Hucknall

Hucknall, formerly Hucknall Torkard, is a town in the Ashfield district of Nottinghamshire, England. It was historically a centre for framework knitting and then for mining, but is now a focus for other industries and a dormitory town for Nottingham. It was the site where Rolls-Royce made the first demonstration of a vertical take-off plane. It is also the final resting place of Lord Byron in 1824 and of his estranged daughter, the mathematician and pioneer computer programmer Ada Lovelace in 1852.

Hucknall

Tram 212 at Hucknall in the first week of operation of modern trams (March 2004)
Hucknall
Location within Nottinghamshire
Area7.913 km2 (3.055 sq mi)
Population32,107 (2011 census)[1]
• Density4,058/km2 (10,510/sq mi)
OS grid referenceSK 53434 49300
District
  • Ashfield
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townNottingham
Postcode districtNG15
Dialling code0115
PoliceNottinghamshire
FireNottinghamshire
AmbulanceEast Midlands
UK Parliament

Geography

Hucknall is 7 miles (11 km) north-west of Nottingham, on the west bank of the Leen Valley, on land which rises from the Trent Valley in the south to the hills of the county north of Kirkby-in-Ashfield. The Whyburn or Town Brook flows through the town centre. Farleys Brook marks its southern boundary.

The town's highest point is Long Hill, at 460 ft (140 m) above sea level, with views over the city and Trent Valley, which descends to 22–24 metres (72–79 ft) AOD, flowing just beyond most of the city centre.[2]

The town is surrounded by farmland or parkland. To the north-west lie Misk Hills and Annesley. To the north-east of the town are the villages of Linby and Papplewick, and beyond these two, Newstead Abbey and its grounds, once the residence of Lord Byron. To the west lies Eastwood, birthplace of D. H. Lawrence and an inspiration for many of his novels and short stories. To the east of the town is Bestwood Country Park.

The contiguous settlements of Butler's Hill and Westville often appear as distinct entities on maps, but are generally seen as parts of Hucknall. They belong to its historic and present-day Church of England parish, although the town itself has no civil parish council. The identity is reinforced by being part of the post town and by being shared wards of Hucknall.

History

Hucknall was once a thriving market town. Its focal point is the parish church of St. Mary Magdalene, next to the town's market square.

The church was built by the Anglo-Saxons and completed after the Norman Conquest, though its medieval chancel, nave, north aisle and tower were much restored and enlarged in the Victorian period.[3] In 1872 a south aisle was added and in 1887 unusually long transepts, while the rest of the building apart from the tower was thoroughly restored. The top tower stage and the south porch are 14th-century. There are 25 stained-glass windows by Charles Eamer Kempe, installed mostly in the 1880s, and a modest memorial to Lord Byron.[4]

From 1295 until 1915, the town was known as Hucknall Torkard, taken from Torcard, the name of a dominant landowning family. Signs of the earlier name can be seen on some older buildings.

During the 19th and 20th centuries, coal was discovered and mined heavily throughout the Leen Valley, which includes Hucknall. This brought increased wealth to the town and construction of three railway lines. The first was the Midland Railway (later part of the LMS) line from Nottingham to Mansfield and Worksop, closed to passengers on 12 October 1964 though partly retained as a freight route serving collieries at Hucknall, Linby and Annesley. The Hucknall station on this line was known as Hucknall Byron in its latter years. In the 1990s the line was reopened to passengers in stages as the Robin Hood Line, the section through Hucknall in 1993, with a new station on the site of the old "Byron", though simply called Hucknall. The second was the Great Northern Railway (later part of the LNER) route up the Leen Valley and on to Shirebrook, serving many of the same places as the Midland south of Annesley. It closed to passengers on 14 September 1931, but remained in freight use until 25 March 1968. The station on this line was known as Hucknall Town. The third was the Great Central Railway (also later part of the LNER), the last main line built from the north of England to London, opened on 15 March 1899. The stretch through Hucknall closed fully on 5 September 1966, but Hucknall Central station had closed earlier, on 4 March 1963.

From 1894 until 1974 Hucknall was the seat of Hucknall Urban District Council. With the abolition of the UDC, local government was transferred to Ashfield.

In 1956 the Church of St Peter and St Paul, Hucknall was built to serve western parts of Hucknall.

Toponomy

Hucknall was recorded as Hokeuhale (n.d.) and Hokenale (n.d.), suggesting “nook of land of Hōcanere” (a tribe), from Old English halh (haugh). This same tribe's name occurs in Hook Norton, Oxfordshire. It has been suggested that the name Hucknall once referred to a larger area on the Nottinghamshire/Derbyshire border. Two other settlements in the locality are called Hucknall; Hucknall-under-Huthwaite, in Nottinghamshire, (known today as Huthwaite) and Ault Hucknall in Derbyshire. It is likely that Hucknall Torkard marked the southern boundary of this larger Hucknall Area.[5]

In the Domesday Book (AD 1086) the name appears as Hochenale (volume 1, pp. 288–290).

Heritage

The Hucknall Tourism and Regeneration Group (http://www.htrg.co.uk/) has a mission statement: "To help Hucknall regain its position as a strong, viable and prosperous town. To retain the historical legacy of the town and surrounding area. To attract visitors and boost the local economy by raising awareness of our heritage to both visitors and residents alike."

The Hucknall Tourism and Regeneration Group (HTRG) was inaugurated in 2002. It consists of people from all aspects of Hucknall life, who have a desire to help regenerate the town, primarily through tourism, after the devastating loss of the mining industry and large portions of the textile industry. Members of the group include residents, business owners, volunteer workers and councillors. HTRG works with other well-established organisations such as the Hucknall Round Table,[6] the Rotary Club of Hucknall,[7] Hucknall Heritage Society,[8] the Eric Coates Society,[9] St Mary Magdalene Church, Ashfield District Council [10] Nottinghamshire County Council, Hucknall Library and volunteer organisations, to prevent duplication of work and ensure the town is working together.

The group seeks opportunities to promote the town through radio interviews, newspaper coverage, street exhibitions, events, leaflets and posters. Heritage trails have been designed, one for the town centre and a 20-mile (32 km) circular trail. To complement these trails, leaflets have been produced and free guided walks/bus tours take place throughout the spring and summer months.

The town centre was pedestrianised in 2017, and an inner relief road opened from Annesley Road through to Station Street.

Transport

The town is the northern terminus for the Nottingham Express Transit tram system and has a station on the Robin Hood Line. There is also a tram stop at Butler's Hill/Broomhill. The town used to be on the A611, but this now bypasses it to the west with a single-carriageway road with roundabouts and access to junction 27 of the M1, some 3 miles (5 km) away. The tram line was built in 2002–2004 and currently runs from Hucknall to the Toton Lane terminus.

Since 2015, Nottingham Express Transit operations moved their stop at Nottingham Station, with trams now passing through to Clifton South and Toton Lane.

Hucknall was previously served by the Great Central Main Line with a station. It closed in 1963 and the line in 1967. The site is now occupied by housing and a doctors surgery.

Education

The National Academy was founded in 1788 by Frederick Ward and originally located at the southern end of Annesley Road.[11] It relocated in the 1970s to a new build still on Annesley Road but at the north end of the town, near the roundabout of the B6011 road.[12] The National School has a large science block with 10 labs and an astro-turf playing area, both opened in 2004 by Princess Anne. The school has an eco-friendly building. It is now an Academy.

The Holgate Academy is on Hillcrest Drive in Beauvale, to the west of the bypass.[13] It has an athletics track.[14]

Holy Cross Catholic Voluntary Academy is in Leen Mills Lane, next to Leen Mills Primary School. It is a feeder primary school to Christ The King Academy in Arnold. It was voted third best school in Nottinghamshire in 2014 and in 2015.

Hucknall Sixth Form Centre is on Portland Road, near the Byron Bingo Club, and now houses for The National Academy and The Holgate Academy collaborative sixth form. The building was previously home to New College Nottingham.

Trading

Hucknall's Tesco superstore opened in 2003, creating a number of jobs for the town. In 2008, the store was extended to make it a Tesco Extra store.[15] A Tesco Express store was opened in early January 2009 in Annesley Road.

Other shop branches in Hucknall include Wilkos, Card Warehouse, Argos, B&M Bargains, Fulton's Foods, Home Bargains, Bird's Bakery (http://www.birdsbakery.com), Boots, Peacocks, Specsavers, Iceland, Aldi, Co-Operative Food, and Sainsbury's. Independent local retailers include Branson's DIY store and Aquatic centre,[16] Lawrence Severn and Son Ltd, butchers,[17] and SP Electronics computer services.[18] A bus or a tram ride takes customers to Morrisons in nearby Bulwell.

On 14 February 2014 Costa Coffee opened a branch on Hucknall High Street; the unit's job advert attracted over 1,300 applicants.[19]

Barclays and Lloyds have branch banks in the High Street; NatWest, HSBC and Yorkshire customers now have limited service via the Post Office.[20]

Hucknall has a Friday Market in the newly pedestrianised High Street. Ashfield District Council has more recently agreed to run a Saturday market too.[21]

A new branch of McDonald's opened in the town in November 2019.[22] The development cost £1,000,000.[23] Permission for the new branch was initially rejected by an Ashfield District Council planning committee due to concerns about the potential for noise, anti-social behaviour, smells and litter.[24] However, McDonald's appealed against the decision in April 2018, which was overruled by the Planning Inspectorate in April 2019.[25]

Industry
Bronze statue commemorating the lost mining industry, to be seen near Hucknall tram and railway station. The main figure is on top of a Davy lamp, whilst another collier is depicted hewing coal inside the lamp glass.

Mining

Hucknall was a colliery town from 1861 to 1986. The sinking of the mines caused Hucknall to grow into a market town in under a century. The Hucknall Colliery Company, formed in 1861, sank two shafts, Hucknall No. 1 colliery (Top Pit) in 1861 off Watnall Road (closed 1943), and Hucknall No. 2 colliery (Bottom Pit) in 1866 off Portland Road (closed 1986).

Rolls-Royce

Hucknall Airfield, built in 1916, became RAF Hucknall. From 1927, Rolls-Royce began using the airfield for flight tests. During World War II, the aerodrome at Hucknall launched the first flight of a P-51 Mustang fitted with a Rolls-Royce Merlin Engine. The Merlin, replacing the earlier Allison V-1710 engine, allowed the Mustang air frame to reach its full potential and achieve spectacular high-altitude performance.

In the early 1950s, the Rolls-Royce site at Hucknall developed the world's first vertical-takeoff jet aircraft – actually a test rig, officially called the Thrust Measuring Rig, but soon nicknamed the Flying Bedstead because of its shape. The first untethered flight, piloted by Capt. Ron Shepherd, took place on 3 August 1954 before a distinguished audience. The rig rose slowly into the air and hovered steadily. It moved forward, made a circuit of the area, then demonstrated sideways and backwards movements, before making a successful landing. The flight was followed over the next four months by a number of free flights up to a height of 50 ft. There were pubs in Hucknall called The Flying Bedstead and The Harrier. Rolls-Royce's flight test centre closed in 1971, but engines were tested there until late 2008. Some components are still manufactured at the site.

In December 1940, during World War II, a German prisoner-of-war, Franz von Werra, attempted to escape by posing as a Dutch pilot and flying off in a Hurricane fighter. He was arrested at gunpoint as he sat in the cockpit trying to learn the controls, and returned to his camp in Swanwick, Derbyshire. Franz von Werra was eventually the only German PoW to succeed in returning to Germany, when he escaped from Canada to the United States, then to Mexico and into South America, over a period from January to April 1941. His exploits feature in the film The One That Got Away.

Textiles

Framework knitting was once the predominant industry in Hucknall.

Garden products

Among the bigger firms in Hucknall is Doff Portland, one of the UK's largest independent maker of insecticides, weedkillers, pesticides, fertilisers and garden products, sold through garden centres, DIY retailers and retail multiples, and one of Europe's largest producer of premium slug killer pellets. It also offers contract formulating and packing services.[26]

Notable people
St Mary Magdalene church is the final resting place of Lord Byron and his daughter, Ada Lovelace.

Brass band

The Hucknall and Linby Mining Community Brass Band formed in late 2008 after players from the Newstead Abbey Brass Band sought autonomy. It is conducted by Paul Whyley. At the time, the town lacked a band after Hucknall and Linby Miners' Welfare Band moved out to become Newstead Brass. It plays a parish-church concert every Christmas, and around the local area throughout the year.

Cinema

The Byron Cinema, an Art Deco building designed by the local architect Alfred J Thraves, opened on 2 November 1936. It originally boasted a sweeping, curved façade of Thraves' favoured sandstock bricks and Portland stone, with a vertical tower to the right of centre, faced in cream terracotta tiles. Much was also made in the cinema's publicity of a canopy "provided to protect our patrons during bad weather."

The Hucknall Dispatch newspaper was enthusiastic about the 1,189-seater facility: "The consensus of opinion was that it's a delightful house of rest and amusement, the seating being conducive to the utmost comfort, whilst the projection was without fault for the first time, so perfect has the art become in these days." Manager R. L. Kemp told the paper, "The Byron projection room fills us with great pride and the management cordially invite any of our patrons who so desire to view the projection room. 'Wide Range' is the latest improvement developed by Western Electric engineers. It will be remembered that Western Electric were the pioneers of talking pictures and Wide Range is their latest scientific achievement."

On 13 October 1967, the Byron closed as a single-screen cinema and the building was split. The stalls area was turned into a bingo club that featured in the Shane Meadows film "Once Upon A Time In The Midlands", wherein Kathy Burke and Vanessa Feltz came to blows in the foyer. The upstairs balcony became a 404-seat cinema, which re-opened on 31 December 1967 with the James Bond epic "You Only Live Twice". It finally closed its doors in June 2006 and was bought in October 2018 by an Irish commercial property firm, Melcorpo, for a price believed to be £360,000.[33] The new owners reopened to the public as The Arc Cinema Hucknall.[34] After initially planning to open its doors in October 2019, Melcorpo had to scrap the plans due to delays.[35] Construction and refurbishment were still underway in January 2020. It was scheduled to open in March 2020 as a four-screen, two-floor multiplex cinema.[36]

Sport

The town's senior football team is Hucknall Town F.C.. Founded in 1945 as a colliery team (Hucknall Colliery Welfare FC), it changed its name in 1987 after closure of the pit.[37] It rose steadily through the non-league pyramid, winning the Northern Premier League title in 2003/2004, with promotion to Conference North, just two leagues below the Football League). It reached the final of the FA Trophy in 2005. However, financial difficulties in 2009 led to demotion to the Central Midlands Football League for the 2013/2014 season.

The works football team of Rolls-Royce was formed in 1935 and has undergone many name changes. In 2009 it formed again as Hucknall Rolls Leisure F.C. and by 2013 was competing in the Nottinghamshire Senior League.

Hucknall Cricket Club, founded in 1890, currently has 1st, 2nd and 3rd XIs in various sections of the South Notts Cricket League.[38]

Hucknall Sports Youth Club, formed in 1977 as Riden Sports, is one of the largest such clubs in Nottinghamshire. Its Founder President, Derek Day, won the Nottinghamshire FA Community award in 2012 for his contribution to junior football over more than 30 years.

Hucknall junior parkrun started on 27 March 2016 at Titchfield Park, as the first in the ADC area of Nottinghamshire, with 69 runners on the inaugural run.

Local radio

Local DJ, Paul Jenner, and his schoolteacher brother, Steve, brought local commercial radio to Hucknall in the 1980s. WHAM ("Wonderful Hucknall AM") operated for several 28-day periods on Restricted Service Licences. The brothers are now part-owners of High Peak Radio and Ashbourne Radio, permanent independent local radio stations in Derbyshire.

Twin town
gollark: We can call it Eggo.
gollark: <:dcegg:325264593536679937> <- the lone egg
gollark: iH
gollark: Somehow, "Closed Timelike Curve" wasn't taken. I gave it to my chronoxenowyrm.
gollark: I was even probably going to hunt in the forest.

References
  1. Brinkhoff, Thomas (7 July 2013). "Arnold (Nottinghamshire)". City Population. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  2. Ordnance survey website
  3. St. Mary Magdelene parish church, accessed 25 September 2008.
  4. Pevsner, N. (1951) Nottinghamshire. Harmondsworth: Penguin; pp. 85–86.
  5. huthwaite-online Archived 14 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  11. Hucknall Torkard History Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  12. National School Technology College
  13. Holgate Comprehensive School site Archived 13 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  14. athletics track
  15. Tesco branch site Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  16. – a family-run business for over 50 years.
  18. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  19. Invest Ashfield Mansfield Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  20. "Everyday Banking | Personal & Business Accounts | Post Office®". www.postoffice.co.uk. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  21. Ashfield DC Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  22. Reid, Ben (29 November 2019). "New McDonald's officially opens in Hucknall – creating 70 jobs". nottinghampost. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  23. "Practical Completion achieved at McDonald's Hucknall". Conlon Construction. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  24. Pittam, David (29 September 2017). "Plans for new Hucknall McDonald's rejected". nottinghampost. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  25. Ram, Phoebe (5 April 2019). "McDonald's wins appeal for new drive-thru in Hucknall – creating up to 65 jobs". nottinghampost. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  26. Doff site.
  27. more information about his life by one of his descendants Archived 15 December 2004 at the Wayback Machine, not currently working.
  28. Eric Coates, Robert Farnon Society, accessed 5 May 2015
  29. .
  30. Zachariah Green Memorial Drinking Fountain Archived 13 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Ashfield District Council, accessed 25 September 2008.
  31. "Olympic athlete Andy Turner burgled during mum's funeral". bbc.co.uk. 8 November 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
  32. "Sam Widdowson". EnglandStats.com. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  33. "Work starts on Byron Cinema amid worries that heritage could be destroyed". www.hucknalldispatch.co.uk. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  34. "Arc Cinema Hucknall". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  35. "Work starts on Byron Cinema amid worries that heritage could be destroyed". www.hucknalldispatch.co.uk. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  36. "Hucknall's new cinema will be ready in March, say owners". www.hucknalldispatch.co.uk. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  37. Hucknall Town FC
  38. Hucknall Cricket Club.
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