Hour record

The hour record is the record for the longest distance cycled in one hour on a bicycle from a stationary start. Cyclists attempt this record alone on the track without other competitors present. It is considered one of the most prestigious records in cycling. Since it was first set, cyclists ranging from unknown amateurs to well-known professionals have held the record, adding to its prestige and allure. There is now one unified record for upright bicycles meeting the requirements of the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Hour-record attempts for UCI bikes are made in a velodrome.

For the hour record in athletics, see One hour run. For the hour record in non-upright bicycles, see Hour record (recumbents).

Early hour records (until 1972)

James Moore who set the first recorded hour record of 23.3 km in 1873

The first universally accepted record was in 1876 when the American Frank Dodds rode 26.508 km (16.471 mi) on a penny-farthing.[1] The first recorded distance[2] was set in 1873 by James Moore in Wolverhampton, riding an Ariel 49" high wheel (1.2 m) bicycle; however, the distance was recorded at exactly 14.5 miles (23.3 km), leading to the theory that the distance was just approximated and not accurately measured.[3]

The first officially recognised record was set by Henri Desgrange at the Buffalo Velodrome, Paris in 1893 following the formation of the International Cycling Association, the forerunner of the modern-day UCI. Throughout the run up to the First World War, the record was broken on five occasions by Frenchmen Oscar Egg and Marcel Berthet, and due to the attempts being highly popular and guaranteeing rich attendances, it is said that each ensured he did not beat the record by too much of a margin, enabling further lucrative attempts by the other.[nb 1]

The hour was attempted sporadically over the following 70 years, with most early attempts taking place at the Buffalo Velodrome in Paris, before the Velodromo Vigorelli in Milan became popular in 1930s and 1940s sparking attempts from leading Italian riders and former Giro d'Italia winners such as Fausto Coppi and Ercole Baldini. Coppi's record set in 1942, during the Second World War, despite Milan being bombed nightly by Allied forces, was eventually broken in 1956 by Jacques Anquetil on his third attempt. In 1967, 11 years later, Anquetil again broke the hour record, with 47.493 km (29.511 mi), but the record was disallowed because he refused to take the newly introduced post-race doping test.[4] He had objected to what he saw as the indignity of having to urinate in a tent in front of a crowded velodrome and said he would take the test later at his hotel. The international judge ruled against the idea, and a scuffle ensued that involved Anquetil's manager, Raphaël Géminiani. In 1968, Ole Ritter broke the record in Mexico City, the first attempt at altitude since Willie Hamilton in 1898.

The women's hour record was first established in 1893 by Mlle de Saint-Sauveur at the Vélodrome Buffalo in Paris, setting a total distance of 26.012 km (16.163 mi). The record was improved several times over the next years, until Louise Roger reached 34.684 km (21.552 mi) in 1897 also at Vélodrome Buffalo.[5] In 1911, Alfonsina Strada set a new women's record of 37.192 km (23.110 mi).[6] From 1947 to 1954, Élyane Bonneau and Jeannine Lemaire set several new hour records, the last of which was 39.735 km (24.690 mi) by Lemaire in 1952. The first women's hour record approved by the UCI was by Tamara Novikova in 1955.

Historical hour records

Men's historical hour records (1873–1972) (UCI official records from 1893) Date Rider Location Distance (km) Increase (m) 1873 James Moore Molyneaux Grounds, Wolverhampton, England 23.331 - 25 March 1876 Frank Dodds Cambridge University Ground[7][nb 2] 26.508 3,177 2 August 1882 Herbert Liddell Cortis England 32.454 5,946 1887 Jules Dubois London, England 34.217 1,763 11 May 1893 Henri Desgrange Buffalo, Paris 35.325 1,108 31 October 1894 Jules Dubois Buffalo, Paris 38.220 2,895 30 July 1897 Oscar Van den Eynde Vincennes, Paris 39.240 1,020 3 July 1898 Willie Hamilton Colorado Springs, USA 40.781 1,541 24 August 1905 Lucien Petit-Breton Buffalo, Paris 41.110 329 20 June 1907 Marcel Berthet Paris 41.520 410 22 August 1912 Oscar Egg Paris 42.122 (Revised to 42.360) 602 22 July 1913 Richard Weise Berlin, Germany 42.276 [nb 3] 7 August 1913 Marcel Berthet Paris 42.741 619 21 August 1913 Oscar Egg Paris 43.525 784 20 September 1913 Marcel Berthet Paris 43.775 250 18 August 1914 Oscar Egg Paris 44.247 471[nb 4] 7 July 1933 Francis Faure Disqualified 1 April 1934 45.055 808 25 August 1933 Jan van Hout Roermond 44.588 388 28 September 1933 Maurice Richard Sint-Truiden, Belgium 44.777 189 31 October 1935 Giuseppe Olmo Velodromo Vigorelli, Milan 45.090 313 14 October 1936 Maurice Richard Vigorelli, Milan 45.325 235 29 September 1937 Frans Slaats Vigorelli, Milan 45.485 160 3 November 1937 Maurice Archambaud Vigorelli, Milan 45.767 282 7 November 1942 Fausto Coppi Vigorelli, Milan 45.798 31 29 June 1956 Jacques Anquetil Vigorelli, Milan 46.159 369 19 September 1956 Ercole Baldini Vigorelli, Milan 46.394 235 18 September 1957 Roger Rivière Vigorelli, Milan 46.923 529 23 September 1959 Roger Rivière Vigorelli, Milan 47.347 424 27 September 1967 Jacques Anquetil Vigorelli, Milan 47.493 [nb 5] 30 October 1967 Ferdi Bracke Olympic Velodrome, Rome 48.093 746 10 October 1968 Ole Ritter Mexico City 48.653 560 25 October 1972 Eddy Merckx Mexico City 49.431 778

Women's historical hour records (1955–1972) Date Rider Location Distance (km) Increase (m) 7 July 1955 Tamara Novikova Irkoutsk, Russia 38.473 - 18 September 1957 Renee Vissac Velodromo Vigorelli, Milan, Italy 38.569 96 25 September 1958 Millie Robinson Vigorelli Velodrome, Milan, Italy 39.719 1,150 9 November 1958 Elsy Jacobs Vigorelli Velodrome, Milan, Italy 41.347 1,628

UCI hour record (1972–2014)

1972–1984: Merckx, Moser and new technology

Eddy Merckx's 1972 hour record steel-framed bike

In 1972, Eddy Merckx set a new hour record at 49.431 km (30.715 mi) in Mexico City at an altitude of 2,300 m (7,500 ft) where he proclaimed it to have been "the hardest ride I have ever done".[8]

The record would stand for 12 years until in January 1984, Francesco Moser set a new record at 51.151 km (31.784 mi). This was the first noted use of disc wheels, which provided an aerodynamic gain as well as Moser wearing a skin suit. Moser's record would eventually be moved in 1997 to "best human effort" [8]

1990s: non-traditional riding positions

In 1993 and 1994, Graeme Obree, who built his own bikes, posted two records with his hands tucked under his chest. In 1994, Moser set the veteran's record at 51.840 km (32.212 mi)[9] in Mexico City. Moser beat his 1984 record, using bullhorn handlebars, steel airfoil tubing, disk wheels and skinsuit. It was also faster than Obree's first record in 1993. Following the outlawing of the "praying mantis" style by the UCI in May 1994, Spaniard Miguel Indurain and Swiss Tony Rominger broke the record using a more traditional tri-bar setup with Rominger setting a distance of 55.291 km.

The Lotus 108 bicycle, a forerunner to the Lotus 110 Chris Boardman used to set a new hour record of 56.375 km (35.030 mi) in 1996.

Chris Boardman took up the challenge using a modified version of the Lotus 110 bicycle, a successor to the earlier Lotus 108 bicycle he'd ridden to victory at the 1992 Olympic Games. South African company Aerodyne Technology built the frame. Boardman set the UCI Absolute record of 56.375 km (35.030 mi) in 1996, using another position pioneered by Obree, his arms out in front in a "Superman" position. This too was considered controversial by the UCI, and while the record was allowed to stand, the position was banned making Boardman's record set in 1996 effectively unbeatable using traditional bike position.[8]

1997 UCI rule change

With the increasing gap between modern bicycles and what was available at the time of Merckx's record, the UCI established two records in 1997:

• UCI Hour Record: which restricted competitors to roughly the same equipment as Merckx, banning time trial helmets, disc or tri-spoke wheels, aerodynamic bars and monocoque frames.
• Best Human Effort: also known as the UCI "Absolute" Record[8] in which modern equipment was permitted.

As a result of the 1997 rule change, all records since 1972, including Boardman's 56.375 km (35.030 mi) in 1996, were moved to Best Human Effort and the distance of Eddy Merckx set in 1972 once more became the official UCI benchmark. In 2000, Boardman attempted the UCI record on a traditional bike, and rode 49.441 km (30.721 mi), topping Merckx by 10 metres (32.8 ft), an improvement of 0.02%.

In 2005, Ondřej Sosenka improved Boardman's performance at 49.700 km (30.882 mi) using a 54×13 gear. However, Sosenka failed a doping control in 2001 and then again in 2008, the latter resulting in a career-ending suspension which puts in doubt the validity of his record. All women's records from 1986 to 1996 were recategorized to Best Human Effort.

Hour record holders (men's)

UCI hour record (1972–2014)[10][11]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Equipment
25 October 1972	Eddy Merckx	27	Agustín Melgar (333 meters outdoor concrete high-altitude), Mexico City, Mexico	49.431	Drop handlebar, round steel tubing frame, wire spokes.
27 October 2000	Chris Boardman	32	Manchester Velodrome (250 meters indoor wood sea-level), Manchester, UK	49.441	Drop handlebar, carbon fibre tubing frame, wire spokes.
19 July 2005	Ondřej Sosenka	29	Krylatskoye (333 meters indoor wood sea-level), Moscow, Russia	49.700	Drop handlebar, carbon fibre tubing frame, wire spokes.

UCI best human effort (1984–2014)[10][11]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Equipment
19 January 1984	Francesco Moser	32	Agustín Melgar (333 meters outdoor concrete high-altitude), Mexico City, Mexico	50.808	Bullhorn handlebar, oval steel tubing frame, disc wheels.
23 January 1984	Francesco Moser	32	Agustín Melgar (333 meters outdoor concrete high-altitude), Mexico City, Mexico	51.151	Bullhorn handlebar, oval steel tubing frame, disc wheels.
17 July 1993	Graeme Obree	27	Vikingskipet (250 meters indoor wood sea-level), Hamar, Norway	51.596	Graeme Obree-style "praying mantis" handlebar, round steel tubing frame, carbon tri-spoke wheels.
23 July 1993	Chris Boardman	24	Velodrome du Lac (250 meters indoor wood sea-level), Bordeaux, France	52.270	Triathlon handlebar, carbon airfoil tubing frame, carbon 4-spoke wheels.
27 April 1994	Graeme Obree	28	Velodrome du Lac (250 meters indoor wood sea-level), Bordeaux, France	52.713	Graeme Obree-style "praying mantis" handlebar, round steel tubing frame, carbon tri-spoke wheels.
2 September 1994	Miguel Indurain	30	Velodrome du Lac (250 meters indoor wood sea-level), Bordeaux, France	53.040	Wide triathlon handlebar, carbon monocoque aero frame, disc wheels.
22 October 1994	Tony Rominger	33	Velodrome du Lac (250 meters indoor wood sea-level), Bordeaux, France	53.832	Triathlon handlebar, oval steel tubing frame, disc wheels.
5 November 1994	Tony Rominger	33	Velodrome du Lac (250 meters indoor wood sea-level), Bordeaux, France	55.291	Triathlon handlebar, oval steel tubing frame, disc wheels.
6 September 1996	Chris Boardman	28	Manchester Velodrome (250 meters indoor wood sea-level), Manchester, UK	56.375	Graeme Obree "superman-style" handlebar, carbon monocoque aero frame, 5-spoke front and rear disc wheel.

Hour record holders (women's)

UCI hour record (1972–2014) [12]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Equipment
25 November 1972	Maria Cressari	28	Agustín Melgar Olympic Velodrome, Mexico City, Mexico	41.471	4.7-kilogram Colnago, drop handlebars, wire spokes.[13]
16 September 1978	Keetie van Oosten	29	Munich, Germany	43.082	RIH superlight steel frame, drop handlebars, wire spokes.[14][15]
18 October 2000	Anna Wilson-Millward	26	Vodafone Arena, Melbourne, Australia	43.501	Perkins, Columbus steel tubing, box section rims, wire spokes
5 November 2000	Jeannie Longo-Ciprelli	42	Agustín Melgar Olympic Velodrome, Mexico City, Mexico	44.767	Drop handlebar, steel tubing frame, wire spokes.
7 December 2000	Jeannie Longo-Ciprelli	42	Agustín Melgar, Mexico City, Mexico	45.094	Drop handlebar, steel tubing frame, wire spokes.
1 October 2003	Leontien Zijlaard-van Moorsel	33	Agustín Melgar, Mexico City, Mexico	46.065	Drop handlebar, Koga chromoly tubing frame, box section rims, wire spokes[16]

UCI best human effort (1986–2014) [12]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Equipment
20 September 1986	Jeannie Longo-Ciprelli	27	Colorado Springs, United States	44.770
23 September 1987	Jeannie Longo-Ciprelli	28	Colorado Springs, United States	44.933
1 October 1989	Jeannie Longo-Ciprelli	30	Agustín Melgar Olympic Velodrome, Mexico City, Mexico	46.352
29 April 1995	Catherine Marsal	24	Bordeaux, France	47.112	Corima carbon composite bicycle. Corima 12 spoke/Corima disc wheels. Tri-Bar.[17]
17 June 1995	Yvonne McGregor	34	Manchester, England	47.411	Terry Dolan bicycle. Cinelli tri-bar, Corima disc wheels
26 October 1996	Jeannie Longo-Ciprelli	38	Agustín Melgar Olympic Velodrome, Mexico City, Mexico	48.159

UCI unified hour record (2014–present)

Unified rule change (2014)

The bike used by Jens Voigt in the first attempt under the unified regulations in 2014

Former hour record holder Bradley Wiggins, pictured here at the 2013 UCI Road World Championships

In 2014, the UCI unified the two classifications into a single classification in line with regulations for current track pursuit bikes. Records previously removed for Chris Boardman and Graeme Obree were returned, however the benchmark record would remain at 49.7 km (30.9 mi) set in 2005 by Ondrej Sosenka, even though that was not the farthest distance.[18][19] Under the new regulations riders may use any bike allowed by the UCI standards for endurance track events in place at the time of the attempt.[20]

Riders are required to be part of the athlete biological passport program.[21] However, of the men to attempt the record since the rule change, only four were on a UCI World Tour team at the time: Jens Voigt of Trek Factory Racing[22], Rohan Dennis of the BMC Racing Team, Alex Dowsett of the Movistar Team, and Victor Campenaerts of Lotto Soudal. Matthias Brändle was with IAM Cycling, then a UCI Professional Continental team. Jack Bobridge was on Team Budget Forklifts, an Australian UCI Continental team. Thomas Dekker had been released from World Tour team Garmin-Sharp several months before. Gustav Larsson was riding for the Professional Continental team Cult Energy Pro Cycling, whilst Bradley Wiggins had left the World Tour's Team Sky shortly before his attempt, which was made in the colours of his own UCI Continental outfit WIGGINS.

So far, 19 attempts have been made for the men's record, six successfully, while seven attempts have been made on the women's record, four of them successfully.

Unified hour record attempts (men's)

Following the change in the rules, German Jens Voigt became the first rider to attempt the hour, on 18 September 2014 at the Velodrome Suisse, Grenchen, Switzerland.[23][24] He set a new record of 51.110 km (31.758 mi), beating the previous record set by Sosenka by 1.41 km (0.88 mi).[8] On 30 October 2014, Matthias Brändle set a new record of 51.852 km (32.219 mi) at the World Cycling Center in Aigle, Switzerland.

Further attempts by Australians Jack Bobridge, Rohan Dennis, and the Dutchman Thomas Dekker came within a few weeks, between 31 January and 25 February 2015. Dennis was the only one of the three to set a new record, and in doing so was the first rider to cover more than 52 kilometres (32.3 mi). Dekker's attempt at the Aguascalientes Bicentenary Velodrome was the first attempt to take place at appreciable altitude. Aguascalientes is at 1,890 m (6,200 ft) above sea level, while Melbourne is at only 31 m (102 ft), and, although in Switzerland, Grenchen and Aigle are at 451 m (1,480 ft) and 415 m (1,362 ft), and not in the mountains. High altitude is thought to result in faster times, providing the rider takes the time to acclimatise to the conditions.[25] This is because the air density decreases with an increase in altitude, which reduces the aerodynamic drag.[26]

Having postponed an earlier scheduled attempt due to a broken collarbone incurred in a crash while training, British cyclist Alex Dowsett exceeded Dennis' mark, with a new record of 52.937 km (32.894 mi), at Manchester Velodrome on 2 May 2015.[27]

On 7 June 2015, Sir Bradley Wiggins broke Dowsett's record, by completing a distance of 54.526 km (33.881 mi) at the Lee Valley VeloPark in London.[28]

On 16 April 2019 Victor Campenaerts was the first to exceed 55km/h by completing a distance of 55.089 km (34.231 mi) at the Velodromo Bicentenario in Aguascalientes.[29]

Men's UCI hour record attempts and record holders (since the rule revision in 2014)[10][11]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
18 September 2014	Jens Voigt	43	Velodrome Suisse, Grenchen, Switzerland	51.110 (New record)	Trek Bicycle Corporation[30]	Triathlon handlebar, Trek carbon fibre tubing frame, disc wheels,[31] chain on a 55/14 gear ratio.[32]	First attempt under the new rule-set and oldest record holder at 43 years old and one day. Set new German national record.
30 October 2014	Matthias Brändle	24	World Cycling Center, Aigle, Switzerland	51.852 (New record)	IAM Cycling[33]	Triathlon handlebar, SCOTT carbon fibre tubing frame, disc wheels, chain on a 55/13 gear ratio.[32]	Set new Austrian national record.
31 January 2015	Jack Bobridge	24	Darebin International Sports Centre, Melbourne, Australia	51.300 (Failure)	Cycling Australia[34]	Triathlon handlebar, Cervelo carbon fibre tubing frame, disc wheels.	Failed to set new hour record. Beat Brad McGee's previous Australian national record of 50.300 km set in 2000.[35]
8 February 2015	Rohan Dennis	24	Velodrome Suisse, Grenchen, Switzerland	52.491 (New record)	BMC Racing Team	Triathlon handlebar, BMC carbon fibre tubing frame, disc wheels, chain on a 56/14 gear ratio.[36]	Beat Jack Bobridge's previous Australian national record of 51.300 km set in January 2015.
25 February 2015	Thomas Dekker	30	Aguascalientes Bicentenary Velodrome, Aguascalientes, Mexico	52.221 (Failure)	Koga[37]	Koga TeeTeeTrack with Mavic Comete Track wheels, Koga components, Rotor cranks with a KMC (3/32") chain on a 58/14 gear ratio.[38]	First attempt at altitude (2000 m). Failed to set new hour record. Set new Dutch national record.
14 March 2015	Gustav Larsson	34	Manchester Velodrome, Manchester, United Kingdom	50.016 (Failure)	Revolution Series Cult Energy Pro Cycling[39]	Ridley carbon track bike with front and rear disc wheels, triathlon handlebars.	Failed to set new hour record. Set new Swedish national record, beating previous record of 45.335 km.[40]
2 May 2015	Alex Dowsett	26	Manchester Velodrome, Manchester, United Kingdom[41]	52.937 (New record)	Movistar Team	Canyon Speedmax WHR carbon track bike, with Campagnolo Pista disc wheels, Pista crankset with 54 or 55 or 56t chainring.[42][43]	Set new British national record, beating Chris Boardman's record of 49.441 km set in 2000.
7 June 2015	Bradley Wiggins	35	Lee Valley VeloPark, London, United Kingdom[44]	54.526 (New record)	Team Wiggins	Pinarello Bolide HR, SRAM Crankset,[45] modified front fork, custom printed handlebars,[46] 58/14 gear ratio.[47]	Set new British national record, beating Alex Dowsett's record.
21 March 2016	Micah Gross		Velodrome Suisse, Grenchen, Switzerland	48.255 (Failure)	RSC Aaretal Münsingen		Set a new Swiss national record, beating the previous record of 48.199 km.[48]
16 September 2016	Tom Zirbel	37	Aguascalientes Bicentenary Velodrome, Aguascalientes, Mexico[49]	53.037 (Failure)	Rally Cycling	Modified Diamondback Serios time trial bike, fitted with special HED disc wheels[49] and a gearing of 53/13[50]	Failed to set new hour record. Set new American national record, beating Norman Alvis' record of 51.505 km set in 1997.[51]
28 January 2017	Martin Toft Madsen	31	Ballerup Super Arena, Ballerup, Denmark[52]	52.114 (Failure)	BHS–Almeborg Bornholm	Argon 18 Electron Pro, Mavic Comete discs, SRM + Fibre-Lyte chain ring, and a gearing of 54/13	Failed to set new hour record. Attempt voided for doping, after Madsen's consumption of a contaminated food supplement.
25 February 2017	Marc Dubois		Velodrome Suisse, Grenchen, Switzerland	48.337 (Failure)	Team Humard Vélo-Passion	RB1213 track bike with double DT Swiss disc wheels	Set a new Swiss national record, beating the previous record of 48.255 km held by Micah Gross.[53]
2 July 2017	Wojciech Ziolkowski		Arena Pruszków, Pruszkow,Poland	49.470 (Failure)	Team JF Duet Prinzwear	BMC Trackmachine TR01, Mavic Comete disc wheels, Custom Prinzwear TT Suit	Set a new Polish national record, beating the previous record of 47.618 km held by Andrzej Bartkiewicz.[54]
7 October 2017	Mikkel Bjerg	18	Odense Cykelbane, Odense, Denmark[55]	52.311 (Failure)	Team Giant–Castelli	Giant trinity track bike, Mavic disc wheels	Failed to set new hour record. Set new Danish national record, beating Ole Ritter's record of 48.879 km set in 1974.
11 January 2018	Martin Toft Madsen	32	Ballerup Super Arena, Ballerup, Denmark[56]	52.324 (Failure)	BHS–Almeborg Bornholm	Argon 18 Electron Pro, Mavic Comete discs, SRM + Fibre-Lyte chain ring, and a gearing of 54/13	Failed to set new hour record. Set new Danish national record, beating Mikkel Bjerg's record of 52.311 km set in 2017.
26 July 2018	Martin Toft Madsen	33	Aguascalientes Bicentenary Velodrome, Aguascalientes, Mexico[57]	53.630 (Failure)	BHS–Almeborg Bornholm	Argon 18 Electron Pro, Mavic Comete discs, SRM + Fibre-Lyte chain ring, and a gearing of 54/13	Failed to set new hour record. Set new Danish national record, beating his own previous record of 52.324 km set in January 2018.[58]
22 August 2018	Dion Beukeboom	29	Aguascalientes Bicentenary Velodrome, Aguascalientes, Mexico[59]	52.757 (Failure)	Vlasman Cycling Team	Customized Giant Trinity road frame, with a gearing of 58/14	Failed to set new hour record. Set new Dutch national record.
4 October 2018	Mikkel Bjerg	19	Odense Cykelbane, Odense, Denmark[60]	53.730 (Failure)	Hagens Berman Axeon	Giant trinity track bike, Mavic disc wheels	Failed to set new hour record. Set new Danish national record, beating Martin Toft Madsen's record of 53.630 km set in July 2018.
16 April 2019	Victor Campenaerts	27	Aguascalientes Bicentenary Velodrome, Aguascalientes, Mexico[61]	55.089 (New record)	Lotto Soudal	Ridley Arena Hour Record bike, 330mm custom handlebars, custom handlebar extensions specifically moulded for Campenaerts' forearms, F-Surface Plus aero paint, Campagnolo drivetrain, full carbon disc Campagnolo Ghibli wheels, C-Bear bottom bracket bearings.[62]	Set new hour record Set new Belgian national record[63]
13 August 2019	Martin Toft Madsen	34	Odense Cykelbane, Odense, Denmark[64]	53.975 (Failure)	BHS–Almeborg Bornholm		Failed to set new hour record. Set new Danish national record, beating Mikkel Bjerg's record of 53.730 km set in October 2018.
6 October 2019	Mathias Norsgaard	22	Odense Cykelbane, Odense, Denmark[65]	52.061 (Failure)	Riwal-Readynez		Failed to set new hour record.

Unified hour record attempts (women's)

Former record holder, Evelyn Stevens (pictured in 2009)

The last women's hour record before the unified rule change was set on 1 October 2003 by Leontien van Moorsel, with a distance of 46.065 km (28.623 mi).

In December 2014, it was announced that British Paralympian Sarah Storey would be the first woman to attempt the record following the unified rule change. She attempted the record on 28 February 2015 at Lee Valley Velo Park in London, setting new British, Para-Cycling and Masters Age 35–39 records but missing out on the Elite record with a distance of 45.502 km (28.274 mi).[66]

American Molly Shaffer Van Houweling broke the women's UCI Hour Record, riding a distance of 46.273 km (28.753 mi) on 12 September 2015 in Aguascalientes, Mexico.[67] Van Houweling had set three new US Hour Records in the year prior. The first was set on 15 December 2014, in Carson, California, with a distance of 44.173 km (27.448 mi). The second was set on 25 February 2015, in Aguascalientes, Mexico, with a distance of 45.637 km (28.358 mi). The third was set on 3 July 2015, also in Aguascalientes, Mexico, with a distance of 46.088 km (28.638 mi). This last mark was also the Pan-American and World Masters Age 40–44 record at the time, and exceeded the distance of the UCI hour record of van Moorsel. However, it did not qualify as the UCI Hour Record because Van Houweling had only been enrolled in the athlete biological passport program for three and a half months prior to setting this record. The UCI requires that riders be enrolled in this program for 5–10 months before they are eligible to set this mark.[68][69] From 24 August 2015, Van Houweling was eligible to attempt the UCI Hour Record.[70]

In October 2015, Australian rider Bridie O'Donnell announced her intention to aim for the hour record in January 2016. She broke the record at the Adelaide Super-Drome on 22 January 2016, riding 46.882 km. Her record was broken by American rider Evelyn Stevens in February 2016, who rode 47.980 km, beating O'Donnell's mark by more than a kilometer.

Italian rider Vittoria Bussi, after two unsuccessful attempts on 7 October 2017[71] and on 12 September 2018, broke Stevens' world record by 27 metres riding 48.007 km on 13 September 2018.[72]

Women's UCI hour record attempts and record holders (since the rule revision in 2014)

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
28 February 2015	Sarah Storey	37	Lee Valley VeloPark, London, United Kingdom	45.502 (Failure)	Revolution Series	Ridley Arena Carbon track bike with triathlon bars, Pro rear disc wheel, front disk wheel, Shimano Dura-Ace groupset.[73]	Beat Yvonne McGregor's previous British national record of 43.689 set in April 2002. New C5 Para-record, New Masters Age 35–39 record.[74]
12 September 2015	Molly Shaffer Van Houweling	42	Aguascalientes Bicentenary Velodrome, Aguascalientes, Mexico	46.273 (New record)	Metromint Cycling	Cervelo T4 track bike with double Mavic Comete discwheels, running 56/14 gear ratio.[67][75]	Beat her own national record of 46.088 km set on 3 July 2015, also in Aguascalientes, Mexico. [67][75]
22 January 2016	Bridie O'Donnell	41	Super-Drome, Adelaide, Australia	46.882 (New record)		Cervelo T4 track bike.[76]	Set a new World Record, new sea-level World Best and National Record, besting Anna Wilson's former Australian national record of 43.501 km (set on October 18, 2000).[77]
27 February 2016	Evelyn Stevens	32	OTC Velodrome, Colorado, United States of America	47.980 (New record)	Boels–Dolmans USA Cycling	Specialized Shiv modified for the track, SRAM groupset with 53t or 54t chainrings, Zipp 900 front wheel, Zipp Super 9 rear disc, Bioracer skinsuit.	Beat American national record. 333.3 meter banked cement track at over 1800m in altitude.[78][79][80]
21 July 2017	Jaime Nielsen	32	Avantidrome, Cambridge, New Zealand	47.791 (Failure)			Failed to beat the absolute hour record, set a new sea-level world record. Beat New Zealand national record.[81]
7 October 2017	Vittoria Bussi	30	Aguascalientes Bicentenary Velodrome, Aguascalientes, Mexico	47.576 (Failure)		Giant Trinity track bike with Walker Brothers double-disc wheels	Failed to beat the hour record. Beat Italian national record[71][82]
13 September 2018	Vittoria Bussi	31	Aguascalientes Bicentenary Velodrome, Aguascalientes, Mexico	48.007 (New record)		Endura skin suit, HVMN Ketone, and Liv Bike [83]	Failed to beat the hour record one day before, on 12 September 2018, abandoning after 40 minutes. Beat the hour record by 27 metres the next day, on 13 September 2018.[72]

Statistics

• 
  The above chart depicts the progression of the men's hour record over time (click to enlarge). Blue markers indicate attempts made under the UCI hour record, orange markers indicate attempts made under the UCI best human effort rules, and green markers indicate attempts made under the unified rules.
• 
  The above chart depicts the progression of the women's hour record over time (click to enlarge). Blue markers indicate attempts made under the UCI hour record, orange markers indicate attempts made under the UCI best human effort rules, and green markers indicate attempts made under the unified rules.

Para-cycling records

The new regulations for the making of accepted hour record attempts were extended to para-cycling in 2016.[84] Although the first attempt on the hour record for women after the amendments to the regulations was made by Paralympian Sarah Storey, it was not a ratified attempt on the women's C5 hour record under the new conditions, which at that point still did not extend to paracycling - albeit that Storey's effort is recognized as a best C5 performance under the new rules, in addition to a British and masters world hour record in able-bodied cycling.

The first attempt on a para-cycling hour record after the new regulations were extended to para-cycling was by Irishman Colin Lynch in the C2 category, bettering the accepted best performance previously set by Laurent Thirionet in 1999 by 2 kilometres, and setting the first 'ratified' para-cycling world hour record. The mark of 43.133 km was achieved on 1 October at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester, Great Britain.[84]

Men's UCI para-cycling hour record

Unified regulations (since 2016)

C1 Men's UCI para-cycling hour record holders[85]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
1 December 2018	Michael Teuber	50	Berlin, Germany	42.583 (New record)			[86]

C2 Men's UCI para-cycling hour record holders[85]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
1 October 2016	Colin Lynch	45	Manchester Velodrome, England	43.133 (New record)

Women's UCI para-cycling hour record

Unified regulations (since 2016)

C5 Women's UCI para-cycling hour record holders[85]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
28 February 2015	Sarah Storey	37	Manchester Velodrome, England	45.502 (New record)

Historical para-cycling hour record

Men's UCI para-cycling hour record – Best Hour Performance & Absolute Hour Record (1991–2016)

C5 Men's UCI para-cycling hour record holders[85]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
11 September 1991	Fransisco Trujillo		Bordeaux, France	44.661			Best Hour Performance
13 December 2014	Andrea Tarlao		Montichiari, Italy	47.569			Absolute Hour Record

C3 & CP3 Men's UCI para-cycling hour record holders[85]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
25 September 1995	Thomas Evans		Manchester Velodrome, England	40.070			Best Hour Performance
8 January 2005	Darren Kenny		Manchester Velodrome, England	41.817			Best Hour Performance
14 February 2009	Darren Kenny		Copenhagen, Denmark	40.516			Absolute Hour Record

C2 Men's UCI para-cycling hour record holders[85]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
6 November 1999	Laurent Thirionet		Bordeaux, France	41.031			Best Hour Performance

C1 Men's UCI para-cycling hour record holders[85]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
8 May 2005	Michael Teuber	37	Augsburg, Germany	39.326			Best Hour Performance

Tandem Men's UCI para-cycling hour record holders[85]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
11 November 1994	Jan Mulder Richard Belmer		Moscow, Russia	48.696			Best Hour Performance
29 November 1997	Herve Dechamp Guy Rouchouzo		Bordeaux, France	49.625			Best Hour Performance

Women's UCI para-cycling hour record – Best Hour Performance & Absolute Hour Record (1991–2016)

C5 Women's UCI para-cycling hour record holders[85]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
28 February 2015	Sarah Storey		Lee Valley VeloPark, England	45.502

Tandem Women's UCI para-cycling hour record holders[85]

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
19 September 2005	Lindy Hou Toireasa Gallagher		Sydney, Australia	42.930			Absolute Hour Record

Masters records

Current records by age-group

Age group	Male record [87]	Distance (KM)	Female record [88]	Distance (KM)
30–34	Piotr Klin (POL)	49.649	Roxana Islas Garcia (MEX)	41.564
35–39	Gert Fouche (RSA)	51.599	Jane Emans (CAN)	42.425
40–44	Ed Veal (CAN)	48.587	Molly Shaffer Van Houweling (USA)	47.061
45–49	Colby Pearce (USA)	50.2451	Molly Shaffer Van Houweling (USA)	47.080
50–54	Norman Alvis (USA)	49.383	Anna Davis (AUS)	44.427
55–59	Kevin Metcalfe (USA)	49.121	Clemence Ruth (USA)	40.946
60–64	Andrej Žavbi (SLO)	45.732	Elizabeth Heller (USA)	42.194
65–69	Roger Cull (AUS)	44.62	Jan Palchikoff (USA)	40.416
70–74	Scott Hennessy (USA)	43.216	Roi Speed (NZL)	36.581
75–79	Jim Turner (USA)	38.494	Elizabeth Randall (AUS)	36.352
80–84	Giuseppe Marinoni (ITA)	39.004	Patricia Baker (USA)	27.447
85–89	Walter Fowler (GBR)	34.602	No record set
90–95	Carl Grove (USA)	34.498	No record set
96–99	Reg Rye (NZL)	20.886	No record set
100–104	Robert Marchand (FRA)	26.925	No record set
105+	Robert Marchand (FRA)	22.546	No record set

Men's UCI Masters best performances

Best Performances

Age 30–34

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
20 November 2004	Curtis Gunn		Carson, USA	47.764 (New record)			[89]
29 July 2017	Ryan Davies		Newport, Wales	48.234 (New record)			[90]
24 September 2017	David Hainish		Mattamy National Cycling Centre, Milton, Canada	45.325 (Failed)			Failed to beat the previous hour record. Set a new national record.[91]
21 July 2019	Piotr Klin		Pruszkow, Poland	49.649 (New record)

Age 35–39

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
26 April 2009	Jayson Austin		Sydney, Australia	48.315 (New record)			[92]
6 October 2015	Filip Speybrouck	39	Manchester, United Kingdom	48.743 (New record)			[90]
21 December 2017	Rob Scarlett	38	Cambridge, New Zealand	48.922 (New record)			[93]
22 August 2019	Gert Fouche	39	Aguascalientes, Mexico	51.599 (New record)

Age 40–44

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
9 February 2013	Jayson Austin	43	Sydney, Australia	48.411 (New record)			[90]
24 September 2017	Ed Veal		Mattamy National Cycling Centre, Milton, Canada	48.587 (New record)			[91]

Age 45–49

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
25 September 1999	Kent Bostick		Manchester, United Kingdom	49.361 (New record)			[90]
22 November 2016	Greg Swinand		USA Olympic velodrome, Colorado Springs	46.895 (Failed)		Planet X track bike	Set a new Irish national hour record, beating the previous record of 46.166 of Tommy Evans - set in 1999 - by 729 metres[94]
20 July 2017	Dan Bryant	47	Aguascalientes, Mexico	47.458 (Failed)	Peet’s Coffee Cycling Team		[95]
22 September 2018	Colby Pearce	47	Aguascalientes, Mexico	50.245 (New record)

Age 50–54

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
				44.890 (New record)			[96]
10 December 2009	Keith Ketterer	53	Home Depot Center velodrome, Carson, United States of America	45.386 (New record)			[97]
9 October 2012	Charles McCulloch		Manchester, United Kingdom	47.960 (New record)			[98]
4 October 2015	John Madden	50	Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, France	45.799 (Failed)			[98]
6 November 2016	Pascal Montier	53	Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, France	48.892 (New record)			[90]
24 September 2017	Michael Nash		Mattamy National Cycling Centre, Milton, Canada	46.434 (Failed)			Failed to beat the previous records. Set a new Canadian national record.
6 October 2017	Norman Alvis	54	Colorado Springs, United States of America	49.392 (New record)		Argon 18 Electron Pro, Mavic Comet front and rear disc wheels, 53/13 gearing[99]	Set a new US Masters national hour record, beating the previous distance of 48.112 km (also held by Alvis).
17 November 2017	Greg Swinand		Velódromo Bicentenario, Mexico	48.469 (Failed)		Planet X track bike	Set a new Irish national hour record, beating his own previous record of 46.860 km - set a year earlier in Colorado[100]
29 September 2019	Norman Alvis	56	Colorado Springs, United States of America	49.383 (New record)

Age 55–59

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
29 January 2012	Keith Ketterer	57	Home Depot Center velodrome, Carson, United States of America	45.019 (New record)			[97]
19 March 2016	Jim McMurray	55	Cambridge, New Zealand	47.733 (New record)			[90]
20 July 2017	Kevin Metcalfe	55	Aguascalientes, Mexico	49.121 (New record)	Peet’s Coffee Cycling Team		[95]

Age 60–64

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
	Kenny Fuller	61		44.228 (New record)			[101]
30 September 2015	Robert Gilmour	64	Newport, Wales	44.349 (New record)	Hounslow & District Wheelers		49x14 gearing with a trispoke front and a rear disc, fitted with track tubulars[90][101]
31 January 2020	Andrej Žavbi	60	Arena Pruszków, Pruszków, Poland	45.732 (New record)	Alenka Žavbi Kunaver	S WORKS SHIV TT bike, VISION METRON track disk, BERK DILA seddle	Chainring 56, Track Cog 14

Age 65–69

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
11 October 2012	Jim Brander	65	Manchester Velodrome, Manchester, United Kingdom	43.742 (New record)			[89]
26 October 2016	Robert Gilmour	65	Newport, Wales	44.271 (New record)	Hounslow & District Wheelers		[90]
23 February 2020	Roger Cull	66	Dunc Gray Velodrome, Sydney, Australia	44.62 (New record)			[102]

Age 70–74

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
14 September 2014	Mike Cotgreave	70	Newport, Wales	41.227 (New record)			[90]
15 July 2017	Scott Hennessy	70	Aguascalientes, Mexico	43.216 (New record)			[93]

Age 75–79

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
				33.000 (New record)			[103]
October 2012	Giuseppe Marinoni	75	Montichiari Velodrome, Montichiari, Italy	35.728 (New record)			[103]
29 July 2014	Jim Turner	75	Aguascalientes, Mexico	38.494 (New record)			[90]

Age 80–84

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
2014	Sidney Schuman	84	Lee Valey Velodrome, London, United Kingdom	28.388 (New record)	London Cycling Campaign	Condor track bike	[104]
October 2015	Peter Grandiek		SIT Velodrome, Southland, New Zealand	29.187 (New record)			[103][105][106]
29 October 2015	Walter Fowler	81	Newport Velodrome, Newport, United Kingdom	35.772 (New record)	Stourbridge Cycling Club		[103][105][107]
25 June 2016	Paul Martinez	82	Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, France	38.657 (New record)			[90]
20 August 2017	Giuseppe Marinoni		Mattamy National Cycling Centre, Milton, Canada	38.334 (Failed)		Marinoni bike, 53/14 gearing	[108]
24 September 2017	Giuseppe Marinoni		Mattamy National Cycling Centre, Milton, Canada	39.004 (New record)		Marinoni bike, 53/14 gearing	[91]

Age 85–89

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
8 October 2016	Gilbert Douillard	87	Bordeaux, France	34.095 (New record)			[93]
22 September 2019	Walter Fowler	85	Newport Velodrome, Newport, United Kingdom	34.602 (New record)	Stourbridge Cycling Club		[109]

Age 90–94

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
23 October 2017	René Gaillard	90	Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, France	29.278 (New record)	Cyclosport Club de Vesoul		[110]
6 August 2019	Carl Grove	91	Colorado Springs, United States of America	34.498 (New record)			[111]

Age 96–99

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
27 April 2019	Reg Rye	96	Cambridge, New Zealand	20.886 (New record)	Avantidrome Velodrome		[112]

Age 100–104

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
1 February 2012	Robert Marchand	101	Aigle, Switzerland	24.250 (New record)			[113]
31 October 2014	Robert Marchand	103	Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, France	26.925 (New record)			[90]

Age 105+

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
4 January 2017	Robert Marchand	105	Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, France	22.546 (New record)			[90]

Women's UCI Masters best performances

Best Performances [88]

Age 30–34

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
6 April 2012	Roxana Islas Garcia	30	Aguascalientes, Mexico	41.564 (New record)			[114]

Age 35–39

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
2000	Jacqui Lockwood		Manchester, United Kingdom	40.7556 (New record)			[115][116]
14 March 2015	Adelia Reynek	38	Dunc Gray Velodrome, Sydney, Australia	41.386 (New record)	Midland Cycle Club		[115]
14 May 2016	Clarice Chung	35	Newport, United Kingdom	42.116 (New record)	SSLL Racing Team	Cervelo T4 track bike, Zipp disc wheels[117]	[114]
24 September 2017	Jane Emans		Mattamy National Cycling Centre, Milton, Canada	42.425 (New record)			[118]

Age 40–44

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
3 July 2015	Molly Shaffer Van Houweling	42	Aguascalientes, Mexico	46.088 (New record)	Metromint Cycling	Cervelo T4 track bike with double Mavic Comete discwheels, running 56/14 gear ratio.	[67][75]
14 July 2017	Molly Shaffer Van Houweling	44	Aguascalientes, Mexico	47.061 (New record)			[114]

Age 45–49

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
10 September 2006	Lilian Pfluke		Manchester, United Kingdom	41.2397 (New record)			[118][119]
24 September 2017	Jody Levine		Mattamy National Cycling Centre, Milton, Canada	38.156 (Failure)
24 September 2018	Molly Shaffer Van Houweling	46	Aguascalientes, Mexico	46.897 (New record)			[88]
19 August 2019	Molly Shaffer Van Houweling	47	Aguascalientes, Mexico	47.080 (New record)			[88]

Age 50–54

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
19 March 2011	Patrizia Spadaccini	51	Montichiari, Italy	39.402 (New record)			[114]
26 March 2017	Anna Davis	52	Melbourne, Australia	43.206 (New record)			[118]
24 September 2017	Bryn Currie		Mattamy National Cycling Centre, Milton, Canada	40.366 (Failed)			Failed to beat the previous record. Set a new national record.[91]
9 March 2018	Anna Davis	53	Melbourne, Australia	44.427 (New record)			[88]

Age 55–59

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
31 October 2014	Clemence Ruth	55	Carson, United States	40.946 (New record)			[114]

Age 60–64

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
31 October 2014	Jan Palchikoff	63	Carson, United States of America	41.116 (New record)			[114]

Age 65–69

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
1 March 2010	Elizabeth Randall	65	Melbourne, Australia	37.214 (New record)			[114]
28 September 2017	Jan Palchikoff	66	Carson, United States of America	40.416 (New record)			[118]

Age 70–74

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
20 October 2018	Roi Speed (NZL)	72	Cambridge, New Zealand	36.581 (New record)			[88]

Age 75–79

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
31 October 2014	Patricia Baker (cyclist)	75	Carson, United States of America	27.894 (New record)			[114]
10 February 2019	Elizabeth Randall	75	Melbourne, Australia	36.352 (New record)			[88]

Age 80–84

Date	Rider	Age	Velodrome	Distance (km)	Supported by	Equipment	Notes
1 September 2019	Patricia Baker (cyclist)	80	Carson, United States of America	27.447 (New record)			[120]

Notes

1. Hutchinson, Michael (2007). The Hour. ISBN 9780224075206. (Michael Hutchinson. p. 119-120) It is reported that as professionals, Egg and Berthet ensured not to beat the record by too much of a distance, enabling them both to continue to repeatedly break the record and receive lucrative appearance fees
2. Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill (2011-10-16). The Historical Dictionary of Cycling. ISBN 9780810871755. (Jeroen Heijmans, Bill Mallon) lists three further records after Dodds but before Herbert Cortis. Listed only by surname, 1877, Shopee in Cambridge, 26.960, 1878, Weir, in Oxford, 28.542 and Christie, in 1879, 30.374, also in Oxford.
3. "Berthet/Egg Hour Record". Oscar Egg's original distance was recorded at 42.122 km. In July 1913 Richard Weise beat this mark, but following protest from Egg the Buffalo track was re-measured and his result changed to 42.360 km, cancelling out Weise's record
4. "The history of the recumbent bicycle". On 7 July 1933 Francis Faure rode 45.055 km on a "Velocar" beating Egg's record. This led to the UCI imposing rules regarding bicycle dimensions on 1 April 1934 and Faure's record was moved into a new category, "Records Set By Human Powered Vehicles (HPV's) without Special Aerodynamic Features"
5. Howard, Paul (2008). Sex Lies and Handlebar tape, p237-239. ISBN 9781845963019. (Paul Howard) Anquetil set a record time in 1967 of 47.493 km but the record was never ratified by the UCI following Anquetil's refusal to take a post race doping control, and on 13 October the UCI voted not to allow the record.

References

1. Mallon, Jeroen Heijmans, Bill (2011-09-09). Historical dictionary of cycling. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-7369-8.
2. Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill (2011-10-16). Historical Dictionary of Cycling. p. 381. ISBN 9780810871755.
3. "Hour Record: The tangled history of an iconic feat - Cycling Weekly". Cycling Weekly. 2015-04-15. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
4. Cycling 26 November 1987
5. Revolutionary Times – The Birth of the Women’s Hour Record - SB Nation's Podium Café, Feargal McKay, 11 September 2018
6. Radio Marconi, Article on Alfonsina Strada
7. "March 25 down the years". ESPN.co.uk. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
8. Clemitson, Suze (19 September 2014). "Why Jens Voigt and a new group of cyclists want to break the Hour record". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
9. Stephen Farrand. "Gallery: Francesco Moser's hour record". Cyclingnews.com.
10. "Chronic of the Hour Record". Retrieved 18 September 2014.
11. "World Hour Records". Retrieved 18 September 2014.
12. "Women Elite - World Records" (PDF). UCI.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 June 2019.
13. "Maria Cressari".
14. "Keetie Van Ooosten breaks hour record". pzc.
15. "Van Ooosten breaks hour record". pzc.
16. "Leontien van Moorsel breaks hour record". pzc.
17. "Bike Cult — Sports Records". bikecult.
18. "Hour Record rule change — Athlete's hour to be scrapped". Cycling Weekly. 15 May 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
19. "UCI changes hour record regulations, allows modern track bikes". VeloNews.com. 2014-05-15. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
20. "How the Hour Record Will Save Cycling". Outside Online. 2014-06-05. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
21. "Cookson reveals that people have come forward to the CIRC Reform Commission". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
22. "Voigt breaks world hour record". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited Quay House. 2014-09-18. Retrieved 2019-09-18. The Trek Factory Racing rider called an end to his road career at the USA Pro Challenge in Colorado in August, 2014, but soon announced his attempt at the record.
23. Giles Richards (2014-09-13). "The Agenda: Jens Voigt aims to break one of cycling's toughest records". the Guardian. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
24. "Answered: 11 questions about Jens Voigt's hour record attempt". VeloNews.com. 2014-09-15. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
25. CyclingTips (2015-01-07). "Dekker to bid for world hour record at altitude in Mexico at end of February". cyclingtips.com.au.
26. "The Hour Record At Altitude". wolfgang-menn.de.
27. "Alex Dowsett sets new Hour Record of 52.937km". Cycling News. 2 May 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
28. "Bradley Wiggins breaks UCI Hour Record at Lea Valley VeloPark". BBC Sport. 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
29. "Victor Campenaerts sets new UCI Hour Record". 2019-04-16.
30. "Hour Record". www.trekbikes.com.
31. "Voigt: I can't ask for a better goodbye". Cyclingnews.com. Future plc. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
32. "Hour Record analysis: Matthias Brändle's big gear — Cycling Weekly". Cycling Weekly. 31 October 2014.
33. "IAM Cycling — Matthias Brändle and IAM Cycling take on the UCI Hour Record". iamcycling.ch.
34. Editor. "Jack Bobridge set for Hour Record attempt". roadcycling.co.nz.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
35. Zeb Woodpower. "Jack Bobridge Hour Record attempt 2015: Results — Cyclingnews.com". Cyclingnews.com.
36. "Bike Cult Book: Online Resource: World Hour Records". bikecult.com.
37. "UCI Hour Record: Thomas Dekker's Koga TeeTeeTrack bike with 58x14 gearing". road.cc. 2015-02-25.
38. Cycling News. "Dekker on track for Hour Record attempt". Cyclingnews.com.
39. Cycling News. "Gustav Larsson to attempt Hour Record at Revolution Series". Cyclingnews.com.
40. Gustav Larsson UCI Hour Record attempt. FACE Partnership. 14 March 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
41. "Alex Dowsett announces new Hour Record date". Cycling Weekly. 31 March 2015.
42. "Alex Dowsett's Canyon Speedmax WHR (Video)". Cycling Weekly. 30 April 2015.
43. Tom Ballard / Immediate Media. "Pro bike: Alex Dowsett's Canyon Speedmax WHR". Cyclingnews.com.
44. "Wiggins schedules hour record attempt for June 7". VeloNews.com. 2015-04-15.
45. Cycling News. "Bradley Wiggins' Pinarello Bolide HR – First glimpse of Hour Record bike". Cyclingnews.com.
46. Cycling News. "Bradley Wiggins' Pinarello Bolide HR". Cyclingnews.com.
47. Velodrome, Luke Brown and John MacLeary at Lee Valley (7 June 2015). "Sir Bradley Wiggins hour record attempt: as it happened" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
48. "Micah Gross établit un nouveau record suisse de l'heure - Swiss Cycling". www.swiss-cycling.ch.
49. "Zirbel to make Hour Record attempt this week - Cyclingnews.com".
50. "Tom Zirbel's Hour Record Diamondback Serios - Gallery - Cyclingnews.com".
51. "Zirbel sets new US Hour Record". cyclingnews.com. 16 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
52. Feltet.dk. "Martin Toft Madsen satte timerekord Feltet.dk". www.feltet.dk.
53. "New Swiss record of the hour for Marc Dubois - Humard Automation SA". www.humard.com. 2017-02-27.
54. "New Polish record of the hour for Wojciech Ziolkowski".
55. "Dansk stortalent slår timerekord". 7 October 2017.
56. "Ny dansk timerekord til Martin Toft Madsen". 11 January 2018.
57. "Timerekord i Mexico: Mail bekræfter Toft-forsøg". 30 June 2018.
58. "Record de l'Heure : Martin Toft Madsen échoue". Direct Velo. 26 July 2018.
59. "Three riders to make UCI Hour Record timed by TISSOT attempts this summer". UCI. 10 July 2018.
60. "Stortalent sætter dansk timerekord". 4 October 2018.
61. "Campenaerts to attack Wiggins' Hour Record in April".
62. "Victor Campenaerts' Ridley Arena TT Hour Record - Gallery".
63. "Victor Campenaerts sets new UCI Hour Record". 2019-04-16.
64. "Martin Toft Madsen slår den danske timerekord". 13 August 2019.
65. "Ingen dansk timerekord til Mathias Norsgaard". feltet.dk. 6 October 2019.
66. "Britain's Sarah Storey to tackle women's hour record". VeloNews.com. 2014-12-16.
67. "Molly Shaffer Van Houweling makes history with new women's UCI Hour Record". www.uci.ch. Archived from the original on 2015-09-14.
68. "Van Houweling sets Pan American Record". velonews. 2015-02-27.
69. "Van Houweling sets Hour Record of 46,088m". norcalcyclingnews. Archived from the original on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2015-07-06.
70. "News shorts: Gesink abandons Tour de Pologne with fatigue | Cyclingnews.com". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
71. Cycling, UCI Track. "Hats off to @vittoria_bussi for her attempt to the #UCIHourRecord. 47,576 km, just 404 meters away from @evelyn_stevens record pic.twitter.com/nsLvfA9Smt".
72. "Vittoria Bussi breaks Evelyn Stevens's hour record". Velonews. 2018-09-14. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
73. Tom Ballard / Immediate Media. "Pro bike: Dame Sarah Storey's hour record Ridley Arena Carbon". Cyclingnews.com.
74. "Sarah Storey misses Hour Record by 563m". Cycling Weekly. 28 February 2015.
75. "Molly Shaffer Van Houweling sets new women's World Hour Record | Ella". cyclingtips.com.au. 2015-09-13. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
76. "Bridie O'Donnell Hour Record attempt 2016: Results - Cyclingnews.com".
77. "Bridie O'Donnell to attempt women's UCI Hour Record | Cyclingnews.com". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
78. "Evelyn Stevens to make UCI Hour Record attempt - Cyclingnews.com".
79. "Assembling Evelyn Stevens' hour-record attempt bike - Cyclingnews.com".
80. "Evelyn Stevens Hour Record Attempt 2016: Results - Cyclingnews.com".
81. "Jaime Nielsen smashes sea level world record". 2017-07-21.
82. "Record dell'Ora, l'italiana Vittoria Bussi si ferma a soli 404 metri da Evelyn Stevens - Cicloweb". 7 October 2017.
83. "Vittoria Bussi breaks Hour Record in second attempt within 48-hours". 2018-09-13.
84. Colin Lynch makes para-cycling history, from Paralympic.org
85. "Para-cycling — About". uci.ch.
86. "Teuber smashes C1 Hour Record".
87. "Men Masters - best performance" (PDF). UCI.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2020.
88. "Women Masters - best performance" (PDF). UCI.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2019.
89. CyclingTips (2015-02-16). "Putting the hour record into perspective: How does an amateur compare? - CyclingTips". cyclingtips.com.
90. "Home" (PDF).
91. "80-year-old Giuseppe Marinoni and three others broke hour records on Saturday in Milton - Canadian Cycling Magazine". 24 September 2017.
92. "World Masters Track Cycling Championships 2019" (PDF). www.cyclingmasters.com.
93. "Home" (PDF).
94. "Swinand (49) smashes Irish elite hour record in Colorado - Sticky Bottle - Sticky Bottle". www.stickybottle.com. 2016-11-22.
95. "Breaking the Hour: A New World Record - GU Energy Labs". 25 July 2017.
96. "Wow, New Masters 50-54 Hour World Record. - Bike Forums". www.bikeforums.net.
97. "Masters Men 55-59 UCI Hour Record - Bike Forums". www.bikeforums.net.
98. "World Masters Track Cycling Championships 2019" (PDF). www.cyclingmasters.com.
99. "Former Tour pro sets masters hour record - Cyclingnews.com".
100. "Greg Swinand smashes Irish elite hour record in Mexico - Sticky Bottle". www.stickybottle.com. 2017-11-17.
101. "Rob Gilmour Breaks UCI Hour Record For Veterans. - BritishCycleSport". britishcycle.wpengine.com. 2015-10-14.
102. Miu, Ryan. "The story behind a masters hour record". Cycling NSW. Retrieved 10 March 2020. not yet appearing on the UCI list.
103. "Legendary Giuseppe Marinoni to Attempt 80-Year-Old Best Hour Record + Film". 15 March 2017.
104. "LCC member sets world record". lcc.org.uk.
105. "Shropshire cyclist, 81, sets age group UCI Hour record". 29 October 2015.
106. "New cycling world record for Southland veteran Peter Grandiek at Velodrome". Stuff.
107. "Walter breaks cycling world record - at 81!". Stourbridge News.
108. "Marinoni Narrowly Misses Best Hour Record Attempt at Packed Milton Velodrome + PHOTOS & Bell Lap VID". 20 August 2017.
109. "85-year-old sets new age group Hour Record - Stourbridge Cycling Club". 22 September 2019.
110. "90-year-old Frenchman rides more than 29km to set new age group Hour Record - Cycling Weekly". 23 October 2017.
111. https://www.uci.org/docs/default-source/about--discipline/about-track-cycling/men-masters-best-performances-2019.pdf
112. "Reg is back on track - Avantidrome". 27 April 2019.
113. "Robert Marchand sets new 100-kilometer speed record - VeloNews.com". 28 September 2012.
114. "Women Masters - Best performance" (PDF). UCI.ch. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2017.
115. "WestCycle". www.facebook.com.
116. "USA Cycling National Records - USA Cycling". www.usacycling.org.
117. "Clarry's Hour - a UCI Masters hour record attempt".
118. "Women Masters - Best performance" (PDF). UCI.ch. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2018.
119. "USA Cycling National Records". legacy.usacycling.org. USA Cycling. 2018-01-05. Retrieved 2020-04-29.
120. https://www.uci.org/docs/default-source/about--discipline/about-track-cycling/women-masters-best-performances-2019.pdf

External links

• UCI hour records
• Bike Cult listing of Hour records including data on machines and athlete
• Hour records with pictures of Vehicles
• A recent timeline of the Hour Record from Cycling Weekly
• A history of the womens Hour Record from Cyclingtips