Harmony Historic District

The Harmony Historic District encompasses the first early 19th century settlement of the Harmony Society, in what is now Harmony, Butler County, Pennsylvania, USA. It covers an area two blocks wide, extending north from German Road to Conoquenessing Creek between Libery and Wood Streets. The area retains a number of buildings dating to the original settlement period, and was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1974.[1]

Harmony Historic District
Harmony Society building in Harmony, Pennsylvania, built in 1809.
LocationPA 68, Harmony, Pennsylvania
Coordinates40°48′11″N 80°7′42″W
Area17 acres (6.9 ha)
Built1804 (1804)
ArchitectGeorge Rapp and Frederick Reichert Rapp
Architectural style19th Century German-American
NRHP reference No.73002139
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMarch 21, 1973[1]
Designated NHLDMay 30, 1974[2]

Description and history

The Harmony Society was founded in what is now Germany in 1785 by Johann Georg Rapp. Meeting with opposition from the dominant Lutheran Church, Rapp and his followers emigrated to North America, and purchased the land in Butler County where the community of 200 families founded Harmony in 1805. The utopian community was run as a communist theocracy, with Rapp and later his son as its leading figure. The Harmonist community was successful, growing to about 700 by 1814, when Rapp's son Frederick established a new settlement in the Indiana Territory, now New Harmony, Indiana. The eventually moved back to Pennsylvania, settling Economy in 1825, and died out as an organization in 1905.[3]

The surviving elements of the early Harmonist settlement include a grid of streets in the heart of the modern town of Harmony, and a number of primarily brick buildings in that area. The district includes 10 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site. Principal among these are the Great House or Bentle Building (c. 1811), Langenbacher House (c. 1805), Harmonist Church (1808), The "Stohr," Beam Hotel, Frederick Rapp House, Schmitt House, Schreiber House, Wagner House, and Mueller House. The original Harmonist Cemetery contains the unmarked graves of 100 early Harmonists.[3]

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See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. "Harmony Historic District". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  3. Carol Ann Poh (December 5, 1973). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Harmony" (pdf). National Park Service. Cite journal requires |journal= (help) and Accompanying 17 photos, from 1973 (32 KB)
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