Jingzhou

Jingzhou (Chinese: 荆州) is a prefecture-level city in southern Hubei province, China, located on the banks of the Yangtze River. Based on the 2010 census, its total population was 5,691,707,[1] 1,154,086 of whom resided in the built-up (or metro) area comprising the two urban districts.

Not to be confused with Jinzhou.
This article is about the modern city. For the ancient administrative division, see Jingzhou (ancient China). For other uses, see Jingzhou (disambiguation).
Jingzhou

荆州市

Kingchow
Prefecture-level city
Jingzhou old city wall.
Location of Jingzhou City jurisdiction in Hubei
Jingzhou
Location of the city center in Hubei
Coordinates (Jingzhou municipal government): 30°20′11″N 112°14′29″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHubei
Municipal seatShashi District
Area
 • Prefecture-level city14,068.68 km2 (5,431.95 sq mi)
 • Urban
 (2017)[2]
88.70 km2 (34.25 sq mi)
 • Districts[2]1,576.0 km2 (608.5 sq mi)
Population
 (2010)[1][3]
 • Prefecture-level city5,691,707
 • Density400/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
 • Urban
 (2017)[2]
856,600
 • Urban density9,700/km2 (25,000/sq mi)
 • Districts[2]
1,123,000
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 codeCN-HB-10
Licence plate prefixes鄂D
Websitejingzhou.gov.cn
Jingzhou
"Jingzhou", as written in Simplified Chinese
Simplified Chinese荆州
Traditional Chinese荊州
PostalKingchow

Jingzhou's central urban area has grown out of Shashi City and Jingzhou Town (historically also known as Jiangling); the names are preserved in the names of Shashi District and Jingzhou District, which include the city's historical center, as well as Jiangling County, which administers the suburban areas of the larger historical Jiangling.[4][5] "Shashi" also remains in the names of a number of local facilities, such as Shashi Airport and a railway freight station.

Geography and climate

Jingzhou occupies an area of 14,067 square kilometres (5,431 sq mi)[1] with a topography rising from east to west. It is covered by a dense network of waterways, as well as lakes, and is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River on the Jianghan Plain. Downstream to its east lies Wuhan, the provincial capital and to the west the city of Yichang, the Three Gorges, and finally Chongqing Municipality. Jingmen City, also in Hubei, lies to the north; to its south are Yueyang and Changde, both in Hunan Province.

Jingzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot, humid summers, and damp, chilly, but drier winters. Monthly daily average temperatures range from 4.1 °C (39.4 °F) in January to 28.0 °C (82.4 °F) in July. The area receives 1,800 to 2,000 hours of sunshine per year and has a frost-free period of 242−263 days annually.[6]

Climate data for Jingzhou (1971−2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.9
(71.4)		 25.0
(77.0)		 28.0
(82.4)		 33.1
(91.6)		 35.4
(95.7)		 37.2
(99.0)		 37.9
(100.2)		 38.6
(101.5)		 36.8
(98.2)		 33.2
(91.8)		 29.3
(84.7)		 21.1
(70.0)		 38.6
(101.5)
Average high °C (°F) 8.1
(46.6)		 10.2
(50.4)		 14.2
(57.6)		 21.1
(70.0)		 26.1
(79.0)		 29.3
(84.7)		 32.0
(89.6)		 32.0
(89.6)		 27.5
(81.5)		 22.4
(72.3)		 16.3
(61.3)		 10.8
(51.4)		 20.8
(69.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4)		 6.0
(42.8)		 10.1
(50.2)		 16.7
(62.1)		 21.6
(70.9)		 25.2
(77.4)		 28.0
(82.4)		 27.7
(81.9)		 23.0
(73.4)		 17.6
(63.7)		 11.7
(53.1)		 6.4
(43.5)		 16.5
(61.7)
Average low °C (°F) 0.9
(33.6)		 2.8
(37.0)		 6.6
(43.9)		 12.9
(55.2)		 17.9
(64.2)		 21.8
(71.2)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24.4
(75.9)		 19.6
(67.3)		 14.0
(57.2)		 8.0
(46.4)		 2.9
(37.2)		 13.0
(55.5)
Record low °C (°F) −14.9
(5.2)		 −9.2
(15.4)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 9.8
(49.6)		 13.0
(55.4)		 18.1
(64.6)		 17.5
(63.5)		 10.6
(51.1)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −3.0
(26.6)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 −14.9
(5.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29.6
(1.17)		 44.8
(1.76)		 75.4
(2.97)		 107.6
(4.24)		 140.8
(5.54)		 159.9
(6.30)		 151.2
(5.95)		 119.9
(4.72)		 89.3
(3.52)		 86.8
(3.42)		 55.2
(2.17)		 23.4
(0.92)		 1,083.9
(42.68)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 8.2 9.1 12.9 12.8 13.3 13.0 10.5 9.4 9.2 10.6 8.5 6.8 124.3
Source: Weather China[6]

Demographics

According to the 2010 Census, the prefecture-level city of Jingzhou has 5,691,707 inhabitants[1] and a population density of 405 inhabitants per km².[7]

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Jingzhou has jurisdiction over two districts, three county-level cities, three counties and one economic and technological development zone.[1][8][9] The information here presented uses the metric system and data from the 2010 Census.

Map
Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Area
(K㎡)		 Population
(2010)[1]		 Density
(/K㎡)
Jingzhou District 荆州区 Jīngzhōu Qū 1,046 553,756 529
Shashi District 沙市区 Shāshì Qū 469 498,526 1,063
Jingzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone[9][10] 荆州经济技术开发区 Jīngzhōu Jīngjì Jìshù Kāifāqū 101,804
Songzi City 松滋市 Sōngzī Shì 2,235 765,911 343
Shishou City 石首市 Shíshǒu Shì 1,427 577,022 404
Honghu City 洪湖市 Hónghú Shì 2,519 819,446 325
Jiangling County 江陵县 Jiānglíng Xiàn 1,032 331,344 321
Gong'an County 公安县 Gōng'ān Xiàn 2,258 881,128 390
Jianli City 监利市 Jiànlì Shì 3,118 1,162,770 373

History
A mummy discovered with all parts of the body, at the Jingzhou Museum

Jingzhou has been a transportation hub and commodity distribution center for 6,000 years. Situated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, this has been a strategic location of military importance since ancient times.

Ying, within the borders of present-day Jingzhou, was the capital of 20 kings over 411 years of the State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of the Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BCE).

The city was lost to Eastern Wu by Guan Yu during the Three Kingdoms period leading to the modern phrase '大意失荆州', literally 'carelessness lost Jingzhou'.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties period, it was the capital of the Western Liang. In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, it was the capital of Jingnan (the Nanping State).

Jingzhou was the site of one of the last major battles between Republican and Qing forces during the Xinhai Revolution in 1911. At the end of the Qing dynasty, Jingzhou had one of the largest Manchu populations, around half of the city, anywhere outside Beijing.[11]

Sights

Numerous sites have been preserved from the Chu State period, including the ruins of five Chu cities, 73 sites featuring Chu Culture and more than 800 ancient tombs, including those of 18 Chu kings.

There are also historical sites dating to the Three Kingdoms period, such as the Wulin Battlefield (where the Battle of Red Cliffs took place) and the Huarong Path.

Jingzhou Museum

The city walls were rebuilt in 1646 and measure 9 metres (30 ft) high and 10 metres (33 ft) thick. The perimeter of the wall extends for 10.17 kilometres (6.32 mi). The city walls, city gates, watchtowers, and battlements have all been well maintained. Many of the towers on top of the majestic city gates have been damaged or rebuilt, leaving only the Chaozong Tower which was rebuilt in 1838 on the Gongji Gate.

The Jingzhou Museum has on display a well-preserved 2,000-year-old male corpse. Also on display are silk and lacquerware from the Warring States period.

Cuisine

Jingzhou cuisine's most famous two dishes are rice noodles and guokui.

Transportation

Sister cities
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See also
  • 1954 Yangtze River Floods

References
  1. 荆州市历史沿革 [Jingzhou City Historical Development] (in Chinese). XZQH.org. 6 August 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2018. 全市国土面积14067平方千米{...}2010年第六次人口普查，荆州市常住总人口5691707人，其中：沙市区600330人，荆州区553756人，公安县881128人，监利县1162770人，江陵县331344人，石首市577022人，洪湖市819446人，松滋市765911人。
  2. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 66. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  3. http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-hubei-admin.php
  4. 历史沿革. Jingzhou People's Government. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  5. 历史沿革. Jiangling County Government. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  6. 荆州城市介绍 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
  7. 上饶市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报 [Bulletin of the Data of the Sixth National Census of Shangrao City in 2010] (in Chinese). Shangrao Bureau of Statistics. 16 June 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-06-22.
  8. 2016年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：荆州市 [2016 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Jingzhou City]. National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2018. 统计用区划代码 名称 421001000000 市辖区 421002000000 沙市区 421003000000 荆州区 421022000000 公安县 421023000000 监利县 421024000000 江陵县 421081000000 石首市 421083000000 洪湖市 421087000000 松滋市
  9. 城市概况 (in Chinese). 荆州市政府办公室 荆州市政府政务公开和电子信息办公室 荆州新闻网 荆州日报 荆州电视台 荆州人民广播电台. Retrieved 11 June 2018. 荆州区 沙市区 江陵县 松滋市 公安县 石首市 监利县 洪湖市 荆州经济技术开发区
  10. http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hb/37311.html
  11. Edward J. M. Rhoads. Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early. p. 198.
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