Hải Dương

Hải Dương (listen) is a city in Vietnam. It is the capital of Hải Dương, a highly industrialized province in the Hanoi Capital Region and the Red River Delta in Northern Vietnam. Its name is Sino-Vietnamese for "ocean sun" (海陽). The city is at the midpoint between the capital Hanoi and major port Haiphong, and is part of the Northern Key Economic Zone. In 2019, Hai Duong city had a population of 507,469.[1]

Hải Dương

Thành phố Hải Dương
City (Class-1)
Hải Dương City
Seal
Hải Dương
Location in Vietnam
Coordinates: 20°56′23″N 106°19′50″E
Country Vietnam
ProvinceHải Dương
Area
 • Total71.38 km2 (27.56 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)
 • Total507,469[1]
 • Density4,563/km2 (11,820/sq mi)
ClimateCwa

Name

The name first appeared officially in 1498.[2] In feudal times, Hải Dương indicated a vast area from east of Hanoi to the sea. This area corresponds to all of modern Hải Dương, Haiphong, most of Hưng Yên and the southwestern corner of Quảng Ninh. Hải Dương city is in the middle of this historical area and was the location of a citadel defending the capital. Because of this historical location, Thành Đông (eastern citadel) is a common nickname of Hải Dương.

Geography

Hải Dương city is bordered to the north-east by Nam Sách and Thanh Hà districts, to the west by Cẩm Giàng District, and to the south by Gia Lộc and Tứ Kỳ districts, and also a branch of the Sat River. A branch of the Cái River (literally, "mother river" in Vietnamese) divides the city into two parts, on one side the urban area, and on the other side rural and industrial outskirts. The city is located in the centre of both the Northern Economic Area and of the Hanoi–Haiphong–Quảng Ninh development region as well. Hải Dương is located 58 kilometres (36 mi) from Hanoi, 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Haiphong, and 80 kilometres (50 mi) from Halong Bay. A railway, National Highway No.5 (Hanoi - Hải Dương - Haiphong) and National Highway No.18 (Bắc Ninh - Hải Dương - Quảng Ninh) all pass through the province.

Hải Dương Province is also located within the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. It is bordered by Haiphong and Quảng Ninh provinces in the east, Hưng Yên in the west, Bắc Ninh and Bắc Giang in the north, and Thái Bình in the south. With a total area of 1,648 km2 (636 sq mi), Hải Dương Province has one major city (Hải Dương) and eleven districts (Bình Giang, Cẩm Giàng, Chí Linh, Gia Lộc, Kim Thành, Kinh Môn, Nam Sách, Ninh Giang, Thanh Hà, Thanh Miện and Tứ Kỳ).

Nowadays, highways make it easier to commute between Haiphong, Hải Dương and Hanoi. Since October 2017 it takes between 45 minutes and one hour to travel from Hải Dương to Hanoi.

Administrative divisions

Hải Dương city was built in 1804, and was first called "Thành Đông" (Sino-Vietnamese for eastern citadel), referring to the citadel east of Vietnam's capital, Hanoi. During the French colonial period, Hải Dương was a town. Before 1968, Hải Dương was a town in Hải Dương Province. Between 1968 and 1996 it was the capital of Hải Hưng Province after the provinces of Hải Dương and Hưng Yên merged to form Hải Hưng. On November 6, 1996, following the separation of Hải Dương and Hưng Yên provinces, Hải Dương became the capital of Hải Dương province. On August 6, 1997, Hải Dương was established as a city.

From 2019, Hải Dương city contains 20 wards (urban) and 7 communes (rural).[3]

Wards

Communes
  • An Châu
  • Gia Xuyên
  • Liên Hồng
  • Ngọc Sơn
  • Quyết Thắng
  • Tiền Tiến
  • Thượng Đạt

Climate
Climate data for Hải Dương
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 29.6
(85.3)		 31.6
(88.9)		 33.2
(91.8)		 36.5
(97.7)		 38.6
(101.5)		 38.2
(100.8)		 38.2
(100.8)		 36.5
(97.7)		 36.1
(97.0)		 33.8
(92.8)		 33.1
(91.6)		 30.0
(86.0)		 38.6
(101.5)
Average high °C (°F) 19.5
(67.1)		 19.7
(67.5)		 22.2
(72.0)		 26.3
(79.3)		 30.6
(87.1)		 32.3
(90.1)		 32.4
(90.3)		 31.6
(88.9)		 30.6
(87.1)		 28.4
(83.1)		 25.3
(77.5)		 21.9
(71.4)		 26.7
(80.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.3
(61.3)		 17.1
(62.8)		 19.8
(67.6)		 23.5
(74.3)		 27.0
(80.6)		 28.7
(83.7)		 29.2
(84.6)		 28.4
(83.1)		 27.2
(81.0)		 24.6
(76.3)		 21.1
(70.0)		 17.8
(64.0)		 23.4
(74.1)
Average low °C (°F) 14.0
(57.2)		 15.3
(59.5)		 18.1
(64.6)		 21.5
(70.7)		 24.5
(76.1)		 26.1
(79.0)		 26.6
(79.9)		 26.0
(78.8)		 24.8
(76.6)		 21.9
(71.4)		 18.2
(64.8)		 14.8
(58.6)		 21.0
(69.8)
Record low °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4)		 5.0
(41.0)		 6.5
(43.7)		 11.9
(53.4)		 16.6
(61.9)		 18.9
(66.0)		 21.5
(70.7)		 21.8
(71.2)		 16.5
(61.7)		 13.0
(55.4)		 8.1
(46.6)		 3.2
(37.8)		 3.2
(37.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 24
(0.9)		 24
(0.9)		 44
(1.7)		 92
(3.6)		 167
(6.6)		 237
(9.3)		 232
(9.1)		 274
(10.8)		 211
(8.3)		 143
(5.6)		 47
(1.9)		 21
(0.8)		 1,516
(59.7)
Average precipitation days 7.9 11.7 15.6 13.1 12.8 14.5 13.4 16.1 13.3 10.3 6.4 4.8 140.0
Average relative humidity (%) 82.7 85.7 88.9 89.6 86.3 83.9 83.6 86.9 85.9 83.1 80.1 79.7 84.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 78 46 42 85 193 176 202 181 190 182 152 132 1,659
Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[4]
  • Porte dela citadelle de Hai Duong 1885
  • rLa ville de Hải Dương, Vers1900
  • Phú Lương Bridge 1921 - 1935
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References
  1. "Thành phố Hải Dương đạt tiêu chí đô thị loại I" (in Vietnamese). 2019-10-10. Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  2. "Đại Việt Sử ký Toàn thư: Bản kỷ thực lục. Quyển XII. Kỷ Nhà Lê: Thánh Tông Thuần Hoàng Đế" (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  3. "Thành phố Hải Dương". Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  4. "Vietnam Building Code Natural Physical & Climatic Data for Construction" (PDF). Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology. Retrieved 2019-10-17.

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