Grenchen

Grenchen (French: Granges) is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

Grenchen
Grenchen
Coat of arms
Location of Grenchen
Grenchen
Grenchen
Coordinates: 47°11′N 7°24′E
CountrySwitzerland
CantonSolothurn
DistrictLebern
Government
 • ExecutiveGemeinderat
with 15 members
 • MayorStadtpräsident (list)
François Scheidegger FDP/PRD
(as of 2014)
Area
 • Total26.08 km2 (10.07 sq mi)
Elevation
451 m (1,480 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[2]
 • Total17,371
 • Density670/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Postal code
2540
SFOS number2546
Surrounded byArch (BE), Bettlach, Büren an der Aare (BE), Court (BE), Lengnau (BE), Romont (BE), Rüti bei Büren (BE), Selzach
Twin townsNeckarsulm (Germany), Sélestat (France)
Websitewww.grenchen.ch
SFSO statistics

It is located at the foot of the Jura mountains between Solothurn and Biel, approximately 25 km (16 mi) north of Bern. With over 16,000 inhabitants, it is one of the larger towns of the canton of Solothurn. The city is well known for its watch industry, that has been present for more than 150 years.

Grenchen is the 2008 winner of the Wakker Prize for architectural heritage.

Jura-Sternwarte Grenchen is located at Grenchen.

History

Around 1000 AD, the local barons built a castle on the local cliff that was inhabited for three centuries. The name Grenchen was first documented in 1131 as Granechun.[3] The name comes from the gallo-romanic graneca, meaning by the granary.

Geography
Grenchen and the bridge over the Aare river
Aerial view (1947)

Grenchen has an area, as of 2009, of 26.01 square kilometers (10.04 sq mi). Of this area, 9.85 km2 (3.80 sq mi) or 37.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 10.42 km2 (4.02 sq mi) or 40.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.39 km2 (2.08 sq mi) or 20.7% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.34 km2 (0.13 sq mi) or 1.3% is either rivers or lakes and 0.05 km2 (12 acres) or 0.2% is unproductive land.[4]

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.2% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 9.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 6.8%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.4%. Out of the forested land, 38.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 25.8% is used for growing crops and 6.0% is pastures and 5.3% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.[4]

The municipality is the capital of the Lebern District. It is the second largest city in the Canton of Solothurn. The municipality stretches from the hamlet of Staad along the Aare river, (at an elevation of 430 m (1,410 ft)) to the first mountain range of the Jura Mountains (the Oberer Grenchenberg is 1,348 m (4,423 ft)).

Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Ploughshare Argent.[5]

Demographics
View of Grenchen from a local hilltop church
Grenchen town center
Windmill outside Grenchen
Town hall of Grenchen

Grenchen has a population (as of December 2018) of 17,372.[6] As of 2008, 28.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[7] Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of -1.3%.[8]

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (13,033 or 81.8%), with Italian being second most common (1,022 or 6.4%) and French being third (460 or 2.9%). There are 16 people who speak Romansh.[9]

As of 2008, the gender distribution of the population was 49.2% male and 50.8% female. The population was made up of 5,328 Swiss men (33.3% of the population) and 2,547 (15.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 5,845 Swiss women (36.5%) and 2,289 (14.3%) non-Swiss women.[10] Of the population in the municipality 5,606 or about 35.2% were born in Grenchen and lived there in 2000. There were 2,017 or 12.7% who were born in the same canton, while 4,258 or 26.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 3,433 or 21.5% were born outside of Switzerland.[9]

In 2008 there were 75 live births to Swiss citizens and 47 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 167 deaths of Swiss citizens and 10 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 92 while the foreign population increased by 37. There were 21 Swiss men and 16 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 103 non-Swiss men and 59 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 20 and the non-Swiss population increased by 190 people. This represents a population growth rate of 1.1%.[7]

The age distribution, as of 2000, in Grenchen is; 942 children or 5.9% of the population are between 0 and 6 years old and 2,291 teenagers or 14.4% are between 7 and 19. Of the adult population, 838 people or 5.3% of the population are between 20 and 24 years old. 4,463 people or 28.0% are between 25 and 44, and 4,000 people or 25.1% are between 45 and 64. The senior population distribution is 2,551 people or 16.0% of the population are between 65 and 79 years old and there are 853 people or 5.4% who are over 80.[11]

As of 2000, there were 5,771 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 7,679 married individuals, 1,264 widows or widowers and 1,224 individuals who are divorced.[9]

As of 2000, there were 7,409 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.1 persons per household.[8] There were 2,910 households that consist of only one person and 352 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 7,532 households that answered this question, 38.6% were households made up of just one person and there were 55 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 2,275 married couples without children, 1,741 married couples with children There were 355 single parents with a child or children. There were 73 households that were made up of unrelated people and 123 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.[9]

In 2000 there were 1,336 single family homes (or 48.4% of the total) out of a total of 2,763 inhabited buildings. There were 940 multi-family buildings (34.0%), along with 310 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (11.2%) and 177 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.4%). Of the single family homes 67 were built before 1919, while 187 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (388) were built between 1946 and 1960.[12]

In 2000 there were 8,639 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 2,925. There were 429 single room apartments and 1,631 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 7,267 apartments (84.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 584 apartments (6.8%) were seasonally occupied and 788 apartments (9.1%) were empty.[12] As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 0.9 new units per 1000 residents.[8]

As of 2003 the average price to rent an average apartment in Grenchen was 862.63 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$690, £390, €550 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 571.19 CHF (US$460, £260, €370), a two-room apartment was about 637.30 CHF (US$510, £290, €410), a three-room apartment was about 776.90 CHF (US$620, £350, €500) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1477.07 CHF (US$1180, £660, €950). The average apartment price in Grenchen was 77.3% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[13] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 2.38%.[8]

The historical population is given in the following chart:[3][14]

Sights

The entire village of Grenchen is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[15] The ruins of Burg Grenchen, also known as Bettleschloss, a former hill castle, are located above this village.

Politics

In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 32.9% of the vote. The other parties were the SP (22.6%), the FDP (19.5%) and the CVP (9.1%), BDP 5.4%, glp 4.8%, Greens 2.9%, DPS 1.0%. [16][17]

Transport
Grenchen Airport tower
Grenchenberg tunnel

Although Grenchen is a small city, it has its own airport with facilities for the transport of goods. It is mostly used by private pilots and parachutists, but also for business travel. The freeway A5 and a connection to Grenchen lie in the vicinity of the airport.

Two railway stations (Grenchen Nord on the Basel-Biel line and Grenchen Süd on the Geneva-Zürich line) provide for an excellent connection of the city on the rail network. The Grenchen Tunnel, an 8.5 km long railroad tunnel that was built between 1911 and 1915, offers a connection between the Swiss plateau and Delémont/Basel. Construction of the tunnel attracted many foreign workers to Grenchen, coming mostly from Italy.

Grenchen has an own bus company "BGU". The bus lines connect Grenchen with Bettlach, Lengnau, Büren, Rüti and Selzach

Economy

As of  2010, Grenchen had an unemployment rate of 5.7%. As of 2008, there were 122 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 36 businesses involved in this sector. 5,906 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 217 businesses in this sector. 4,197 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 544 businesses in this sector.[8] There were 7,988 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.8% of the workforce.

In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 9,004. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 85, of which 77 were in agriculture and 8 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 5,635 of which 5,189 or (92.1%) were in manufacturing and 367 (6.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 3,284. In the tertiary sector; 742 or 22.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 188 or 5.7% were in the movement and storage of goods, 236 or 7.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 61 or 1.9% were in the information industry, 119 or 3.6% were the insurance or financial industry, 211 or 6.4% were technical professionals or scientists, 371 or 11.3% were in education and 910 or 27.7% were in health care.[18]

In 2000, there were 5,261 workers who commuted into the municipality and 3,273 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.6 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving.[19] Of the working population, 13.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 52.8% used a private car.[8]

Watch industry
ETA main building in Grenchen

Grenchen has a large traditional watch industry and several famous manufacturers are based in the city:

Sport

FC Grenchen is the municipality's football club.

Grenchen has a velodrome, Velodrome Suisse. It hosted the 2015 UEC European Track Championships., during which a new world record was set in the Ladies' 500m Time Trials by Anastasiia Voinova, Russia.

Religion

From the 2000 census, 5,654 or 35.5% were Roman Catholic, while 5,754 or 36.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 154 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.97% of the population), there were 171 individuals (or about 1.07% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 284 individuals (or about 1.78% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 3 individuals (or about 0.02% of the population) who were Jewish, and 1,145 (or about 7.18% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 70 individuals who were Buddhist, 90 individuals who were Hindu and 17 individuals who belonged to another church. 2,019 (or about 12.67% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 577 individuals (or about 3.62% of the population) did not answer the question.[9]

Education
Berufsschule (upper secondary school) in Grenchen

In Grenchen about 5,773 or (36.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 1,457 or (9.1%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 1,457 who completed tertiary schooling, 64.2% were Swiss men, 20.9% were Swiss women, 10.1% were non-Swiss men and 4.9% were non-Swiss women.[9]

During the 2010–2011 school year there were a total of 1,309 students in the Grenchen school system. The education system in the Canton of Solothurn allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten.[20] During that school year, there were 276 children in kindergarten. The canton's school system requires students to attend six years of primary school, with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In the municipality there were 699 students in primary school and 108 students in the special, smaller classes. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. 226 lower secondary students attend school in Grenchen.[21]

As of 2000, there were 171 students in Grenchen who came from another municipality, while 267 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[19]

Grenchen is home to the Stadtbibliothek Grenchen library. The library has (as of 2008) 36,000 books or other media, and loaned out 57,000 items in the same year. It was open a total of 258 days with average of 19 hours per week during that year.[22]

Notable people
Boris Banga
Vanessa Bürki, 2012
  • Franz Joseph Hugi (1791-1855), Roman Catholic priest, geologist and alpinist, born in Grenchen
  • Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872), fighter for the independence of Italy, took refuge in Grenchen 1835-1836 [23]
  • Hermann Obrecht (1882-1940), Federal Councilor from 1935 to 1940
  • Yehudi Menuhin (1916-1999), conductor and violinist, honorary citizen of Grenchen
  • Ernst Thomke (born 1939), inventor of the Swatch watch
  • Boris Banga (born 1949) Mayor of Grenchen 1991–2013, former national councilor
  • Alain Auderset (born 1968) author of Christian comics albums
Sport
gollark: https://tenor.com/view/infinity-train-tulip-olsen-tulip-running-gif-15485592
gollark: ↑ Tux1 when he sees the letter "a" followed by "p"
gollark: https://tenor.com/view/yellow-alert-gif-7762498
gollark: ↑ Tux1 when doing things
gollark: https://tenor.com/view/stupid-forever-adventuretime-friends-bestfriends-gif-4790049

References
  1. "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. Grenchen in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  4. Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data (in German) accessed 25 March 2010
  5. Flags of the World.com accessed 30-March-2011
  6. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB, online database – Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit (in German) accessed 23 September 2019
  7. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008 Archived 2010-06-28 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 19 June 2010
  8. Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived 2016-01-05 at the Wayback Machine accessed 30-March-2011
  9. STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Archived 2014-04-09 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 2 February 2011
  10. Canton of Solothurn Statistics - Wohnbevölkerung der Gemeinden nach Nationalität und Geschlecht Archived 2011-03-05 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 11 March 2011
  11. Canton of Solothurn Statistics - Wohnbevölkerung nach Gemeinden, Nationalität, Altersgruppen und Zivilstand, Total (Männer + Frauen) Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 11 March 2011
  12. Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Archived 2015-01-21 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011
  13. Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Rental prices 2003 data (in German) accessed 26 May 2010
  14. Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Archived 2014-09-30 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 29 January 2011
  15. "Kantonsliste A-Objekte:Solothurn" (PDF). KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
  16. "Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden". Ergebnisse Nationalratswahlen 2015 (in German). Bundesamt für Statistik. 2016. Missing or empty |url= (help)
  17. "Wahlen/Abstimmungen - Kanton Solothurn".
  18. Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Archived 2014-12-25 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011
  19. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb (in German) accessed 24 June 2010
  20. Canton of Solothurn - Education information Archived 2011-05-08 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 11 March 2011
  21. Canton of Solothurn - School statistics Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 13 March 2011
  22. Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of libraries (in German) accessed 14 May 2010
  23. The Encyclopedia Americana, Mazzini, Giuseppe retrieved 18 January 2019
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