Former administrative units of Nepal

Former administrative units of Nepal are administrative divisions during Kingdom of Nepal. In 2008 Nepal was proclaimed a federal republic and old administrative units restricted after adoption of new constitution on 20 September 2015.[1]

This article is about the former administrative divisions of Nepal. For new administrative divisions, see Administrative divisions of Nepal.
This article is part of a series on
Administrative divisions of Nepal
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (Since 2015)
Kingdom of Nepal (1768-2008)
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Administrative divisions by country

Formerly, Nepal was divided into 5 development regions, 14 zones, 75 districts, 58 municipalities (before 2014) and 3157 village development committee.[2][3][4][5]

History

Kingdom of Nepal was formed in 1768, by unification of Nepal.[6]

Before the treaty of Sugauli in 1814-16, the territories under Nepalese control included Darjeeling to the South-east, whole of Sikkim to the east, Nainital to the south-west and the Kumaon Kingdom and Garhwal Kingdom to the west.[7]

After the Sugauli treaty in 1814-16 Nepal came to existence in today's shape. During the time of king Rajendra Bir Bikram Shah and prime minister Bhimsen Thapa, Nepal was divided into 10 districts.[8]

During the time of prime minister Bir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1885-1901) Nepal was divided into 32 districts and Doti, Palpa and Dhankuta were 3 gaunda (Nepali: गौंडा) (english meaning: Cantonment). Hilly region had 20 districts and Terai had 12 districts.[8]

Even after Bir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana to the end of Rana rule in Nepal in 1951 and till the proclamation of new constitution of Kingdom of Nepal in 1962, Nepal remained divided into 32 districts. Each had a headquarters and Bada Haqim (District Administrator) as its head. From 1951 to 1962 many acts and constitutions passed which shows name of 32 districts.[9][10][11]

In 1962, the reorganisation of traditional 35 districts into 14 zones and 75 development Districts.[12]

In 1972 (2029 B.S.). The late King Birendra in assistance with renowned scholar late Dr. Hark Gurung brought forth the concept of regional development for the harmonious developments of all parts of the country. Subsequently, he divided Nepal into 4 Development Regions in 1972: Eastern, Central, Western and Far Western. Since the Far Western Development Region became too large in size, it was further divided by creating the Mid-Western Development Region in 1981. Mid-western Development Region was created out of Karnali, Rapti and Bheri zones. It was done with the objective to achieve balanced, effective and rapid development programs in the country.[13]

Development Regions
Further information: Development regions of Nepal

Prior to September 2015, Nepal was divided into 5 Development regions. They were first-level of administrative divisions.[14]

Development Regions of Nepal
Development Regions of Nepal
sr. Development Regions Nepali Name Headquarters Area (km2.) Population (2011)
1 Eastern Development Regionपुर्वाञ्चल विकास क्षेत्रDhankuta28,4565,811,555
2 Central Development Regionमध्यमाञ्चल विकास क्षेत्रKathmandu27,4109,656,985
3 Western Development Regionपश्चिमाञ्चल विकास क्षेत्रPokhara29,3984,926,765
4 Mid-Western Development Regionमध्य पश्चिमाञ्चल विकास क्षेत्रBirendranagar42,3783,546,682
5 Far-Western Development Regionसुदुर पश्चिमाञ्चल विकास क्षेत्रDipayal19,5392,552,517
NepalनेपालKathmandu147,18126,494,504

Zones

There were 14 zones divided into 5 development regions. Each development region had 3 zones. Only the Far-Western Development Region had 2 zones.

Zones of Nepal
Zones of Nepal
sr. Regions Zones Headquarters Area (km2.) Population (2011)
1 EasternMechi ZoneIlam8,1961,422,182
2 Koshi ZoneBiratnagar9,6692,335,047
3 Sagarmatha ZoneRajbiraj10,5912,054,326
4 CentralJanakpur ZoneJaleshwar9,6692,837,481
5 Bagmati ZoneKathmandu9,428,3,843,596
6 Narayani ZoneBirgunj8,3132,975,908
7 WesternGandaki ZonePokhara12,2751,549,857
8 Lumbini ZoneButwal8,9752,834,612
9 Dhawalagiri ZoneBaglung8,148542,296
10 Mid-WestRapti ZoneTulsipur10,4821,456202
11 Karnali ZoneChandannath21,351388,713
12 Bheri ZoneNepalganj10,5451701,767
13 Far-WestSeti ZoneDhangadhi12,5501,575,003
14 Mahakali ZoneBhimdatta6,989977,514
Nepal14 ZonesKathmandu147,18126,494,504

Districts

There were 75 districts in Nepal before 2015. They were grouped together to form zones. 2 new districts formed after 2015. District Development Committees (DDCs) were established to carry out all the administrative as well as clerical functions of a district.

Zones of Nepal

List of Districts (Zonewise):

Eastern Development Region

Mechi Zone
Districts of Mechi
Outer Terai
Jhapa District (Chandragadhi)
Hill
Ilam District (Ilam)
Panchthar District (Phidim)
Mountain
Taplejung District (Phungling)

Koshi Zone
Districts of Koshi
Outer Terai
Morang District (Biratnagar)
Sunsari District (Inaruwa)
Hill
Bhojpur District (Bhojpur)
Dhankuta District (Dhankuta)
Terhathum District (Myanglung)
Mountain
Sankhuwasabha District (Khandbari)

Sagarmatha Zone
Districts of Sagarmatha
Outer Terai
Saptari District (Rajbiraj)
Siraha District (Siraha)
Inner Terai
Udayapur District (Gaighat)
Hill
Khotang District (Diktel)
Okhaldhunga District (Okhaldhunga)
Mountain
Solukhumbu District (Salleri)

Central Development Region

Janakpur Zone
Districts of Janakpur
Outer Terai
Dhanusa District (Janakpur)
Mahottari District (Jaleswar)
Sarlahi District (Malangwa)
Inner Terai
Sindhuli District (Kamalamai)
Hill
Ramechhap District (Manthali)
Mountain
Dolakha District (Charikot)

Bagmati Zone
Districts of Bagmati
Hill
Bhaktapur District (Bhaktapur)
Dhading District (Dhading Besi)
Kathmandu District (Kathmandu)
Kavrepalanchok District (Dhulikhel)
Lalitpur District (Lalitpur)
Nuwakot District (Bidur)
Mountain
Rasuwa District (Dhunche)
Sindhupalchok District (Chautara)

Narayani Zone
Districts of Narayani
Outer Terai
Bara District (Kalaiya)
Parsa District (Birgunj)
Rautahat District (Gaur)
Inner Terai
Chitwan District (Bharatpur)
Makwanpur District (Hetauda)

Western Development Region

Gandaki Zone
Districts of Gandaki
Hill
Gorkha District (Gorkha)
Kaski District (Pokhara)
Lamjung District (Besisahar)
Syangja District (Syangja)
Tanahun District (Byas)
Mountain
Manang District (Chame)

Lumbini Zone
Districts of Lumbini
Outer Terai
Kapilvastu District (Kapilvastu)
Nawalparasi District (Parasi)
Rupandehi District (Siddharthanagar)
Hill
Arghakhanchi District (Sandhikharka)
Gulmi District (Tamghas)
Palpa District (Tansen)

Daulagiri Zone
Districts of Dhaulagiri
Hill
Baglung District (Baglung)
Myagdi District (Beni)
Parbat District (Kusma)
Mountain
Mustang District (Jomsom)

Mid-Western Development Region

Rapti Zone
Districts of Rapti
Inner Terai
Dang District (Ghorahi)
Hill
Pyuthan District (Pyuthan Khalanga)
Rolpa District (Liwang)
Rukum District (Musikot)
Salyan District (Salyan Khalanga)

Karnali Zone
Districts of Karnali
Mountain
Dolpa District (Dunai)
Humla District (Simikot)
Jumla District (Jumla Khalanga)
Kalikot District (Manma)
Mugu District (Gamgadhi)

Bheri Zone
Districts of Bheri
Outer Terai
Banke District (Nepalganj)
Bardiya District (Gulariya)
Inner Terai
Surkhet District (Birendranagar)
Hill
Dailekh District (Narayan)
Jajarkot District (Khalanga)

Far-Western Development Region

Seti Zone
Districts of Seti
Outer Terai
Kailali District (Dhangadhi)
Hill
Achham District (Mangalsen)
Doti District (Dipayal)
Mountain
Bajhang District (Chainpur)
Bajura District (Martadi)

Mahakali Zone
Districts of Mahakali
Outer Terai
Kanchanpur District (Bhim Datta)
Inner Terai and Hill
Dadeldhura District (Dadeldhura)
Hill
Baitadi District (Baitadi)
Mountain
Darchula District (Darchula)

Municipalities

Municipalities are an administrative units to work in urban area. There were only 58 following Municipalities in Nepal before 2014.[15]

Village Development Committees
Further information: Village development committee (Nepal)
Further information: List of village development committees of Nepal

Formally, Villages were administered by Village development committees in Nepal. They were dissolved before the new constitution in 2015 and formed Gaunpalika.

National Association of Village Development Committees in Nepal (NAVIN) was established in the year 1996 as an umbrella organization to represent and provide support to Nepal's 3915 VDCs (Village Government in Nepal). In a short span of its origin, NAVIN has been able to establish itself, both nationally and internationally, as a reputable representative organization of VDCs and has founded itself as a pioneer partner organization for decentralization and democratization process in Nepal.[16] The Village Development Committee were defunct in March 2017 and replaced with Gaupalika

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See also

References
  1. Kathmandu Post (2017). "744 new local units come into effect". Kantipur Publications Pvt. Ltd.
  2. "Administratively Nepal is divided into 5 Regions, 14 Zones and 75 Districts. Population figure". digitallibrary.usc.edu. International Mission Photography Archive (IMPA). Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  3. "75 Districts 14 Zones and 5 Development Regions". www.weallnepali.com. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  4. "Village Development Committees (VDCs) in Nepal - list and details". www.weallnepali.com. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  5. "New Municipalities: A Decision Without Vision". nepaliheadlines.com. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  6. "TIMELINE: Milestones in political history of Nepal". www.reuters.com. 28 May 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2018. ..." "
  7. "Gorkhas Unrest in India and Their Nepal Connections". southasiajournal.net. 16 July 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2018. ..."Historically, the present Indian Gorkhas territories, Darjeeling, and the surroundings were part of Nepal. The current border between Nepal and India was set after the former’s defeat at the hands of British in 1814 which led to the Treaty of Sugauli with Nepal losing the territories of Darjeeling to the East and Kumaon and Garhwal up to Sutlez river in the West."
  8. संक्षिप्त परिचय [Short Intro]. ddcdhankuta.gov.np (in Nepali). Govt of Nepal. Retrieved 6 February 2018. ..."श्री ५ राजेन्द्रविक्रम शाह र प्रधानमन्त्री भीमसेन थापाको शासनकालमा प्रशासनिक दृष्टिकोणले वि.सं.१८७३ साल पश्चात देश १० जिल्लामा विभाजन भयो।"
  9. "Government of Nepal Act 1948" (PDF).
  10. प्रशासकीय पुनर्गठन समिति (बुच कमिशन) को प्रतिवेदन, २००९ (PDF).
  11. नेपालको जिल्ला प्रशासन पुनर्गठनको रिपोर्ट, २०१३ (PDF).
  12. "Memorial Step of King Mahendra in 1st Poush 2017 BS". reviewnepal.com. 13 December 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2018. ..." "
  13. "Where is Nepal?". www.expeditionsnepal.com. Retrieved 6 February 2018. ..." In 1972, King Birendra divided the nation into four development regions, 14 zones and 75 districts. He further divided nation and added one more development region in 1982. "
  14. "Nepal population statistics". GeoHive.com. Archived from the original on 2015-07-04. Retrieved 2015-06-02.
  15. "Municipalities and VDCs". www.geocities.ws/. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  16. "National Association of VDCs in Nepal". Navin.org.np. Retrieved 2015-06-02.
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