Guanadrel

Guanadrel
Names
	IUPAC name 2-(1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-ylmethyl)guanidine
Identifiers
CAS Number	40580-59-4 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:5555 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1037 ;
ChemSpider	35305 ;
IUPHAR/BPS	7193;
KEGG	D08029 ;
MeSH	C004945
PubChem CID	38521;
UNII	765C9332T4 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2048533 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H19N3O2/c11-9(12)13-6-8-7-14-10(15-8)4-2-1-3-5-10/h8H,1-7H2,(H4,11,12,13) Key: HPBNRIOWIXYZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C10H19N3O2/c11-9(12)13-6-8-7-14-10(15-8)4-2-1-3-5-10/h8H,1-7H2,(H4,11,12,13) Key: HPBNRIOWIXYZFK-UHFFFAOYAB;
	SMILES C1CCC2(CC1)OCC(O2)CN=C(N)N;
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H19N3O2
Molar mass	213.281 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

Guanadrel is an antihypertensive agent.[1] It is used in the form of its sulfate.

Mechanism of action

Guanadrel is a postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent. Uptake of guanadrel and storage in sympathetic neurons occurs via the norepinephrine pump; guanadrel slowly displaces norepinephrine from its storage in nerve endings and thereby blocks the release of norepinephrine normally produced by nerve stimulation. The reduction in neurotransmitter release in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation, as a result of catecholamine depletion, leads to reduced arteriolar vasoconstriction, especially the reflex increase in sympathetic tone that occurs with a change in position. Guanadrel is rapidly and well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.[2]

In 1981 the JAMA reported guanadrel as an effective step II or step III treatment of hypertension.[3]

Chemistry

Guanadrel can be synthesized when cyclohexanone undergoes ketalization by 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, forming 2-chloromethyl-1,4-dioxyspiro[4,5]decane, which is further reacted with sodium phthalimide.[4][5][6] After alkaline hydrazinolysis, the resulting phthalimide derivative is transformed into 2-aminomethyl-1,4-dioxyspiro[4,5]decane, which is reacted with S-methylthiourea, giving the desired guanadrel.

Guanadrel synthesis

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References

Oren A, Rotmensch HH, Vlasses PH, et al. (1985). "A dose-titration trial of guanadrel as step-two therapy in essential hypertension". J Clin Pharmacol. 25 (5): 343–6. doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02852.x. PMID 4031111.
Guanadrel, from Pharmacogenetics Knowledge Base
M. I. Dunn and J. L. Dunlap (1981). "Guanadrel. A new antihypertensive drug". JAMA. 245 (16): 1639–42. doi:10.1001/jama.1981.03310410017019. PMID 7206175.
W.R. Hardie, J.E. Aaron, FR 1522153 (1968)
W.R. Hardie, J.E. Aaron, S. Afr. Pat. 67 06.328 (1968)
J.E. Aaron, W.R. Hardie, U.S. Patent 3,547,951 (1970)

External links

webpage on guanadrel, from Mayo Clinic

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[pmid4031111-1] Oren A, Rotmensch HH, Vlasses PH, et al. (1985). "A dose-titration trial of guanadrel as step-two therapy in essential hypertension". J Clin Pharmacol. 25 (5): 343–6. doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02852.x. PMID 4031111.

[2] Guanadrel, from Pharmacogenetics Knowledge Base

[245/16/1639-3] M. I. Dunn and J. L. Dunlap (1981). "Guanadrel. A new antihypertensive drug". JAMA. 245 (16): 1639–42. doi:10.1001/jama.1981.03310410017019. PMID 7206175.

[4] W.R. Hardie, J.E. Aaron, FR 1522153 (1968)

[5] W.R. Hardie, J.E. Aaron, S. Afr. Pat. 67 06.328 (1968)

[6] J.E. Aaron, W.R. Hardie, U.S. Patent 3,547,951 (1970)