167. ISBN 0-313-32707-6.
42. Giolitti Resigns as Italian Premier, The New York Times, June 28, 1921
43. Salâhi R. Sonyel (1989). Atatürk: The Founder of Modern Turkey. Turkish Historical Soc. Print. House. p. 75. ISBN 978-975-16-0174-2.
44. Donald L. Fixico (12 December 2007). Treaties with American Indians: An Encyclopedia of Rights, Conflicts, and Sovereignty. p. 622. ISBN 978-1-57607-881-5.
45. Robert J. Donia, John Van Antwerp Fine; Bosnia and Hercegovina: A Tradition Betrayed. Columbia University Press, 1995. (p. 126)
46. Ward, Alan J. (1994). The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland 1782–1922. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press of America. pp. 103–110. ISBN 0-8132-0793-2.
47. Roger Meyer. "The Creation of the Civil Aviation Branch and its Early Years". Airways Museum. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
48. Janak Raj Jai (1 January 1996). Narasimha Rao: The Best Prime Minister?. Regency Publications. p. 1. ISBN 978-81-86030-30-1.
49. Jenkins, Roy., Churchill, Pan Books, London, 2002 edition, ISBN 0330488058, pp.353–354
50. "North Melbourne ground". The Argus. Melbourne, VIC. 12 August 1921. p. 6.